Essays On Public Policy And Household Decision Making
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Essays On Public Policy And Household Decision Making
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Author : Jan Kabátek
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Essays On Public Policy And Household Decision Making written by Jan Kabátek and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Essays On Government Policy And Household Financial Decisions
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Author : Karen M. Pence
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Essays On Government Policy And Household Financial Decisions written by Karen M. Pence and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Three Essays On The Policy Induced Effects On Household Welfare And Community Development
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Author : Licheng Xu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Three Essays On The Policy Induced Effects On Household Welfare And Community Development written by Licheng Xu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Public policy plays a vital role in almost every sector of the modern society. In particular, economic policies and regulations affect the decision-making process of market participants either directly or indirectly. The design and reform of economic policies often have intended or unintended micro-level consequences, affecting the welfare of ordinary households and the development of local communities. This dissertation investigates such policy-induced effects on three particular matters, with evidence from both China and the United States. In the context of China, reforms on the land tenure system and the household registration (hukou) system affect the land and labor allocation within rural households, resulting in changes to their economic welfare. On the other hand, in the U.S. context, the disbursement schedule of monthly food stamp benefits is directly linked to the consumption pattern of recipient households, which in turn affects the prevalence and severity of food security in the local communities. As such, a seemingly minor change in the timing of welfare payment can potentially lead to significant changes in the observed incidence of crime and violent conduct. Based on all the empirical findings, I discuss related policy implications accordingly in either context.
Essays On Household Decision
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Essays On Household Decision written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Families categories.
This thesis considers the fact that the majority of households consists of two adults whose characteristics and preferences matter for the households' decisions. The rst chapter studies how an increase in the generosity of maternity leave payments a ects parental labor supply, early child development, and the relative well-being of the parents considering that parents may have di erent preferences over outcomes and that the policy change may a ect the parental bargaining positions. I develop and estimate a static cooperative Nash bargaining model of parental decision-making in the rst period of the child's life and use the model to investigate how the decision-making changes with an increase in the leave payments. The results indicate that mothers will spend more time at home rather than in the labor market when the leave payments increase, but that the average early child development is not much a ected. Furthermore, the policy shifts the bargaining positions within the household in favor of the father and, although both parents are better o from the policy change, the mother would be better o relative to the father without the increase in maternity leave payments. In the second chapter we look closer at how the insurance value of marriage, represented by the correlation of shocks to individual incomes, varies over di erent groups in the popu- lation. We nd that this value may be lower for more recent cohorts, and decrease with age and with higher education. The third chapter builds on the second. We investigate the importance of intra-household risk-sharing through labor supply by testing the following prediction: A higher correlation of income shocks within the household implies a lower ability to insure income through spousal labor supply and should, all else equal, lead to higher asset accumulation of the house- hold. Our results indicate that this prediction holds empirically, suggesting that households perceive spousal labor supply as an important income insurance.
Three Essays On The Evaluation Of Development Policies
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Author : Maja Schling
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Three Essays On The Evaluation Of Development Policies written by Maja Schling and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Economics categories.
This dissertation focuses on the evaluation of three distinct developing country policies, which, despite having been implemented in different parts of the world, are uniformly relevant to the field of development economics as well as effective policy design. Consequently, each essay contributes to the literature in its own way, either by evaluating a new and innovative intervention, by enhancing the theoretical understanding of policy-relevant interactions between public and private investment behavior, or by assessing the effectiveness of a broadly implemented, but yet unevaluated development policy. The results of the individual essays therefore convey one common conclusion; that a truly effective development policy must review carefully how its components interact with the behavioral responses of beneficiaries to identify the pathways through which impacts can be achieved.Chapter 1 examines whether computer-assisted instruction has a positive impact on the cognitive development as well as literacy and numeracy skills of early grade students. The analysis focuses on an educational intervention implemented in the rural region of Eastern Zambia that integrated technology into classroom activity in order to mitigate weaknesses in teaching skills and address specific unmet student needs. Using two control groups to compare the program's success to both standard government schools and lower-quality community schools, a difference-in-difference approach combined with inverse propensity score weighting is used to identify impact. While the program is unable to significantly advantage students in treated schools with respect to literacy, numeracy, and cognitive skills, estimates indicate that the program does succeed in leveling out initial differences, especially in comparison to government school students. This leveling by the program is accomplished at a third of the cost of government schools. An analysis of the heterogeneous impact further shows that effects are stronger for grade two students than for first graders. This is potentially because benefits take time to accumulate or because computer-assisted instruction becomes more important in supporting teachers as teaching becomes