Essays On The Effects Of Demographics On Household Consumption
DOWNLOAD
Download Essays On The Effects Of Demographics On Household Consumption PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Essays On The Effects Of Demographics On Household Consumption book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Essays On The Effects Of Demographics On Household Consumption
DOWNLOAD
Author : Ekaterina Stepanova
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Essays On The Effects Of Demographics On Household Consumption written by Ekaterina Stepanova and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Consumption (Economics) categories.
Essays On Household Consumption
DOWNLOAD
Author : Matias Felix Barenstein
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Essays On Household Consumption written by Matias Felix Barenstein and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Essays On Household Consumption And Income Underreporting
DOWNLOAD
Author : Merike Kuuk
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Essays On Household Consumption And Income Underreporting written by Merike Kuuk and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Nations And Households In Economic Growth
DOWNLOAD
Author : Moses Abramovitz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
Nations And Households In Economic Growth written by Moses Abramovitz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Economic policy categories.
Nations and Households in Economic Growth.
The Allocation Of Time And Goods
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
The Allocation Of Time And Goods written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Consumption (Economics) categories.
Consumers' shopping behavior connects market goods expenditure with the out-of-market time allocation in their daily time use. This study is composed of three essays. In the first essay, data are collected from the American Time Use Survey and it is found that an indvidual's time devoted to shopping is positively determined by opportunity cost of time. Grocery shopping and other shopping, as two distinct types of shopping, react differently to a series of individual and household characteristics as well as by seasons. The corresponding marginal effects also differentiate between shopping time, leisure time, and home production time. In regards to gender difference, females dominate in amount of shopping time, and males and females respond differently on change of time due to change in economic status. The second essay examines the demand for market goods as an important factor in the process of household production. The researcher analyzes food and non-food expenditures of households in the United States using the 2002 and 2003 Current Population Survey Food Security Supplements. The results reveal the relationship between earned income and food purchased for home consumption, food purchased in restaurants, and non-food grocery goods purchases. It is found that expenditure for food to be consumed at home is related positively to income, while the share of total purchase devoted to home consumption is negatively related to income. Demographic variables and socioeconomic variables are found to play important roles in expenditure determination. In the third essay, a joint examination of shopping time and shopping expenditures is performed by merging the data from the researcher's time use study and expenditure study. The results of this paper show that shopping time and goods expenditure are related positively, so that the complementarities exist between grocery shopping time and grocery expenditure for American households.
Three Essays On Location And Household Welfare
DOWNLOAD
Author : Ayesha Enver
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Three Essays On Location And Household Welfare written by Ayesha Enver and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Abstract: The underlying theme connecting my three chapters is the importance of location in influencing the dynamics of household welfare. I consider how economic forces associated with convergence in welfare across households and regions interplay with forces that spur divergence. If there exist increasing returns to community attributes in production, households in poorer communities may fall into a poverty trap. My first chapter, "Rural-Urban Migration and the Intergenerational Transmission of Wealth", explores the various channels by which rural-urban migration affects the intergenerational transmission of wealth in the rural region. I incorporate rural-urban migration, human capital externalities, and regional agglomeration effects into Galor and Zeira's (1993) overlapping generations model. I formalize the conditions that may induce a rural brain-drain and explore the welfare impacts of various person-based and place-based policies under different goods and housing production technologies. Simulations of the model show that for less fluidity in substitution between capital and land in housing technology, well-intended person-based policies such as education subsidies directed towards poorer rural households may distort incentives to migrate to the more productive region. However, the person-based policy does reduce inequality in the rural region and prevents households from falling into a poverty trap. On the other hand, the person-based policy facilitates migration to the city when there is greater technical substitutability in housing production. In the case of place-based policies, where tax revenues are invested