Essays On The Role Of Markets And Institutions In Developing Economies

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Essays On The Role Of Markets And Institutions In Developing Economies

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Essays On The Role Of Markets And Institutions In Developing Economies written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

Essays On Markets And Institutions In Emerging Economies

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Author : TAREK FOUAD GHANI
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Essays On Markets And Institutions In Emerging Economies written by TAREK FOUAD GHANI and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.

Market frictions pervade emerging economies and constrain private sector development. In such settings, formal institutions to help address contract enforcement, property rights and information asymmetries are typically weak or absent. Instead, market participants must rely on informal practices and institutions to mitigate uncertainty, instability and opportunism. For example, personalized exchange relationships are useful when contract enforcement is weak, and cash holdings can be attractive when financial institutions are unreliable. In three specific emerging economy settings, I explore how informal practices and institutions interact with formal market development, and in particular the role that market frictions play in determining outcomes for firms, technologies and employees. The first chapter of this dissertation explores how changes in formal upstream market structure affect the economics of downstream relationships using original data from the ice industry in Sierra Leone. In this setting, a monopoly ice manufacturer sells through independent retailers to fishermen buyers. I demonstrate that a shock that increases upstream competition among manufacturers improves the contractual terms offered by retailers to buyers. Under the monopoly manufacturer, late deliveries are common due to outside demand shocks. To help mitigate this uncertainty, retailers prioritize loyal customers when faced with shortages, and buyers respond by rarely switching retailers. When manufacturers compete, prices fall, quantities increase and services improve with fewer late deliveries. Entry upstream also disrupts collusion among retailers by increasing the value of competing for buyer relationships. Competing retailers expand trade credit provision as a new basis for loyalty, and stable buyer relationships reemerge after a period of intense switching. The findings suggest that market structure shapes informal contractual institutions, and that competition can reconstitute the nature of relationships. The second chapter addresses the relationship between violence and financial decisions in Afghanistan. In particular, I investigate how violence affects the tradeoff between informal cash holdings - which are liquid but insecure - and usage of a more secure but less liquid formal financial account. Using three separate data sources, I find that individuals experiencing violence retain more cash and are less likely to adopt and use mobile money, a new financial technology. First, combining detailed information on the entire universe of mobile money transactions in Afghanistan with administrative records for all violent incidents recorded by international forces, I find a negative relationship between violence and mobile money use. Second, in the context of a randomized control trial, violence is associated with decreased mobile money use and greater cash balances. Third, in financial survey data from nineteen of Afghanistan's 34 provinces, I find that individuals experiencing violence hold more cash. Collectively, the evidence indicates that individuals experiencing violence prefer cash to mobile money. More speculatively, it appears that this is principally because of concerns about future violence. These results emphasize the difficulty of creating robust financial networks in conflict settings. Finally, in the third chapter, I study how informal behaviors interact with incentives to affect employees' decisions to formally save in the context of a large firm in Afghanistan. I analyze a mobile phone-based account that allows savings to be automatically deducted from salaries. Employees who are automatically enrolled in this defined-contribution account are 40 percentage points more likely to contribute than individuals with a default contribution of zero. Analyzing randomly assigned employer matching contributions, I find that the effect of automatic enrollment on participation is approximately equivalent to providing financial incentives equal to a 50 percent match. To understand why default enrollment increases participation, some employees are randomly offered an immediate financial consultation, and others a financial consultation in one week. Employees are more likely to discuss changing their savings contributions in one week, suggesting that defaults raise contributions because of the perceived complexity of financial decisions, and because employees procrastinate in developing a financial plan for the future.

Market Institutions Governance And Development

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Author : Dilip Mookherjee
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2006

Market Institutions Governance And Development written by Dilip Mookherjee and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Business & Economics categories.

On development economics theories in India.

Institutions Innovation And Industrialization

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Author : Avner Greif
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-05-26

Institutions Innovation And Industrialization written by Avner Greif and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-26 with Business & Economics categories.

