Essays On The Economics Of Immigration And Intergenerational Mobility
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Essays On The Economics Of Immigration And Intergenerational Mobility
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Author : Tung Xuan Dang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Essays On The Economics Of Immigration And Intergenerational Mobility written by Tung Xuan Dang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Despite a substantial amount of research carried out over the past few decades to understand the economic impact of immigration and the determinants of intergenerational mobility, many important questions remain unanswered. Taking advantage of recently available large-scale administrative, household, and firm data, as well as latest developments in causal inference techniques, this dissertation makes forays into three relatively uncharted research areas on these topics. On the economic impact of immigration, the first chapter examines demand-side effects on local labor markets and firms-effects that arise not from an increase in immigration-induced local labor supply, which has hitherto been a focal point in the immigration literature, but from an increase in consumption-induced demand for local goods and services. To isolate these effects, the empirical analysis focuses on the growing presence of international students in the United States, most of whom are not able to undertake paid employment throughout their courses of study but have been generating a substantial amount of spending in local economies surrounding universities and colleges. Using a shift-share instrumental variable estimation approach and, in particular, quasi-experimental variation drawn from fluctuations in the outflows of students across countries of origin to other English-speaking destinations, I show that international students lead to substantial increases in local jobs and earnings: one additional student per thousand residents increases the employment-to-population ratio by 0.31 percentage points and average wages by 0.69 percent. These effects are concentrated in non-tradable industries, particularly in construction, retail, and services. Furthermore, local demand shocks induced by an increase in international student enrollment result in significant within-industry labor reallocations as more efficient firms are created and expand while the least efficient ones contract and exit. These results are consistent with general equilibrium models with heterogeneous firms and highlight important economic benefits from international students in the form of increases in local income and aggregate productivity. On intergenerational mobility, the second chapter studies the importance of intra-household bargaining in mediating how family resources determine children's participation in higher education. Using labor force and household survey data from Indonesia, this chapter shows evidence consistent with Nash-bargaining models of household decision making, whereby changes in women's outside options relative to men's result in more decisions made within the household by women, especially those related to expenditures on children. Accordingly, relative improvements in women's bargaining power when children graduate from high school significantly increase their likelihood of university enrollment, holding household resources and children's ability indicators constant. This effect is quantitatively similar for both boys and girls. The third and final chapter further examines risk aversion as one of the sources of within-household differences in parental demand for children's higher education. Consistent with the documented evidence of a non-unitary model of household decision-making, I find that both fathers' and mothers' risk aversion significantly decrease children's tendency to enroll in higher education, although the effects depend critically on the distribution of intra-household bargaining power. Furthermore, parental risk aversion also affects children's labor market entry upon high school graduation. Overall, these findings highlight the roles of parental risk preferences and intra-household bargaining dynamics as important mechanisms that contribute to intergenerational persistence in economic outcomes.
Immigrants Schooling And Social Mobility
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Author : H. Vermeulen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2000-09-04
Immigrants Schooling And Social Mobility written by H. Vermeulen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-09-04 with Social Science categories.
Immigrants, Schooling and Social Mobility confronts a central issue in the study of immigration and ethnicity - the opposition between culture and structure - and presents a collection of essays that transcend simplistic either/or approaches to this issue. The contributors explore educational and economic mobility of immigrant groups in Europe and America.
Essays On Migration And Intergenerational Mobility
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Essays On Migration And Intergenerational Mobility written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Essays On The Economics Of Intergenerational Mobility And More
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Essays On The Economics Of Intergenerational Mobility And More written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Foundations Of Migration Economics
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Author : George J. Borjas
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019
Foundations Of Migration Economics written by George J. Borjas and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Business & Economics categories.
The book presents research papers published over the past four decades by leading economists George J. Borjas and Barry R. Chiswick on the economics of international migration.
Essays On Migration And Intergenerational Mobility
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Author : Jan Stuhler
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Essays On Migration And Intergenerational Mobility written by Jan Stuhler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Migration Education And Income
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Author : Isaac Charles Rischall
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Migration Education And Income written by Isaac Charles Rischall and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
Three Essays On The Economics Of Immigration And Education
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Author : Karmen Suen
language : en
Publisher: ProQuest
Release Date : 2008
Three Essays On The Economics Of Immigration And Education written by Karmen Suen and has been published by ProQuest this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Education categories.