in enhancing rural firm productivity, the benefits of the policy may not trickle down to the poorest rural households in the absence of substantial gains in productivity. Average rural household welfare is higher when a place-based policy is implemented but some households may still fall into a poverty trap. My second chapter, "Mobility and Poverty: The Impact of Population Change and Assisted Migration on Household Consumption Growth in Indonesia", evaluates the impact of village population changes and the transmigration program on household productivity in Indonesia using the Indonesian Family Life Survey. I first address possible endogeneity arising from the selection of transmigration sites in a model of household consumption growth by instrumental variables estimation. The initial IV estimation suggests that growth in village population is positively and significantly associated with household consumption growth, while the level of population is negatively associated with consumption growth. I further address the possibility that population change may be endogenous if community demand shocks correlated with higher productivity attracted households to the community. When population change is instrumented for, in addition to transmigration, the estimates for population increase and population levels cease to be significant. In terms of policy recommendations, the results do not indicate any benefits from transmigration, but they neither provide any evidence to substantiate the claims made by opponents of the program. The third chapter, "Is It Harder for Rural American Families to move up the Intergenerational Economic Ladder", is a preliminary analysis of how location affects intergenerational mobility of children from rural American households. I use wealth data from the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics to explore whether children of parents who lived in a rural county are more tied, as adults, to their parent's wealth than children from suburban or urban families. OLS estimates show that economic status is significantly more persistent for families who lived in a rural county that was not adjacent to a metropolitan region. However, when parent's wealth is instrumented by education, the intergenerational wealth elasticity of rural families no longer remains significant.
Essays In International And Development Economics
DOWNLOAD
Author : Nicholas Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Essays In International And Development Economics written by Nicholas Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Standard analysis of consumer behavior uses theory and evidence on quantities and prices to measure consumer welfare, particularly through the use of price indexes that capture the cost-of-living. In three essays I go beyond this standard analysis to analyze the impact of household variety, store variety, and energy requirements on food demand, consumption patterns and consumer welfare, with implications for several important topics in development and international economics. In the first essay I develop theoretical and empirical tools for analyzing variety-seeking behavior by households in a non-homothetic setting, showing how changes in the slope and intercept of ``variety Engel curves'' map into the level and distribution of consumer welfare in a way that is not captured by standard analysis. The ``cost'' of variety is introduced as an important concept for analysis that is distinct from price, e.g. the ``cost'' of quantity. The application to Indian food consumption indicates that increases in food variety over time and greater urban food variety are not attributable solely to income growth, with significant implications for both the size and distribution of welfare gains from variety. In the second essay, co-authored with Shari Eli, we continue to explore empirical patterns in Indian food consumption and draw attention to the decline in calorie intake at all expenditure levels. Once again the Engel curve is used as a guiding framework for the empirical analysis and once again there are changes in consumption patterns that are not explained by movements in prices and income alone. In this case the ``cost'' of calories is represented by the role of calories (as opposed to other food attributes) in satisfying household caloric requirements. Using data on time-use to impute caloric requirements and combining this with data on ownership of labor-saving durables, we find support for the hypothesis that a decline in energy requirements has had an important impact on variation in calorie intake over time and space, explaining most of the rural-urban discrepancy in calorie intake but only a modest share of the decline in calorie intake over time. In the third essay I examine product variety from the point of view of retailers rather than consumers, showing that differences in variety across different stores of a North American grocery retailer have large impacts on consumer welfare. I argue that these differences in variety can be largely attributed to differences in store size and international borders, and provide a stylized partial equilibrium model to analyze what factors influence the retailer's choice of store size in different locations. I find empirical support for the predictions of the model, with larger markets (higher income per capita, higher population density) leading to larger store size and variety while greater competition reduces store size and variety, with significant impacts on consumer welfare across different geographic areas.
