Essays On The Economics Of Policing And Crime
DOWNLOAD
Download Essays On The Economics Of Policing And Crime PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Essays On The Economics Of Policing And Crime book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Essays On The Economics Of Policing And Crime
DOWNLOAD
Author : Roman Gabriel Rivera
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Essays On The Economics Of Policing And Crime written by Roman Gabriel Rivera and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Previous studies estimating the impact of police oversight on crime rely on major policing scandals as shocks to examine the impact of oversight on crime. We argue that the simultaneous effect of public outrage on officer behavior and crime contaminates these results, and we provide a conceptual framework that distinguishes between oversight and outrage. We identify two events relating to unexpected court rulings in Chicago that increased oversight and caused a decline in reported misconduct but had virtually no public reaction. Despite the decrease in reported misconduct, crime and officer activity were unaffected. We contrast this with a major policing scandal, after which we find both a rise in crime rates without an equivalent increase in arrests and a decline in officer stops and use of force. Our results suggest that police oversight can reduce misconduct without increasing crime.
Essays On The Economics Of Crime And Policing
DOWNLOAD
Author : Ariana Matsa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Essays On The Economics Of Crime And Policing written by Ariana Matsa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Policing Discrimination And Crime
DOWNLOAD
Author : Justin Reed McCrary
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Policing Discrimination And Crime written by Justin Reed McCrary and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Essays On The Economics Of Law Enforcement Institutions And Policy
DOWNLOAD
Author : Emily Karen Weisburst
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Essays On The Economics Of Law Enforcement Institutions And Policy written by Emily Karen Weisburst and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
This dissertation consists of three chapters on the economics of law enforcement institutions and policy. In the first chapter, I examine the importance of individual police officers to arrest outcomes in interactions with civilians. I show that the likelihood of an arrest is not only a function of incident timing, geography, offense type, and other contextual factors but also critically depends on the identity of the police officer who responds to a call for service. Examining detailed data on more than 1,850 police officers responding to over 160,000 calls for service from the Dallas Police Department, I find that officers vary widely in their arrest behavior, with a 1 standard deviation increase in an officer’s propensity to arrest resulting in a 33% increase in the likelihood that a given incident results in an arrest. In the second chapter, I investigate the impact of police hiring on crime rates in municipalities in the U.S. In this chapter, I use a novel estimation approach to which exploits variation in federal Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) hiring grants, while also controlling for the endogenous decisions of police departments to apply for these grants. Using data from nearly 7,000 municipalities, I find that a 10% increase in police employment rates reduces violent crime rates by 13% and property crime rates by 7%. The results also provide suggestive evidence that law enforcement leaders are forward-looking. In the third chapter, I explore the impact of police on student discipline and academic outcomes. This chapter provides the first causal estimate of funding for school police on student outcomes, leveraging variation in federal Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) grants. Exploiting detailed data on over 2.5 million students in Texas, I find that funding for police in public schools results in a small but significant reduction in high school graduation and college enrollment.
Essays On The Economics Of Crime
DOWNLOAD
Author : Aaron James Chalfin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Essays On The Economics Of Crime written by Aaron James Chalfin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
This dissertation considers the role that of various inputs in informing the market for crimes. Chapter 1 considers the "national" effect of immigration. Using panel data on U.S. cities and an instrument that leverages temporal variation in rainfall in different regions of Mexico and persistence in regional Mexico-U.S. migration networks, my findings indicate that Mexican immigration is associated with no appreciable change in the rate of either violent or property crimes in U.S. cities. Chapter 2 leverages a natural experiment created by recent legislation in Arizona to estimate the impact on crime of an extremely large and discrete decline in the state's foreign-born Mexican population. I show that Arizona's foreign-born Mexican population decreased by as much as 20 percent in the wake of the state's 2008 implementation of the Legal Arizona Workers Act (LAWA), a broad-based E-Verify law requiring employers to verify the immigration status of new employees, coupled with severe sanctions for employer noncompliance. In order to isolate the causal effect of the passage and implementation of LAWA on crime, I leverage a synthetic "differences-in-differences" estimator, using a new method of counterfactual estimation proposed by Abadie, Diamond and Hainmuller (2010). In contrast to previous literature, I find significant and large effects of Mexican immigration on Arizona's property crime rate. Results are driven, in large part, by the fact that LAWA resulted in especially disproportionate declines among Mexican migrants who are young and male and, as such, the effects are predominantly compositional. The final chapter, coauthored with Justin McCrary, considers the responsiveness of crime to police manpower. Using a new panel data set on crime in medium to large U.S. cities over 1960- 2010, we show that (1) year-over-year changes in police per capita are largely idiosyncratic to demographic factors, the local economy, city budgets, measures of social disorganization, and recent changes in crime rates, (2) year-over-year changes in police per capita are mismeasured, leading many estimates in the literature to be too small by a factor of 5, and (3) after correcting for measurement error bias and controlling for population growth, a regression of within-state differences in year-over-year changes in city crimes on within-state differences in year-over-year changes in police yields economically large point estimates. Our estimates imply that each dollar spent on police is associated with approximately $1.60 in reduced victimization costs, suggesting that U.S. cities employ too few police.
Policing
DOWNLOAD
Author : Tim Newburn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Policing written by Tim Newburn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Police categories.
