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Essays On The Determinants Of Student Achievement In France And The Us

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Essays On The Determinants Of Student Achievement In France And The Us

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Author : Simon Briole
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Essays On The Determinants Of Student Achievement In France And The Us written by Simon Briole and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.

The Human Capital Theory developed by Gary Becker in the 60's substantially widened the area of investigation of economics. Over the last two decades, many studies in the economics of education intended to identify the characteristics of an educational system which enable individuals to acquire as much skills, knowledge and information as possible. This thesis contribute to this literature by studying two aspects of the educational environment that has particularly attracted economists' attention over recent years: teacher productivity and peer effects in the classroom. The first chapter of this thesis investigate to what extent teaching practices implemented by math teachers in the US relate to their students' math performance. First, it shows that every single hour spent in the classroom studying mathematics generate a significant improvement in students' math performance. Second, it shows that the productivity of instructional time strongly relates to the implementation of interactive teaching practices, which require student active participation in the lesson. More precisely, each hour spent with a teacher putting a high weight on this kind of practices is 2 to 3 times more productive than an hour spent with a teacher putting a higher weight on traditional practices, such a teacher lecture. The second chapter of this thesis studies the impact of a public policy aimed at improving teachers' practices, namely the individual teacher evaluation system in French secondary education. In this chapter, we show that students' performance at the end-of-middle school national exam significantly improve after the evaluation of their math teacher, not only for students taught by an evaluated teacher the year of the evaluation, but also for students taught by the same teacher on subsequent years, suggesting a long-lasting improvement in teacher pedagogical skills. These positive effects persist over time for students, who not only perform better at the end-of-middle school exam but also choose more often and graduate more often from the science track in high school. In addition, the positive effects of teacher evaluation are particularly salient in education priority schools, in contexts where teaching is often very challenging.The third chapter of this thesis investigates the effect of school peers' gender on students' performance and educational careers in French middle schools. First, it shows that the proportion of female peers' in middle school has persistent effects on students' educational careers as it not only affects students' test score at the end-of-9th-grade national examination, but also influences their track choices and high school graduation rates several years later. Second, it shows that a larger share of girls in the classroom has positive effects for girls and negative effects for boys. More specifically, it reduces girls' dropout rates and increases their probability to graduate from an academic track in high school, especially in the scientific track, while it increases boys' probability to attend a vocational school after 9th grade and decreases their high school graduation rate.

Essays On Contextual Determinants Of Educational Work And Family Trajectories In France

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Author : Fanny Landaud
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

Essays On Contextual Determinants Of Educational Work And Family Trajectories In France written by Fanny Landaud and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.

This thesis is composed of three independent essays studying the role of the schooling and social environment in which individuals make their educational, work or family decisions. The first chapter studies the impact of enrollment at a more selective Parisian high school on students' performance and choice of field of study. We compare students' educational outcomes depending on whether their 9th grade standardized score fell just above or below an admission threshold, and we find that enrollment at a more selective high school has no impact on students' performance but induces female students to turn away from scientific fields and settle for less competitive ones. Our results are consistent with lab-experiment findings on gender differences in attitude towards competition and bad grades. The second chapter analyzes grade repetition in higher education and focuses on the spillover effects induced by grade repeaters on undergraduate freshmen. We distinguish between spillovers effects induced by higher- or lower- achieving repeaters to disentangle class size from composition effects, and we find that grade repetition generates little congestion effects but has important negative composition effects. We show that the performances of freshmen are very sensitive to the number of higher-achieving repeaters while they are not impacted by the number of lower-achieving repeaters. One potential mechanism would be distortion in teaching practices. The last chapter studies the impact of temporary contracts and youth unemployment to explain observed delays in age at first cohabiting relationship and in age at first child. Using French data on the work and family history of large samples of young adults, this chapter provides evidence that access to permanent jobs has a much stronger impact than access to temporary jobs for family formation. According to our estimates, about 25% of the increase in age at first cohabitation and about 40% of the increase in age at first child observed during the second half of the century can be explained by the rise in unemployment and in the share of temporary jobs among young workers.

Resources In Education

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001

Resources In Education written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Education categories.

Sociological Abstracts

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Author : Leo P. Chall
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998

Sociological Abstracts written by Leo P. Chall and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Sociology categories.

Subject Catalog

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Author : Library of Congress
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981

Subject Catalog written by Library of Congress and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Subject catalogs categories.

Research In Education

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974

Research In Education written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Education categories.

Outsiders Usa Original Essays On 24 Outgroups In American Society

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Author : Don Spiegel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973

Outsiders Usa Original Essays On 24 Outgroups In American Society written by Don Spiegel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Social Science categories.

The purpose of this book is to bring together, in a single volume, a discussion of some two dozen different social categories whose members can be labeled "outsiders," using our broad definition of the term. The reader of this volume can gain insight into the major similarities and differences of the various outsider categories presented. Each of the chapters was written especially for this book. The authors were selected for their expertise in the area of their chapter content, which more often than not includes involvement in innovative or action-oriented approaches to solving complex social problems. Most chapters follow a similar format: a description of the social category, a presentation of the dilemmas their members face, explorations of traditional as well as recent approaches to resolving their dilemmas, and a brief look at their prospects for more satisfying life situations and potentials. Although comprehensive solutions to the problems outsiders face have yet to be evolved and implemented, we hope that by imparting a more basic understanding of people in outsider categories we will have contributed to that end. For not until outsiders are more fully understood from their own perspective by society-at-large can truly positive changes in our society emerge.