Essays On The Housing Market And Home Prices

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Essays On The Housing Market And Home Prices

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Author : Calvin Zhang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

Essays On The Housing Market And Home Prices written by Calvin Zhang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.

This dissertation consists of three chapters that concern the housing market and home prices. The first chapter analyzes why foreclosures were more prevalent than short sales despite the advantages that short sales offered. The Great Recession led to widespread mortgage defaults, with borrowers resorting to both foreclosures and short sales to resolve their defaults. I first quantify the economic impact of foreclosures relative to short sales by comparing the home price implications of both. After accounting for omitted variable bias, I find that homes selling as a short sale transact at 8.5% higher prices on average than those that sell after foreclosure. Short sales also exert smaller negative externalities than foreclosures, with one short sale decreasing nearby property values by one percentage point less than a foreclosure. So why weren't short sales more prevalent? These home-price benefits did not increase the prevalence of short sales because free rents during foreclosures caused more borrowers to select foreclosures, even though higher advances led servicers to prefer more short sales. In states with longer foreclosure timelines, the benefits from foreclosures increased for borrowers, so short sales were less utilized. I find that one standard deviation increase in the average length of the foreclosure process decreased the short sale share by 0.35-0.45 standard deviation. My results suggest that policies that increase the relative attractiveness of short sales could help stabilize distressed housing markets. The second chapter analyzes how the housing market captures the efficiency of public goods. This chapter is co-authored with David Schönholzer. In the U.S., 36 million people live in unincorporated communities without separate municipal government, instead receiving limited local public goods by counties and special districts. This paper formalizes and empirically quantifies the extent of sorting induced by this arrangement of local governance. Based on predictions of a Tiebout model with heterogeneous income and preferences, we document the effect of municipal governance on housing supply, house prices, land prices, and public goods. We use a boundary discontinuity design and an event study design with administrative data from all boundary changes of 189 Californian cities, combined with the universe of individual property sales over the years 1988-2013. We find considerable sorting induced by municipal boundaries and their changes: sales prices are around $6,000 higher in municipalities and land values are 20% higher. Both housing supply and land values increase substantially after annexation. Changes in per capita expenditures and increases in the quality of police services provide suggestive evidence for public goods as the key mechanism for sorting. The third chapter analyzes the effects of real estate investments by foreign Chinese on local economies in the United States. This chapter is co-authored with Zhimin Li and Leslie Sheng Shen. Starting in 2007, the U.S. witnessed an unprecedented surge in housing purchases by foreign Chinese. We exploit cross-local-area variation in the concentration of Chinese population stemming from pre-sample period differences in Chinese population settlement to identify the economic effects of these investments. Using detailed transaction-level housing purchase data, we find housing investment by foreigners induces higher local area housing net wealth, leading to higher local employment in the non-tradable sectors. Our results suggest the improvement in household balance sheet resulting from capital inflow for housing investment in the U.S. played a mitigating role for the domestic economy during the Great Recession. Based on our empirical findings, we develop a framework that incorporates the housing net worth channel for interpreting the empirical estimates. Our evidence highlight the role of capital inflow and foreign investments on the domestic output and employment, especially in times of economic downturns.

Essays On Housing Prices

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Author : Yifan Chen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022

Essays On Housing Prices written by Yifan Chen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.

This dissertation examines the dynamics between housing prices, firms, and households. The first chapter focuses on sequential information revelation in the housing markets; the second chapter investigates the impact of house price appreciation on the returns of value versus growth firms; the third chapter estimates the effect of gun control on home values. In Chapter 1, I use Amazon's progressive revelation of its new headquarters locations in Virginia and New York to demonstrate that the housing market fully incorporates information about future demand well before disclosure. Spatial difference-in-differences analysis shows that housing prices near the Virginia headquarters exhibit 4.9% premia before Amazon's headquarters decision but no additional increase upon decision. Price premia for New York reach 17.5% before the decision but disappear once Amazon cancels the headquarters. Other finalist cities exhibit no price premia, precluding the possibility of speculation. Overall, this study suggests that the housing market can quickly incorporate private information about future demand shocks. In Chapter 2, I investigate the value-growth premium puzzle by merging insights from urban economics and finance that relate firm location to its stock performance. The value-growth premium in locations with high historical house price appreciation is 3.6% per year larger than the premium in areas that experienced little house price appreciation. The results support investment-based models explaining the value premium; moreover I find the house price channel reduces returns of growth firms rather than increasing returns of value firms. House price appreciation remains significant after controlling for common explanations of the premium. In Chapter 3, using cross-border variation in the timing of state gun control law passage dates, I find that the introduction of universal background checks for gun sales results in a roughly 2.3 percent decline in housing prices on average. I find a more significant decrease in housing prices, i.e., up to 5.3 percent, if the state is neighboring a Republican rather than a Democratic state. This result is robust to several specification tests and does not appear to be associated with neighborhood crime rate changes.

