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Essays On The Economics Of Crime And Policing

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Essays On The Economics Of Crime And Policing

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Author : Ariana Matsa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Essays On The Economics Of Crime And Policing written by Ariana Matsa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.

Essays On The Economics Of Crime

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Author : Aaron James Chalfin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Essays On The Economics Of Crime written by Aaron James Chalfin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

This dissertation considers the role that of various inputs in informing the market for crimes. Chapter 1 considers the "national" effect of immigration. Using panel data on U.S. cities and an instrument that leverages temporal variation in rainfall in different regions of Mexico and persistence in regional Mexico-U.S. migration networks, my findings indicate that Mexican immigration is associated with no appreciable change in the rate of either violent or property crimes in U.S. cities. Chapter 2 leverages a natural experiment created by recent legislation in Arizona to estimate the impact on crime of an extremely large and discrete decline in the state's foreign-born Mexican population. I show that Arizona's foreign-born Mexican population decreased by as much as 20 percent in the wake of the state's 2008 implementation of the Legal Arizona Workers Act (LAWA), a broad-based E-Verify law requiring employers to verify the immigration status of new employees, coupled with severe sanctions for employer noncompliance. In order to isolate the causal effect of the passage and implementation of LAWA on crime, I leverage a synthetic "differences-in-differences" estimator, using a new method of counterfactual estimation proposed by Abadie, Diamond and Hainmuller (2010). In contrast to previous literature, I find significant and large effects of Mexican immigration on Arizona's property crime rate. Results are driven, in large part, by the fact that LAWA resulted in especially disproportionate declines among Mexican migrants who are young and male and, as such, the effects are predominantly compositional. The final chapter, coauthored with Justin McCrary, considers the responsiveness of crime to police manpower. Using a new panel data set on crime in medium to large U.S. cities over 1960- 2010, we show that (1) year-over-year changes in police per capita are largely idiosyncratic to demographic factors, the local economy, city budgets, measures of social disorganization, and recent changes in crime rates, (2) year-over-year changes in police per capita are mismeasured, leading many estimates in the literature to be too small by a factor of 5, and (3) after correcting for measurement error bias and controlling for population growth, a regression of within-state differences in year-over-year changes in city crimes on within-state differences in year-over-year changes in police yields economically large point estimates. Our estimates imply that each dollar spent on police is associated with approximately $1.60 in reduced victimization costs, suggesting that U.S. cities employ too few police.

Essays On The Economics Of Policing And Crime

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Author : Roman Gabriel Rivera
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023

Essays On The Economics Of Policing And Crime written by Roman Gabriel Rivera and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.

Previous studies estimating the impact of police oversight on crime rely on major policing scandals as shocks to examine the impact of oversight on crime. We argue that the simultaneous effect of public outrage on officer behavior and crime contaminates these results, and we provide a conceptual framework that distinguishes between oversight and outrage. We identify two events relating to unexpected court rulings in Chicago that increased oversight and caused a decline in reported misconduct but had virtually no public reaction. Despite the decrease in reported misconduct, crime and officer activity were unaffected. We contrast this with a major policing scandal, after which we find both a rise in crime rates without an equivalent increase in arrests and a decline in officer stops and use of force. Our results suggest that police oversight can reduce misconduct without increasing crime.

Essays In Law And Economics

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Author : Sarath Sanga
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011

Essays In Law And Economics written by Sarath Sanga and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.

This Dissertation consists of three empirical applications on the economics of crime and law enforcement. Chapter 1 uses over 200,000 patrol stops conducted by the Oakland Police Department to estimate differences in policing behavior among black, white, Hispanic, and Asian officers. In contrast to previous studies which consider average differences at the city or state level, this study uses individual officers' patrol assignments and the exact date, time, and geographic coordinates of each stop to identify between-officer differences. The data indicate little to no differences across officer race on average, but substantial differences within neighborhoods. In general, minority officers less intensely police all races in minority neighborhoods, but more intensely police all races in white neighborhoods relative to their white officer peers. A model of police behavior with imperfect information offers one explanation for this result. In the model, an unbiased officer with relatively high ability to interpret suspect behavior polices with relatively low intensity. The observed outcomes are then consistent with officers possessing neighborhood-specific informational advantages in policing, particularly with respect to their own race. That is, minority officers better interpret suspect behavior in minority neighborhoods, while white officers better interpret suspect behavior in white neighborhoods. Simulation results suggest that small differences in interpretative ability (modeled as noise in signals observed by the officer) can generate the observed magnitudes. Chapter 2, which is coauthored with Justin McCrary, presents evidence from six data sets on the participation of youth in crime near the age of criminal majority. The evidence suggests smooth behavior through the transition to adulthood, despite substantial changes in punitiveness, and is consistent with small deterrence effects of long prisons sentences for young offenders. Chapter 3 reconsiders the empirical analysis of Knowles, Persico, and Todd (2001). Knowles, Persico, and Todd (2001) presents a model of police and motorist behavior in the context of vehicle searches, and tests it using data from Maryland. The main implication of the Knowles et al. model is that in the absence of racial discrimination, the proportion of searches yielding drugs (or ''hit rate'') will be equated across races. A relatively low hit rate for any group suggests that police may improve their overall hit rate by shifting resources away from that group, and is thus evidence toward discrimination. Using data on vehicle searches by Maryland State Police, they find no bias against blacks relative to whites, but significant bias against white females and particularly Hispanics. However, while their study focused on searches occurring along Interstate 95, this study considers all vehicle searches in Maryland, both for the time period studied in Knowles, Persico, and Todd (2001) (1995--1999) and in more recent years (1995--2006). The main results suggest substantially lower hit rates for blacks for searches occurring off Interstate 95, though almost no difference for searches on Interstate 95.