Essays On The Impact Of International Trade And Labor Regulation On Firms
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Essays On The Impact Of International Trade And Labor Regulation On Firms
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Author : Gabriel Smagghue
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Essays On The Impact Of International Trade And Labor Regulation On Firms written by Gabriel Smagghue and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Recent literature in international economics and macroeconomics has pointed to the major role played by large firms in shaping aggregate economic outcomes. Large firms influence, inter alia, economic fluctuations, performance on export markets and inequalities between workers and between consumers. It is therefore crucial to understand how large firms emerge and behave. In the present thesis, I look at three independent aspects of this question. First, I study how exporting firms adjust the quality of the products they export in response to an intensification of "low-cost" competition in foreign markets. To this end, I develop a new method to estimate the quality of products at the firm-level and I find evidence that firms upgrade quality in response to "low-cost" competition. Second, I investigate the way exporting firms adjust their sales when a demand shock (e.g. an economic recession, a war) occurs in one of their destinations. In the context of the Champagne wine industry during the 2000-2001 economic recession, I show that firms reallocate their sales toward markets where demand conditions are relatively more favorable. Lastly, I look at the way firms adjust their size and their mix of capital and labor in response to labor regulations which are more binding to large firms. I find that firms shrink and substitute capital for labor to mitigate the labor cost of the regulation. At the aggregate level, preliminary results suggests that workers gain from the regulation while capital owners lose.
Essays On Labor And International Trade
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Author : Daniel J. B. Mitchell
language : en
Publisher: Los Angeles : Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California
Release Date : 1970
Essays On Labor And International Trade written by Daniel J. B. Mitchell and has been published by Los Angeles : Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Commerce categories.
Trade Growth And Economic Policy In Open Economies
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Author : Karl-Josef Koch
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Trade Growth And Economic Policy In Open Economies written by Karl-Josef Koch and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Part 1 of this volume focusses on globalization. Gains from trade, international competitiveness, labour market issues in open economies, customs unions, dumping and intra-firm trade are the topics of this part. Part 2 puts a stronger emphasis on dynamic economics. Social income, intergenerational transfers, public pension systems, and bequest and gift motives in overlapping generation models are main topics. Economic policies are analyzed in Part 3, including the relation between wage rigidity and migration, several aspects of German financial and monetary policy, as well as tax competition. The volume concludes with institutional issues of globalization, a western view on eastern transition, social cost of rent seeking, and the evolution of social institutions.
Empirical Methods In International Trade
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Author : Mordechai Elihau Kreinin
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2004-01-01
Empirical Methods In International Trade written by Mordechai Elihau Kreinin and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Internationalization of the world economy has made trade a key factor in the growth potential of nearly every economy. Hence, economists have become increasingly interested in the determinants of international trade and competitiveness. Empirical Models i
Trade Welfare And Economic Policies
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Author : Murray C. Kemp
language : en
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Release Date : 1993
Trade Welfare And Economic Policies written by Murray C. Kemp and has been published by University of Michigan Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Business & Economics categories.
New contributions to the theory of international trade
Essays In International Trade And Industrial Organization
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Author : Ludovic Panon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Essays In International Trade And Industrial Organization written by Ludovic Panon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Essays In International Trade Political Economy Of Protection And Firm Heterogeneity
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Essays In International Trade Political Economy Of Protection And Firm Heterogeneity written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
The first two chapters study the effect of foreign lobbies on trade policy of a country which is a member of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). They rely on a monopolistically competitive political economy model in which the government determines external tariffs endogenously. In the first paper the effect of foreign lobbying under the FTA is examined empirically using Canadian industry-level trade data that allow differentiating of lobby groups by the country of origin. The analysis suggests that the presence of foreign lobbying has a significant effect on the domestic trade policy: the presence of an organized lobbying group in an FTA partner country tends to raise trade barriers while an organized lobbying group of exporters from outside of the FTA is associated with less protection. The second paper analyses political viability of FTAs and their effect on the world trading system in the presence of lobbying by organized foreign interest groups. I show that the FTA in the presence of an organized lobby group in a prospective partner country may cause an increase in the level of protection against imports from third countries and impede trade with non-member countries. I also find that foreign lobby may encourage the local government to enter a welfare-reducing trade-diverting FTA. Finally, I show that the FTA increases the lobbying power of the organized lobby groups of the member countries, which can potentially obstruct the viability of welfare-improving multilateral trade liberalization. The last paper shows that the reason for a higher capital-labor ratio observed for exporting firms is a higher capital intensity of their production technology. Exporters are more productive, more likely to survive and, hence, more likely to repay loans. A higher repayment probability causes creditors to charge lower interest rate and reduces the marginal cost of the firm when a more capital-intensive technology is used. Here, a reduction in international trade costs stimulates exp.