Essays On Housing Markets

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Author : Christian Landers Redfearn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000

Essays On Housing Markets written by Christian Landers Redfearn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with categories.

Essays In Real Estate

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Author : Steven Stelk
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Essays In Real Estate written by Steven Stelk and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Electronic dissertations categories.

This study exploits the recent financial crises as a unique natural experiment to examine relationships in residential real estate brokerage and real estate investment through three essays. The first essay examines the impact of agency disclosure on residential restate transactions in the post-financial crises period and extends the literature with three key findings. First, the overall proportion of buyers that report receipt of agency disclosure has not improved since previous studies were completed. Second, there is no evidence that buyers who do not report receipt of agency disclosure pay different prices for homes than buyers who do report receiving agency disclosure. Finally, there is evidence that the timing of agency disclosure matters. Among buyers that do receive agency disclosure, those receiving disclosure at a time other than the first contact with a broker are associated with 3.2% higher home prices. The results demonstrate the need for continued improvement in mandatory disclosure statutes. The second essay investigates the real estate brokerage market's impact on home prices in both a seller's market (2006) and a buyer's market (2009). In both years, homes sold with brokerage assistance realized higher prices when compared to homes sold without the aid of a broker, even after controlling for selection bias in the seller's choice to use a broker. This is the first study using a national dataset that finds evidence of price segmentation in the residential real estate market. The findings may be the result of the extreme market conditions housing market participants faced in 2006 and 2009. The third essay examines the impact of REITs on the Value-at-Risk (VaR) of a mixed asset portfolio surrounding the financial crises using a new, more accurate method of estimating VaR, conditional autoregressive value at risk (CAViaR). The more accurate VaR estimates show that adding REITs to the portfolio has no significant impact on VaR until after the financial crises begins in 2006. After 2006, adding REITs to a portfolio of stocks and bonds dramatically increases VaR. The results have significant implications for portfolio selection.

Essays In Housing Markets

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Author : Nadezda Andreevna Kotova
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021

Essays In Housing Markets written by Nadezda Andreevna Kotova and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.

This dissertation studies inefficiencies and riskiness in the US housing market. In Chapter I, coauthored with Anthony Lee Zhang, we study liquidity in residential real estate markets and show that market illiquidity is a key determinant of individual house price risk. In Chapter II, coauthored with Zi Yang Kang, we study how the quality of houses traded in a market evolves in the presence of predictable cyclical changes in market conditions. Chapter III studies how industrial concentration creates risk concentration through amplified pass-through of industry-specific productivity shocks into local house prices, wages, and employment.

Three Essays On Sellers Behavior In The Housing Market

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Author : Svetoslava N. Alexandrova
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017

Three Essays On Sellers Behavior In The Housing Market written by Svetoslava N. Alexandrova and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.

Housing markets exhibit some puzzling behavior that cannot be completely explained by rational market dynamics. The neoclassical economic theory posits that rational sellers and rational buyers in the housing market will look at the current market price in order to determine a value of a property. Studies, however, show that physiological biases may affect the decision- making process of both sellers and buyers.I examine the behavior of sellers in the housing market in three different settings. In Essay 1, I analyze the effects of the health of the housing market on mobility. In Essay 2, I study the effects of sellers' loss aversion on listing price and time on the market within the prospect theory framework. In Essay 3, I focus on identifying stress in the housing market by developing a stress index and commencing the design of an Early Warning System that incorporates signals from the market and behaviors from sellers to indicate increasing levels of pressure. I utilize a data set of private home sale transactions of corporate relocations for the period 2004-2014. The results of the first study from the stepwise logit models on series of economic variables and demographic factors show that relocating employees facing negative equity situations and equity less than 5% of home value have a greater chance of rejecting relocation while economic factors like affordability and credit availability have a positive effect on their ability to move. Essay 2 results indicate that a seller who faces a loss will set up an asking price 5.69 percent higher than they would otherwise. Additionally, sellers facing a loss will experience a reduction in the hazard rate of sale resulting in longer time on the market while income and family status have effect on loss aversion and time on market. In the last essay, I hypothesize that economic signals and home sellers' behaviors can explain the variability of the housing market stress index proxied by a transformed S&P 500/Case Shiller Index. The preliminary results of the autoregressive models find that housing variables and market expectations of the 'informed sellers' have statistically significant explanatory power.

Four Essays On Housing Market Dynamics

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Author : Yasuhiro Nakagami
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989

Four Essays On Housing Market Dynamics written by Yasuhiro Nakagami and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Housing categories.