Essays On Natural Shocks Household Welfare And Behaviour
DOWNLOAD
Author : Sirikarn Lertamphainont
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Essays On Natural Shocks Household Welfare And Behaviour written by Sirikarn Lertamphainont and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
This thesis is motivated by the significance of natural shocks for agricultural households in Thailand, which form the majority of the country's poor. It contributes to the existing literature by providing recent evidence from Thailand, where current research in this field is limited. Three empirical studies were carried out to examine the relationships between shocks, household welfare, and behaviour, using variations in the measures of shocks and across different contexts. The first study estimates the reduced-form effects of rainfall shocks on household income and consumption expenditure, and examines how farming households respond to such shocks. Two explicit measures of extreme rainfall events are constructed from a primary rainfall time series in order to track the incidence of excessive and deficit rainfall on the basis of the rainfall variability. The analysis is based on a pseudo-panel of repeated cross-sectional household surveys conducted between 2006 and 2010, combined with provincial-based measures of rainfall shocks. The results show evidence of consumption smoothing but not of income smoothing in which crop income is highly sensitive to rainfall shocks. Farming households can earn income from off-farm employment and asset sales in compensation for crop income loss. Landless households are more affected by rainfall shocks than better-off households. Dissaving and asset sales are prevalent options in response to extreme rainfall events. The second study considers a particular catastrophic event of the mega flood in 2011 and examines its impacts on household preferences, subjective expectations, and behaviour. This study draws on a survey that was conducted in 2014 in four key rice-growing provinces in Thailand's central, lower north, and north-east regions, which were severely affected by the flood. Experiencing the mega flood made non-flood-prone households more risk averse, more impatient, and more altruistic. They also adjusted upward their subjective expectations of future severe floods and public insurance, while reducing the dependability of social networks and self-reliance. The flood influenced households' behaviour, in that flooded households were less likely to have savings and to engage in self-insurance mechanisms, as well as to make productive investments, but more likely to take out crop insurance. The third study provides a comparative analysis of multiple types of shocks by analysing the distribution of shocks, their consequences, and how affected households cope with different shocks. Based on a panel survey of rural and urban households from 2010 and 2012, the results show that natural and health shocks are the most common shocks and that shocks are not uniformly distributed across households but vary according to demographics, livelihoods, and economic status. Imperfect consumption smoothing is evident in that households cannot fully insure their consumption against illnesses and economic shocks. The effects of shocks on household consumption and risk-coping responses also vary by wealth level. Shocks reduce consumption expenditure among poorer households but lead to overspending among richer households. Asset-abundant households are more likely to resort to their own savings or to deplete assets, while asset-poor and resource-constrained households prefer to cut their consumption expenditure or rely on external credit and assistance from relatives.
Impact Of Demographic Changes On Inflation And The Macroeconomy
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mr.Jong-Won Yoon
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2014-11-24
Impact Of Demographic Changes On Inflation And The Macroeconomy written by Mr.Jong-Won Yoon and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-24 with Social Science categories.
The ongoing demographic changes will bring about a substantial shift in the size and the age composition of the population, which will have significant impact on the global economy. Despite potentially grave consequences, demographic changes usually do not take center stage in many macroeconomic policy discussions or debates. This paper illustrates how demographic variables move over time and analyzes how they influence macroeconomic variables such as economic growth, inflation, savings and investment, and fiscal balances, from an empirical perspective. Based on empirical findings—particularly regarding inflation—we discuss their implications on macroeconomic policies, including monetary policy. We also highlight the need to consider the interactions between population dynamics and macroeconomic variables in macroeconomic policy decisions.
An Essay On China S Development After The Demographic Golden Age
DOWNLOAD
Author : Xueyuan Tian
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-03-17
An Essay On China S Development After The Demographic Golden Age written by Xueyuan Tian and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-17 with Political Science categories.
This book mainly addresses China’s current demographic situation and social people-related policies. It aims to solve the issues of demographic transition, population aging, population flow, urbanization, population quality, etc. China is the first large population country, with the vast territory and the huge economic system. It has many issues such as productivity and production relations, superstructure and economic base, and domestic and international relations in various fields and at all levels. Hence, China needs to come up with a set of overall strategies. The author sorts out all of his works in recent years and performs his new academic achievements on demographic issues and social governing strategies. This timely book offers new methods that impact advanced social development with real data.