Essays On Public And Labor Economics
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Essays In Public And Labor Economics
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Author : Teodora Tsankova
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Essays In Public And Labor Economics written by Teodora Tsankova and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Essays In Public And Labor Economics
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Author : Frédéric Panier
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Essays In Public And Labor Economics written by Frédéric Panier and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
This thesis is composed of three empirical papers in the field of labor and public economics. The first paper uses historical data from the New-York Stock Exchange to investigate the importance of ethnic discrimination, ethnic networks and ethnic homophily in the field of finance. The second paper studies the role of parental insurance on the job search behavior of new entrants in the labor market. It also uses parental shocks around the time of the child's entry into the labor force as an instrument to test for the existence of persistent effects from a temporary increase in job search effort at the beginning of a worker's career. The third paper takes advantage of an important tax reform that took place in Belgium in 2006 to answer a longstanding question in the field of public economics and corporate finance: what is the role of corporate taxes in determining the observed levels of leverage among incorporated firms.
Essays On Public And Labor Economics
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Author : Alexander M. Gelber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Essays On Public And Labor Economics written by Alexander M. Gelber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Chapter 1 examines the impact of taxation on family labor supply and test economic models of the family by analyzing responses to the Tax Reform of 1991 in Sweden, known as the "tax reform of the century" because of its large magnitude. Using detailed administrative panel data on approximately 11% of the married Swedish population, I find that husbands and wives react substantially to their own marginal tax rates and to their spouses' rates. The estimates imply that husbands' leisure and wives' leisure are complements in the full sample. I test and reject a set of models in which the family maximizes a single utility function. The standard econometric labor supply specification, in which one spouse reacts to the other spouse's income as if it were unearned income, yields biased coefficient estimates. Uncompensated labor supply elasticities are over-estimated by a factor of more than three, and income effects are of the wrong sign.
Essays In Public And Labor Economics
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Author : Margaret Elizabeth Brehm
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Essays In Public And Labor Economics written by Margaret Elizabeth Brehm and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Electronic dissertations categories.
Essays On Public And Labor Economics
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Author : Rene Armando Crespin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Essays On Public And Labor Economics written by Rene Armando Crespin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
This dissertation consists of three essays, each using extensive data and rigorous empirical methods to investigate key questions within the fields of public and labor economics with a focus on socioeconomic and racial/ethnic inequality. In Chapter 1, I study how the social, learning, and working conditions (school climate) experienced by students, families, and teachers is valued by stakeholders. To study this question, I investigate how publicizing school climate information is capitalized into the housing market and how it affects the sorting of homebuyers from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Using a plausibly exogenous shock of school climate information in Chicago, I employ event studies and a difference-in-differences framework. I find that providing this information publicly leads to an increase in sales price for homes assigned to schools with better climate ratings. Additionally, I find that the information shock also attracts higher income homebuyers into neighborhoods with better climate schools. These initial effects dissipate over time, as information becomes less salient. The effects are consistent across different types of schools and neighborhoods. I find evidence that homebuyers value this dimension of school quality that has been understudied in the revealed preferences literature. In Chapter 2, I investigate how changing the odds of admissions to elite K-12 exam schools affects families' residential decisions. To do this, I leverage a natural experiment created by Chicago's place-based affirmative action policy, where neighborhoods across the city can experience exam school admissions benefits from year to year. I conduct difference-in-differences and event study analyses to compare changes in the outcomes of neighborhoods with varying odds of admissions shocks, before and after these shocks are revealed and implemented each application year. My findings offer evidence that families are willing to pay and, hence, strategize the place-based affirmative action admissions policy in Chicago. Therefore, under this current system, families are able to pay for better odds of admissions to elite exam schools. Furthermore, higher income and white families react more to these admissions benefits, which is the opposite of race- and place-based admissions policies' intentions to prioritize non-white and low-income students, respectively. In Chapter 3, I explore how local immigration enforcement policies can have demographic and economic impacts on local communities through effects on potential homebuyers' willingness to purchase homes. Using an event study and triple-difference framework, I find evidence that implementing local 287(g) partnerships led to large and statistically significant declines in the number of home loan applications by Latino applicants compared to non-Latino applicants. I find that the most intrusive enforcement model (Task Force) had the strongest detrimental effects of all the 287(g) models. Additionally, I demonstrate that studies that use the sample of counties that apply for and are rejected or accepted by ICE into 287(g) partnerships must be cautious and account for strong differences in trends between these counties.