In the first chapter of this thesis, the 1995 TIMSS eighth-grade mathematics score is used to proxy for home country education quality for U.S. immigrants. On average, a one standard deviation increase in TIMSS magnifies the marginal returns to post-migrational education by 0.83 percentage points. This pre-migrational education quality effect remains positive and significant for individuals at the 25th percentile of the conditional wage distribution. In addition, diminishing returns to post-migrational years of schooling is observed at all wage quantiles, but evidence is mixed in regards to pre-migrational years of education. Using the 2000 Census, the second paper finds that, compared to another immigrant holding a job that requires less human-interaction, an immigrant worker who possesses knowledge in speaking a non-English language and who works in a human-interaction-intensive occupation would enjoy an average wage benefit of 4.47%. For an immigrant, other immigrants from a different home country are perceived as complements, while those from the same country of origin would be substitutes. Moreover, a one standard deviation increase in bilateral trade volume between the United States and the immigrant's country of origin is predicted to enhance the immigrant's returns to working in the Wholesale Trade industry by 3.36% on average, a pattern that is very different for immigrants whose country of origin uses English as an official language. A positive relationship between parental involvement in reading-related activities before the student began schooling and the student's 2001 PIRLS test score is found in the third chapter. On average, having a parent who played alphabet toys, played word games, and read signs and labels out loud during the student's preschool years is predicted to carry an effect size of 0.2, holding other attributes constant. However, the effect of watching reading programs on television on this test score seems negative. Under a quantile regression framework, the effect of these parental inputs continues to be observed for students belonging to the 25th quantile of the conditional score distribution. Lastly, these academic variables are predicted to not affect an immigrant student's PIRLS score, although small sample size may be an issue.
Essays On The Economics Of Immigration In The United States
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Author : Thomas Joseph Murray
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Essays On The Economics Of Immigration In The United States written by Thomas Joseph Murray and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Education categories.
Essays On The Economics Of Immigration And Crime
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Author : Elisa Jacome
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Essays On The Economics Of Immigration And Crime written by Elisa Jacome and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
This dissertation consists of three chapters in public and labor economics. A theme throughout these chapters is using empirical analysis to study the outcomes of low-income and immigrant individuals in the United States as well as the effects of public policies on these communities. Chapter 1 explores whether access to mental healthcare can reduce criminal activity. Specifically, I study the effect of losing insurance coverage on low-income men's likelihood of incarceration using administrative data from South Carolina. Leveraging a discrete break in Medicaid coverage at age 19, I find that men who lose access to Medicaid eligibility are 15% more likely to be incarcerated in the subsequent two years relative to a matched comparison group. The effects are entirely driven by men with mental health histories, suggesting that losing access to mental healthcare plays an important role in explaining the observed rise in crime. Cost-benefit analyses show that expanding Medicaid eligibility to low-income young men is a cost-effective policy for reducing crime, especially relative to traditional approaches like increasing the severity of criminal sanctions. Chapter 2 documents that immigration policies affect an individual's willingness to report crime. I analyze the 2015 Priority Enforcement Program (PEP), which focused immigration enforcement on individuals convicted of serious crimes and shifted resources away from immigration-related offenses. I use data from the Dallas Police Department that include a complainant's ethnicity to show that Hispanic-reported incidents increased by 8% after the introduction of PEP. These results suggest that reducing enforcement of individuals who do not pose a threat to public safety can potentially improve trust between immigrant communities and the police. Finally, in Chapter 3, Ran Abramitzky, Leah Boustan, Santiago Perez, and I find that children of immigrants from nearly every sending country have higher rates of upward mobility than children of the US-born. Using millions of father-son pairs spanning more than 100 years of US history, we show that immigrants' advantage is similar historically and today despite dramatic shifts in sending countries and US immigration policy. Immigrants achieve this advantage in part by choosing to settle in locations that offer better prospects for their children.