Essays On The Economic Implications Of Globalization
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Author : Kensuke Suzuki
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Essays On The Economic Implications Of Globalization written by Kensuke Suzuki and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
The broad objective of this dissertation is to understand the economic implications of globalization, with a particular focus on two key aspects: international migration and trade liberalization. The dissertation is comprised of three chapters. In Chapter 1, my coauthor and I examine the impacts of Japan's immigration policy reforms on labor market outcomes and sectoral production across regions. In Chapters 2 and 3, I analyze the effects of China's trade liberalization, specifically its WTO accession in 2001, with a special emphasis on firms' input trade. Chapter 1 examines the impact of immigrant workers on the regional economies of the host country. We focus on Japan, which has expanded the foreign employment in the total workforce over the last three decades in response to the shrinking domestic workforce. We develop a quantitative spatial model to evaluate the gains of foreign employment, i.e., the consequences of an inflow of foreign workers on aggregate welfare, local wages, employment, and production. Our model features three crucial aspects--occupation, region, and sector--that interact with each other to shape the local labor market and production responses to immigration shocks. We quantify the model using the newly available micro-level data on foreign workers and conduct counterfactual exercises to evaluate the past and future immigration policy reforms. We find that in regions where foreign workers tend to gravitate, there was a substantial negative impact on the wages of low-education domestic workers. At a nationwide level, there is a minimal gain of social welfare. We argue that these results suggest that the Japanese labor market is segmented spatially, particularly for low-education workers. We also highlight the importance of the sectoral dimension in understanding the impact of foreign workers. Specifically, the skewed occupational distribution of foreign workers has pronounced implications on sectors that are intensive in occupations with a larger proportion of foreign workers and sectoral input-output linkage plays a key role in determining the regional impacts. Chapter 2 investigates the decision of firms to import intermediate inputs and their impact on firm performance. Previous research in development economics and international trade has highlighted the benefits of imported inputs for firms, including lower marginal cost of production and positive productivity implications from, e.g., interaction with foreign suppliers. Using Chinese firm-level data from the early 2000s, when trade liberalization occurred, I develop a dynamic structural model of a firm's importing decision that captures both static and dynamic benefits of using imported inputs. I estimate the firm's production function while controlling for unobserved productivity and confirms that the marginal cost of production decreases when using imported inputs (i.e., Ethier's love-of-variety effect), and their use has positive impacts on future productivity. By using the estimated model, I show that subsidizing the fixed cost of importing is more effective in increasing the overall import participation rate than subsidizing the startup sunk cost of importing. Chapter 3 examines the impact of trade liberalization on a firm's intermediate imports and aggregate outcomes, with a focus on heterogeneous impacts across locations within a country. I use Chinese firm-level data covering the period of China's trade reforms following its WTO accession in 2001 and finds that coastal firms, despite their geographic advantage in international trade, are less likely to import, use fewer imports, and spend less on imported inputs than inland firms on average. I also find evidence that coastal firms are less likely to import because domestic inputs are more available than in the inland region. To explain these findings, I develop a spatial general equilibrium model of a firm's input trade, which features multiple regions in a country, endogenous market size, and firm selection. I find that a reduction in international trade costs increases market size and the number of active firms in the coastal region, making the domestic input bundle relatively cheaper. As a result, the model replicates the empirical regularities that coastal firms are less likely to import and use fewer imports than inland firms.
Essays On Firms In International Trade
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Author : Brian Gabriel Pustilnik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Essays On Firms In International Trade written by Brian Gabriel Pustilnik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
This document contains a series of studies that were inspired by the international activity of firms in the rubber and tire industries. Several aspects of the production and commercialization of tires make these firms face challenges that are essential problems studied in the field of international trade. This industry has been at the core of my family's business practice for decades, allowing for a frequent interaction with many stakeholders in the production, wholesale and retail stages. Such interaction proved this industry to be a rich source of debate that can inform research on international trade. Some of the challenges facing these firms include the imposition of stringent and non-conventional trade barriers, the constant need for new export destinations and, from the production perspective, the volatility of rubber prices. These challenges are addressed in this dissertation. The first chapter uses tire industry data only, while chapters two and three analyze a wider range of industries. Overall, these studies draw insights and policy recommendations for a broad scope of industries. The welfare effects of trade policy crucially depend on import allocations and price effects. In chapter one, I show that these outcomes depend on whether importing firms are matched with multinational suppliers or with single-country producers. I study an antidumping duty imposed by Colombia on the imports of Chinese truck tires. In the data I observe the full network of Colombian importers and global exporters, some of which are multi-origin and some of which are single-origin. Due to the policy, imports of Chinese tires were almost fully reallocated into other origins. Moreover, the bulk of this reallocation was undertaken by importers matched with multi-origin exporters. Estimating a quantitative trade framework to match the reallocations and price changes that I see in the data, I find that under a counterfactual network without multinational suppliers, the increase in prices from the policy would have been twice as large than in the data. Chapter two explores the dynamics of Mexican exports when firms expand to new destinations in foreign markets. I document a decline in average growth and failure rates as firms enter new export destinations. These patterns reflect that in their initial set of destinations, exporters adjust their sales more than they do in subsequent markets. I develop a model of multi-market demand learning that rationalizes this behavior through knowledge accumulation and the delay in expansion to new destinations. Under the assumption that knowledge can be carried over destinations according to their market similarity, a trade-off arises. A larger number of destinations targeted upon entry can provide firms with a faster understanding of foreign market conditions. However, such strategies might be prohibitively expensive to some exporters. Therefore, few initial destinations might be used by exporters to "test the grounds" for subsequent similar markets. The patterns of entry and market similarities between destinations in the data suggest the possibility that a learning mechanism is an underlying part of the dynamics that we observe. In the third chapter (with Alvaro Boitier), we study how the use of supply contracts with fixed prices by firms can shape the transmission of input price shocks to aggregate macroeconomic variables. Input price shocks typically have negative consequences for developed economies that rely heavily on imported materials. However, firms employ risk management instruments to reduce their exposure. We rely on a novel dataset on supply contracts to document two empirical findings. First, we find a large exposure reduction to input price risk from firms using these contracts. Second, sector output and labor compensation have a smaller negative correlation with input price shocks when firms trade larger contracts. We assess the quantitative role of these contracts by introducing and calibrating a tractable general equilibrium model. In particular, we find that the use of these hedging instruments can substantially reduce the transmission of input price shocks to aggregate variables
Essays In International Trade
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Author : Jason Amare Campbell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Essays In International Trade written by Jason Amare Campbell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Electronic dissertations categories.