"Bringing together a range of leading social scientists and criminologists, this volume explores a number of key themes raised by the work of Robert Reiner. Arguably the leading policing scholar of his generation, Reiner's work over some 40 years has ranged broadly in this field, taking in the study of police history, culture, organisation, elites and relationships with the media. Always carefully situated within an analysis of the changing socio-political circumstances of policing and crime control, Robert Reiner's scholarship has been path-breaking in its impact. The 13 original essays in this volume are testament to Reiner's influence. Although reflecting the primarily British bent within his work, the essays also draw on contributors from Australia, Europe, South Africa and the United States to explore some of the leading debates of the moment. These include, but are not limited to, the impact of neo-liberalism on crime control and the challenges for modern social democracy; police culture, equality and political economy; new media and the future of policing; youth, policing and democracy, and the challenges and possibilities posed by globalisation in the fields of policing and security"--Provided by publisher.
Essays In Law And Economics
DOWNLOAD
Author : Sarath Sanga
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Essays In Law And Economics written by Sarath Sanga and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
This Dissertation consists of three empirical applications on the economics of crime and law enforcement. Chapter 1 uses over 200,000 patrol stops conducted by the Oakland Police Department to estimate differences in policing behavior among black, white, Hispanic, and Asian officers. In contrast to previous studies which consider average differences at the city or state level, this study uses individual officers' patrol assignments and the exact date, time, and geographic coordinates of each stop to identify between-officer differences. The data indicate little to no differences across officer race on average, but substantial differences within neighborhoods. In general, minority officers less intensely police all races in minority neighborhoods, but more intensely police all races in white neighborhoods relative to their white officer peers. A model of police behavior with imperfect information offers one explanation for this result. In the model, an unbiased officer with relatively high ability to interpret suspect behavior polices with relatively low intensity. The observed outcomes are then consistent with officers possessing neighborhood-specific informational advantages in policing, particularly with respect to their own race. That is, minority officers better interpret suspect behavior in minority neighborhoods, while white officers better interpret suspect behavior in white neighborhoods. Simulation results suggest that small differences in interpretative ability (modeled as noise in signals observed by the officer) can generate the observed magnitudes. Chapter 2, which is coauthored with Justin McCrary, presents evidence from six data sets on the participation of youth in crime near the age of criminal majority. The evidence suggests smooth behavior through the transition to adulthood, despite substantial changes in punitiveness, and is consistent with small deterrence effects of long prisons sentences for young offenders. Chapter 3 reconsiders the empirical analysis of Knowles, Persico, and Todd (2001). Knowles, Persico, and Todd (2001) presents a model of police and motorist behavior in the context of vehicle searches, and tests it using data from Maryland. The main implication of the Knowles et al. model is that in the absence of racial discrimination, the proportion of searches yielding drugs (or ''hit rate'') will be equated across races. A relatively low hit rate for any group suggests that police may improve their overall hit rate by shifting resources away from that group, and is thus evidence toward discrimination. Using data on vehicle searches by Maryland State Police, they find no bias against blacks relative to whites, but significant bias against white females and particularly Hispanics. However, while their study focused on searches occurring along Interstate 95, this study considers all vehicle searches in Maryland, both for the time period studied in Knowles, Persico, and Todd (2001) (1995--1999) and in more recent years (1995--2006). The main results suggest substantially lower hit rates for blacks for searches occurring off Interstate 95, though almost no difference for searches on Interstate 95.
Essays On The Economics Of Crime
DOWNLOAD
Author : Peter Michael Bearse
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Essays On The Economics Of Crime written by Peter Michael Bearse and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Crime categories.
Essays On The Economics Of Crime
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Essays On The Economics Of Crime written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Essays On The Economics Of Law Enforcement
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Essays On The Economics Of Law Enforcement written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Chapter 1: Spatial Tests for Racial Bias in the NYPD's Stop, Question & Frisk Program This paper introduces a model that allows investigators to determine whether police officers exhibit taste based racial bias when selecting suspects for interdiction, as well as whether suspect responses to police interdiction vary by race. Using data provided by the New York Police Department I estimate that African-American suspects are less likely than their white counterparts to be found in possession of contraband when searched by police. This finding is robust to alternative modeling assumptions and is consistent with racially biased policing within my model. Chapter 2: A Hedonic Analysis of Stop & Frisk's Amenity Value This paper measures the value households place on street-level intensive policing practices. It utilizes a large, spatially detailed data set that includes more than one hundred thousand real property sales and four million police-citizen encounters in New York City from 2006-2012. A hedonic analysis of this data shows that the New York Police Department's practice of Stop, Question & Frisk policing was likely seen as a neighborhood disamenity by home buyers. Using finely partitioned geographical areas to control for variation in omitted variables and spatial statistics to precisely describe location relative to surrounding amenities and disamenities, I find that properties exposed to more intense Stop & Frisk activity sold for significantly lower prices. Chapter 3: Evaluating the Economic Impact of Proposition 47 Proposition 47 was a California ballot initiative that reclassifies many felony crimes as misdemeanors if they are non-serious, non-sexual, and non-violent. Passed by voters in November, 2014, the law immediately caused the retroactive release of more than 3,000 prisoners who had been convicted of felonies that would be misdemeanors under the new law. This chapter offers evidence related to the costs and benefits associated with the release of these prisoners, as well as the diversion of an expected 40,000 more offenders each year who will no longer face felony charges. Preliminary estimates reveal the economic benefits outweigh the costs nearly 3-to-1.