Essays In Public And Labor Economics
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Author : Max Löffler
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Essays In Public And Labor Economics written by Max Löffler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Essays In Public Finance And Labor Economics
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Author : Sebastian Findeisen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Essays In Public Finance And Labor Economics written by Sebastian Findeisen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Essays In Public And Labor Economics
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Author : Nobuhiko Nakazawa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Essays In Public And Labor Economics written by Nobuhiko Nakazawa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
This dissertation investigates how individuals, municipalities, and firms respond to incentives created by public policies and provides empirical evidence on their efficacy. Chapter 1 investigates the effects of increasing the eligibility age for public pension on workers' retirement decisions, focusing on recent Japanese public pension reforms. In Japan, the pensionable age for Employees' Pension Insurance benefits gradually increased from 60 to 65 for males over the course of a decade. Using individual-level restricted-use data and a regression discontinuity design, I find that raising the pensionable age for flat-rate benefits by one year increases male employment at the critical ages by about 7-8 percentage points. Individual labor supply responses at the critical ages are heterogeneous across closeness to the implementation date due to anticipatory responses. Chapter 2 studies the effect of allocating central administrators on local government units. During the 2000s, Japanese central administrators were actively transferred from the central government to mentor and monitor local governments. Exploiting the timing of hosting transfers and rich administrative data, I find that municipalities with transferred central administrators in fact persistently improved fiscal discipline by shrinking expenditure and lowering debt. Voters seem to reward the incumbent mayor in the local election for better administration and fiscal conditions. Heterogeneity analyses reveal, though, that transferred administrators temporarily increase local expenditure and categorical grants in fields closely related to their respective departments. Chapter 3 investigates the effect of raising the mandatory retirement age and introducing a continued reemployment system on older workers and young job-seekers. In 2006, Japanese companies were required to raise the mandatory retirement age from age 60 to at least age 63 or to introduce a continued employment system that creates flexible positions for older workers to continue at the same company. Relying on quasi-experimental variation in exposure to the policy change according to pre-reform norms by industry, geography, and firm size, I find that the reform was effective in terms of decreasing the job separation rate of older workers. It also decreased the job finding rate of young people for firms that were more affected by the policy change.
Essays In Public And Labor Economics
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Author : Hee-Seung Yang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Essays In Public And Labor Economics written by Hee-Seung Yang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Divorce categories.
This dissertation consists of three empirical papers exploring policy-relevant questions in Public Finance and Labor Economics. In particular, it inquires into social insurance programs, the purpose of which is to protect individuals against adverse events. More generous benefits, however, often lead to unintended behavioral responses even as they provide greater protection. This dissertation focuses on identifying and quantifying the distortionary effects of social insurance, providing an input to optimal design. The first chapter investigates the effect of Social Security dependent benefit provisions on the labor force participation of married women aged 25-54. Many provisions of the Social Security program may distort an individual's work incentive. In particular, the availability of dependent benefits may reduce the net return to work since secondary earners, who are likely to claim benefits based on their spouses' earnings records, pay the full payroll tax without receiving marginal benefits for additional earnings. I rely on differences in Social Security coverage among husbands by state and sector to identify the impact on the labor supply of their wives. The results show that married women tend to reduce their labor supply when dependent benefits are available, suggesting that changes in the Social Security system that strengthen the relationship between earnings and benefits would have a positive effect on the labor supply of married women. The second chapter analyzes how Social Security dependent benefit provisions affect women's divorce behavior. Under the current Social Security system, a divorced woman is eligible to receive dependent benefits based on her ex-spouse's earnings record if her marriage lasted at least 10 years and she remains unmarried after divorce. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I estimate a discrete time duration model of the probability of divorce. The results suggest that married women are likely to delay divorce to preserve the option of receiving dependent benefits if their marriages are near 10 years duration. This effect is stronger for women whose earnings are much lower than their husbands' or whose predicted remarriage probabilities are low, so are those most likely to value the option. The final chapter examines the effect of extended parental coverage on young adults' labor market choices. Young adults aged 19-29 are significantly less likely to have health insurance since most family insurance policies cut off dependents when they turn 19 or finish college. In recent years, several states have expanded eligibility to allow young adults as old as 30 to remain covered under their parents' employer-provided health insurance. For those who qualify for these benefits, the expansion of parental coverage partially reduces the value of being employed by a firm that provides health insurance since adult children can now get health insurance through another channel. We employ quasi-experimental variation in the timing and generosity of states' eligibility rules to identify the effect of the policy change on young adults' labor market choices. Our results suggest that the expansion of parental coverage increases the group coverage rate and reduces labor supply among young adults, particularly in full-time employment.
Essays In Public Economics And Labor Economics
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Author : Sebastian Seitz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022*
Essays In Public Economics And Labor Economics written by Sebastian Seitz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022* with categories.