Essays On Labor Market Dynamics
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Essays On Labor Market Dynamics
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Author : Altin Vejsiu
language : en
Publisher: Department of Economics Uppsala University
Release Date : 2001-01-01
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics written by Altin Vejsiu and has been published by Department of Economics Uppsala University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-01 with Labor market categories.
Essays In Labor Market Dynamics
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Author : Manuel E. Toledo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Essays In Labor Market Dynamics written by Manuel E. Toledo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Business cycles categories.
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics And Policies
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Author : Arnau Valladares-Esteban
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics And Policies written by Arnau Valladares-Esteban and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Aquesta tesi estudia les interaccions entre les dinàmiques del mercat laboral i l'estructura de les famílies, i com aquestes interaccions afecten les polítiques públiques. Als EUA, s'observen patrons molt diferents pel que fa a participació laboral, ocupació i desocupació entre les persones casades i solteres. Fins i tot un cop es controla per la distinta composició dels dos grups, encara apareixen comportaments molt diferents entre casats i solters en termes del mercat de treball. L'explicació proposada en aquesta tesi és simple: la gent es comporta de manera diferent quan forma part d'una família comparat amb quan està sola. A partir d'aquesta premissa, la tesi explora dues qüestions fonamentals. La primera és analitzar quina part de les diferencies que observem a les dades és deguda a l'efecte de la família. La segona tracta d'entendre com canvien les implicacions d'una política bàsica del mercat laboral, com és l'assegurança d'atur, quan introduïm la família en l'anàlisi. En el primer capítol, escrit amb en Sekyu Choi, documentem una diferència remarcable i estable entre la taxa d'atur de la gent casada i la soltera, als EUA. A través d'una descomposició estàndard de les transicions laborals, trobem quins són els canals que expliquen millor les diferències tant en termes de gènere com a d'estructura familiar. Després, construïm un model simple del mercat laboral, on els agents presenten diferències en termes de xocs d'ingressos, béns, gènere i estat civil. A través del model, demostrem que la família genera dos efectes de signe oposat sobre la taxa d'atur. Per una banda, actua completant els mercats i, per tant, reduint els incentius per treballar, el que genera una menor ocupació i, ceteris paribus, major taxa d'atur. Per altra banda, augmenta la inclinació dels agents a sortir de l'atur a través de no participar en el mercat laboral, cosa que redueix la taxa d'atur. En el segon capítol, escrit amb en Nezih Guner i na Yuliya Kulikova, estudiem les transicions conjuntes de les parelles en el mercat laboral. La literatura empírica existent s'ha centrat en analitzar els moviments entre ocupació i atur, ignorant la participació. Una altre característiques de la literatura existent és que analitza individus, en canvi, nosaltres focalitzem en nostre anàlisi en parelles. Els homes i les dones casades son diferents pel que fa a les seves dinàmiques en el mercat laboral. Les transicions entre atur i inactivitat tenen un paper més important per a les dones que per als homes. Per tant, tenir en compte el marge de participació és clau per entendre les dinàmiques laborals de les parelles. Els nostres resultats mostren que el component de coordinació per explicar els moviments de les parelles a través dels estats laborals és fonamental. En el tercer capítol, estudio un programa d'assegurança d'atur, semblant al que està en marxa als EUA, en un entorn on la principal font d'heterogeneïtat entre els agents és el tipus de llar on viuen: alguns viuen sols mentre els altres viuen amb la seva parella formant una família. La principal conclusió, es que l'assegurança d'atur beneficia als solters però no als casats. Aquest resultat no depèn de les diferents característiques entre solters i casats. Fins i tot si els solters formessin una família amb els seus clons, no es beneficiarien de l'assegurança. En canvi, si els casats visquessin sols, si que la valorarien. Per tant, la principal raó per la qual els casats no es beneficien de l'assegurança és que la família, amb els seus dos treballadors, és un mecanisme suficient de suport.