House Prices And Household Behavior

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Author : Kevin Russell Krivacsy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

House Prices And Household Behavior written by Kevin Russell Krivacsy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with City planning categories.

Residential property values have only recently recovered from the effects of the Great Recession and the housing bubble and burst. During this period, cities were not collecting as much tax revenue as predicted because of depressed housing prices and the global economy suffered greatly because of it.Economists and others have studied the causes of the instability in property values in recent years from many angles. Their research has been influential in explaining what happened to the housing market during that time. Yet, what is missing is a detailed level analysis of how the spatial structure of our cities may contribute to this instability or stability in residential property values and a better understanding of their local dynamics.While economists are likely correct in their macroeconomic focus, there is still room for research on the role that local factors may have played or will play in the determination of residential property values. Even within metropolitan areas, there may have been a difference in magnitude of property value fluctuation.Therefore, this study focuses on the extent to which the urban form may contribute to overall economic stability as seen through the stability of residential property values. This research builds on past research by 1) incorporating more detailed and accurate neighborhood measures, 2) contributing to the literature by conducting cointegration at a very local level and 3) assessing the impact that neighborhood, demographic and economic attributes at the local level may have on the long-term stability of property values in our urban areas.

Housing Markets And Policy

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Author : Peter Malpass
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2009-09-10

Housing Markets And Policy written by Peter Malpass and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-10 with Architecture categories.

This book of specially commissioned essays by distinguished housing scholars addresses the big issues in contemporary debates about housing and housing policy in the UK. Setting out a distinctive and coherent analysis, it steers a course between those accounts that rely on economic theory and analysis and those that emphasize policy. It is informed by the idea that the 1970s was a pivotal decade in the second half of the twentieth century, and that since that time there has been a profound transformation in the housing system and housing policy in the UK. The contributors describe, analyze and explain aspects of that transformation, as a basis for understanding the present and thinking about the future. The analysis of housing is set within an understanding of the wider changes affecting the economy and the welfare state since the crises of the mid 1970s.

Essays On Housing And Labor Markets

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Author : Bulent Guler
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Essays On Housing And Labor Markets written by Bulent Guler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Housing categories.

In the first chapter, I study the effects of innovations in information technology on the housing market. Specifically, I focus on the improved ability of lenders to assess the credit risk of home buyers, which has become possible with the emergence of automated underwriting systems in the United States in the mid-1990s. I develop a standard life-cycle model with incomplete markets and idiosyncratic income uncertainty. I explicitly model the housing tenure choice of the households: rent/purchase decision for renters and stay/sell/default decision for homeowners. Risk-free lenders offer mortgage contracts to prospective home buyers and the terms of these contracts depend on the observable characteristics of households. Households are born as either good credit risk types--having a high time discount factor--or bad types--having a low time discount factor. The type of the household is the only source of asymmetric information between households and lenders. I find that as lenders have better information about the type of households, the average down payment fraction decreases together with an increase in the average mortgage premium, the foreclosure rate, and the dispersions of mortgage interest rates and down payment fractions, which are consistent with the trends in the housing market in the last 15 years. From a welfare perspective, I find that better information, on average, makes households better off. In the second chapter, I focus on the labor market behavior of couples. Search theory routinely assumes that decisions about the acceptance/rejection of job offers (and, hence, about labor market movements between jobs or across employment states) are made by individuals acting in isolation. In reality, the vast majority of workers are somewhat tied to their partners--in couples and families--and decisions are made jointly. This chapter studies, from a theoretical viewpoint, the joint job-search and location problem of a household formed by a couple (e.g., husband and wife) who perfectly pool income. The objective of the exercise, very much in the spirit of standard search theory, is to characterize the reservation wage behavior of the couple and compare it to the single-agent search model in order to understand the ramifications of partnerships for individual labor market outcomes and wage dynamics. We focus on two main cases. First, when couples are risk averse and pool income, joint-search yields new opportunities--similar to on-the job search--relative to the single-agent search. Second, when couples face offers from multiple locations and a cost of living apart, joint-search features new frictions and can lead to significantly worse outcomes than single-agent search. Finally, in the third chapter, I focus on the relation between house prices and interest rates. Although interest rates and housing prices seem mostly to have a negative relation in the data, the relation does not seem to be stable. For example, the recent run up in the global housing prices is generally explained by globally low interest rates. On the other hand, there have been periods where housing prices and interest rates moved together. Motivated by these observations, I formulate a two period OLG model to find out the form of the relationship between interest rates and housing prices. It appears that the distribution of homeownership is also important for housing price dynamics. I show that housing prices in the equilibrium do not always have a negative relation with interest rates.