more complex and requires more materials. These results drive home the importance of integration of technology into curriculum and teaching methodology and how this can be a cost effective means to improve student learning.Chapter 2 examines how public education expenditures affect household spending on schooling and provides new theoretical underpinnings that highlight the importance of incorporating models of household decision-making processes into policy design. The study takes advantage of two country cases, Indonesia and Peru, which offer sufficient variation in public expenditures at the local level, and therefore lend themselves to assessing the important effect of government education expenditures at the district level on household spending on schooling. Employing a fixed-effects regression and an instrumental variable approach in Indonesia and a pseudo-panel approach in Peru, results indicate that a 1% increase in public-level education expenditures per school is estimated to decrease household-level spending on schooling per school-aged child by approximately 0.5% in Indonesia and 0.04% in Peru. This suggests that government spending may crowd out private investment in schooling, which represents an important indirect effect of any educational policy and can potentially diminish policy effectiveness. A closer look at household expenditures revealed that the specific (country) context will determine how parents reallocate their resources in response to changes in public spending levels.Lastly, Chapter 3 presents the first rigorous impact evaluation of a shoreline stabilization program in Barbados and attempts to assess whether shoreline stabilization investments indeed have beneficial effects on medium-term economic growth in Small Island Developing States through stimulating tourism demand and real estate development. The analysis relies on a carefully designed geographic information systems (GIS) dataset, which comprises extensive panel data from Barbados' touristic West and South Coasts on key infrastructure, beach characteristics, and real estate activity, as well as remotely-sensed luminosity data as a proxy of economic growth. The synthetic control method is employed to construct a counterfactual from a combination of all control beach sites and subsequently estimate program impact on per capita luminosity as a proxy for GDP per capita. Results indicate that even in the first three years after treatment, economic effects are positive and indicate a strong positive trend. This suggests that shoreline stabilization works may not only help preserve fragile ecological conditions, but further lead to sustainable growth in the local economy.
Essays On The Impacts Of Household Financial Decision Making
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Author : George Simon Mihaylov
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Essays On The Impacts Of Household Financial Decision Making written by George Simon Mihaylov and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Households categories.
The thesis examines the consequences of household and individual financial decision making in three different areas: mortgages, superannuation and family businesses. The questions posed in each case cannot be tackled using conventional financial databases. I therefore address each case by applying survey methods. First, I examine the socioeconomic impacts of households choosing to take out shared appreciation mortgages (SAMs). Tax and regulatory barriers have impeded the development and use of SAMs in many mortgage markets. Empirical studies on household impacts stemming from SAMs have therefore also been limited. However, the State Government of South Australia has implemented SAMs as a means of enabling and encouraging low-income homeownership, thereby creating a unique dataset of SAM financed households. I survey this population, finding that SAM borrowers benefit from increased budgetary expenditure on discretionary items following take-up, while simultaneously saving on some non-discretionary items relative to control samples of renters and other homeowners from the general population. Furthermore, SAM homeownership also appears to be associated with increased levels of neighbourhood satisfaction and community involvement for borrowers. The results from this study indicate that SAM financed homeownership leads to changes in household behaviour and deserves further consideration by the housing industry and research community. Second, I examine the influence of investor knowledge and the cognitive bias which arises from overconfidence on the advice seeking behaviour of investors in self-managed superannuation funds (SMSFs). I trace whether overestimating one's own technical and financial abilities can hinder the willingness to seek advice. I identify a subset of investors who are not knowledgeable and yet do not seek advice to compensate for this. These investors appear to be overconfident in their ability to manage their SMSF, despite holding under-diversified and less financially sophisticated portfolios when compared to their peers. Given the global rise in investors choosing to manage their own retirement funds and the importance of seeking advice in this context, there are direct policy implications from these findings. They suggest a need to identify and target self-managed retirement investors who display overconfidence since they are the most likely to manage under-performing SMSFs in the longer term. Third, I examine links between the succession planning decisions, operational management and financial performance of small-to-medium sized agricultural enterprises (SMAEs). I differentiate between written, verbal and other succession arrangements to investigate how each type embeds within the broader operational environment of SMAE households. Further tests are performed to see if differences in financial outcomes can be linked with a particular approach to succession. The results indicate that succession planning decisions are positively associated with the use of written business plans and crop insurance, but that this is only true for SMAEs with professionalised written succession arrangements. This was also the only cohort associated with improved return on assets relative to peer agricultural businesses with alternative succession arrangements in place. Given the critical role of succession in the long-term sustainability of family business households, these results have direct implications for farmers and practitioners advising the private agricultural sector. They suggest that the value in planning succession at least partly lies in the value of going down pathways for professionalization.
Economics For An Imperfect World
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Author : Joseph E. Stiglitz
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2003
Economics For An Imperfect World written by Joseph E. Stiglitz and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
The focus of Joseph Stiglitz's work in economics throughout his long and distinguished career has been on the real world, with all of its imperfections.