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics
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Author : Franziska Lembcke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics written by Franziska Lembcke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics
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Author : Franziska Lembcke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics written by Franziska Lembcke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics
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Author : Christina Hyde Patterson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics written by Christina Hyde Patterson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
This thesis consists of three chapters on labor market dynamics. In the first chapter, I show empirically that the unequal incidence of recessions is a core channel through which aggregate shocks are amplified. I show that the aggregate marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is larger when income shocks disproportionately hit high-MPC individuals, and I define the Matching Multiplier as the increase in the output multiplier originating from the matching of workers to jobs with different income elasticities - a greater matching multiplier translates into more powerful amplification in a range of business cycle models. Using administrative data from the United States, I document that the earnings of individuals with a higher marginal propensity to consume are more exposed to recessions. I show that this covariance between worker MPCs and the elasticity of their earnings to GDP is large enough to increase shock amplification by 40 percent over a benchmark in which all workers are equally exposed. Using local labor market variation, I validate this amplification mechanism by showing that areas with higher matching multipliers experience larger employment fluctuations over the business cycle. Lastly, I derive a generalization of the matching multiplier in an incomplete markets model and show numerically that this mechanism is quantitatively similar within this structural framework. In the second chapter, joint with David Autor, David Dorn, Lawrence Katz, and John Van Reenen, we explore the well-documented fall of labor's share of GDP in the United States and many other countries. Existing empirical assessments typically rely on industry or macro data, obscuring heterogeneity among firms. In this paper, we analyze micro panel data from the U.S. Economic Census since 1982 and document empirical patterns to assess a new interpretation of the fall in the labor share based on the rise of "superstar firms." If globalization or technological changes advantage the most productive firms in each industry, product market concentration will rise as industries become increasingly dominated by superstar firms. Since these firms have high markups and a low labor share of firm value-added and sales, this depresses the aggregate labor share. We empirically assess seven predictions of this hypothesis: (i) industry sales will increasingly concentrate in a small number of firms; (ii) industries where concentration rises most will have the largest declines in the labor share; (iii) the fall in the labor share will be driven largely by reallocation rather than a fall in the unweighted mean labor share across all firms; (iv) the between-firm reallocation component of the fall in the labor share will be greatest in the sectors with the largest increases in market concentration; (v) the industries that are becoming more concentrated will exhibit faster growth of productivity and innovation; (vi) the aggregate markup will rise more than the unweighted firm markup; and (vii) these patterns should be observed not only in U.S. firms, but also internationally. We find support for all of these predictions. In the third chapter, I explore how the distribution of tasks across industries affects labor market responses to shocks. I present a model in which task-level wages connect industries employing the same tasks, meaning that the distribution of tasks across industries insures some workers against shocks and alters their labor market experiences. Workers trained in more dispersed tasks (e.g. accountants) face less unemployment risk from industry-specific shocks than workers who do tasks that are concentrated in few industries (e.g. petroleum engineers). Using industry and regional data, I show empirical evidence that supports the model's predictions - industries that employ more specialized labor contract less in response to demand shocks than industries with less specialized labor. JEL Classifications: E21, J23, D33
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics And Longitudinal Linked Data Microform
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Author : Simon Dominic Woodcock
language : en
Publisher: Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International
Release Date : 2003
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics And Longitudinal Linked Data Microform written by Simon Dominic Woodcock and has been published by Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Two Essays On Labor Market Dynamics And Government Intervention
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Author : Christina Gathmann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Two Essays On Labor Market Dynamics And Government Intervention written by Christina Gathmann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Border patrols categories.
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics With Worker Heterogeneity
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Author : Carlo Pizzinelli
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics With Worker Heterogeneity written by Carlo Pizzinelli and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Labor economics categories.
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics And The Existence Of Political Equilibrium
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Author : Audra Jann Bowlus
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Essays On Labor Market Dynamics And The Existence Of Political Equilibrium written by Audra Jann Bowlus and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Labor market categories.