Essays In Development And Labor Economics
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Author : John Michael Ian Salas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Essays In Development And Labor Economics written by John Michael Ian Salas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The first essay tackles the role of subsidized contraception in influencing fertility. It draws on two types of disruptions that affected the public supply of free contraceptives in the Philippines: a sharp reduction induced by the phase out of contraceptive donations to the country from an external donor coupled with a government policy that withdrew public funding to fill the supply shortfall, and substantial fluctuations in the shipment of free contraceptives to the country's provinces that were brought about by supply chain issues. It finds that birth rates were responsive to both broad and transitory changes in public contraceptive supply: provinces which experienced bigger declines in the supply of free contraceptives also had larger increases (or smaller decreases) in birth rates, while temporary supply drops (increases) were followed by rising (falling) birth rates. It also identifies poor, low-educated, and rural women as groups which may have difficulties coping with short-term gaps in public contraceptive supply. The second essay develops a novel approach of framing couple decision making as a deliberative and engaging process that may lead to a spouse prevailing over the other, but not necessarily so, in which case the decision-making authority is shared between spouses. It argues that when joint decision making is observed, it could be interpreted as indicative of cooperative spousal behavior. Using a rich dataset from a homogenous set of communities in the Philippines, it explores the patterns of household consumption spending that accompany the characterized decision-making arrangement. After controlling for total household resources and several factors that influence each spouse's bargaining power, the evidence suggests that children fare more favorably under couple's joint decision making than under sole decision making by either the mother or the father. This result likely stems from couples' ability to coordinate their spending priorities under joint decision making, which mitigates the underprovision of household public goods. The third essay, which is joint work with David Neumark and William Wascher, assesses recent studies claiming that estimates from the panel data approach used in much of the "new minimum wage research" are flawed because this approach fails to account for spatial heterogeneity. These recent studies use research designs intended to control for this heterogeneity, and conclude that minimum wages in the United States have not reduced employment. The essay explores the ability of these research designs to isolate reliable identifying information and tests their untested assumptions about the construction of better control groups. It presents evidence pointing to serious problems with these research designs. Moreover, it shows that new methods which let the data identify the appropriate control groups leads to evidence of disemployment effects, with teen employment elasticities near -0.15. It concludes that the evidence still shows that minimum wages pose a tradeoff of higher wages for some against job losses for others, and that policymakers need to bear this tradeoff in mind when making decisions about increasing the minimum wage.
Family Economics And Public Policy 1800s Present
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Author : Megan McDonald Way
language : en
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Release Date : 2019-09-13
Family Economics And Public Policy 1800s Present written by Megan McDonald Way and has been published by Palgrave Macmillan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-13 with Business & Economics categories.
This book explores family economic decision-making in the United States from the nineteenth century through present day, specifically looking at the relationship between family resource allocation decisions and government policy. It examines how families have responded to incentives and constraints established by diverse federal and state policies and laws, including the regulation of marriage and of female labor force participation, child labor and education policies—including segregation—social welfare programs, and more. The goal of this book is to present family economic decisions throughout US history in a way that contextualizes where the US economy and the families that drive it have been. It goes on to discuss the role public policies have played in that journey, where we need to go from here, and how public policies can help us get there. At a time when American families are more complex than ever before, this volume will educate readers on the often unrecognized role that government policies have on our family lives, and the uncelebrated role that family economic decision-making has on the future of the US economy.
Essays In Public Policy
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Author : Alma Hélène Ramsden
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Essays In Public Policy written by Alma Hélène Ramsden and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
This thesis deals with topics related to labour and pension economics and social policy in Switzerland. It consists of three essays which empirically investigate the consequences of public policy and macroeconomic shocks on individual decision-making. The first paper analyses the effects of a major child care reform on labour market outcomes in the Swiss city of Lucerne. It shows that the reform has significantly increased labour market participation and earnings of mothers with children of pre-school age. The positive labour market effects can be attributed to the increase in quantity of child care supplied (i.e. a decrease in rationing in the child care market) together with the provision of work incentives. The results of this paper suggest that a well-thought-out child care subsidy scheme can be an effective measure to facilitate reconciliation of work and family life and to increase self-sufficiency of lower-income households. The second and third papers are concerned with the determinants of individual annuitization choices in the second pillar. Cash out decisions at retirement have become a major policy issue since annuities are one of the best ways to insure against poverty risk in old age. The second paper analyses the role of taxation in individual annuitization decisions. It reveals that there are substantial differences between taxation of the lump sum and taxation of the annuity in Switzerland, leading to large differences in an annuity's value. Consequently, individuals react strongly to tax incentives when making retirement choices. For example, individuals try to optimize taxation by sorting into more favourable marginal tax rate brackets. These findings have important policy implications: a more preferential tax treatment of annuities relative to the one of lump sum payments could induce more individuals to annuitize a share of their pension wealth. This in turn would reduce poverty in old age. The third paper.