This book brings together a group of leading economic historians to examine how institutions, innovation, and industrialization have determined the development of nations. Presented in honor of Joel Mokyr—arguably the preeminent economic historian of his generation—these wide-ranging essays address a host of core economic questions. What are the origins of markets? How do governments shape our economic fortunes? What role has entrepreneurship played in the rise and success of capitalism? Tackling these and other issues, the book looks at coercion and exchange in the markets of twelfth-century China, sovereign debt in the age of Philip II of Spain, the regulation of child labor in nineteenth-century Europe, meat provisioning in pre–Civil War New York, aircraft manufacturing before World War I, and more. The book also features an essay that surveys Mokyr's important contributions to the field of economic history, and an essay by Mokyr himself on the origins of the Industrial Revolution. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Gergely Baics, Hoyt Bleakley, Fabio Braggion, Joyce Burnette, Louis Cain, Mauricio Drelichman, Narly Dwarkasing, Joseph Ferrie, Noel Johnson, Eric Jones, Mark Koyama, Ralf Meisenzahl, Peter Meyer, Joel Mokyr, Lyndon Moore, Cormac Ó Gráda, Rick Szostak, Carolyn Tuttle, Karine van der Beek, Hans-Joachim Voth, and Simone Wegge.

Platinum Essays In The Philosophy Of Applied Economics Of Development

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Author : Herbert Onye Orji
language : en
Publisher: AuthorHouse
Release Date : 2011-09

Platinum Essays In The Philosophy Of Applied Economics Of Development written by Herbert Onye Orji and has been published by AuthorHouse this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09 with Business & Economics categories.

This book, Platinum Essays In The Philosophy Of Applied Economics Of Development, is a collection of interrelated and interconnected essays on applied economics of development with underlying philosophy contents. The topic and areas of coverage were carefully chosen to comprehensively reflect a mandatory range of issues, germane to the understanding, teaching, research, publication and practice of applied economics of development, particularly in medium-to low income emerging markets. There are twenty one chapters each with a topic of major developmental significance in applied economics. Based on the clear and lucid underlying philosophical statements, the broad scope of the applied definitions, analytical and descriptive review of relevant modern and dated literatures, germane to the discourse, observations, recommendations, conclusions and range of ease or otherwise of policy implementations, the key objectives of the book have been achieved.

Market And Institutions In Economic Development

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Author : Alessandro Roncaglia
language : en
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Release Date : 2014-01-14

Market And Institutions In Economic Development written by Alessandro Roncaglia and has been published by Palgrave Macmillan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-14 with Business & Economics categories.

This collection of essays is a contribution to an understanding of the research themes to which Sylos Labini dedicated attention: the themes of an economic science interpreted as political economy in the Classical tradition, i.e. as a logically rigorous but not purely technical effort to understand the world in which we live, as the basis for acting in it in the pursuit of common welfare.

Essays On Markets And Institutions In Developing Countries

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Author : Sreyashi Sen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2024

Essays On Markets And Institutions In Developing Countries written by Sreyashi Sen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with categories.

Business Government And Labor

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Author : Linda Y C Lim
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2017-12-07

Business Government And Labor written by Linda Y C Lim and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-07 with Business & Economics categories.

Business, Government and Labor in the Economic Development of Singapore and Southeast Asia analyzes the inter-linked and evolving roles of private sector business, government public policy, and labor markets in the economic development of Singapore and its Southeast Asian neighborhood. It does this through 16 essays written by Prof. Linda Y C Lim, an early and long-established scholar of these subjects, and published over a 35-year period. For Singapore, often considered the world's most successful economy, the essays highlight the determining role of government's industrial and social policy through to the present day, when the growth model of the past faces many external market and domestic resource constraints. In the rest of Southeast Asia, in contrast, the essays explore how private sector business, dominated by the locally-domiciled ethnic Chinese minority, thrived and drove economic growth in underdeveloped markets with imperfect institutions, and consider if and how this might change with China's increasing presence in the regional economy. A final set of essays analyzes the forces underlying women's employment, from labor-intensive Southeast Asian export factories in the 1980s to Singapore's foreign-labor-dependent economy and its current productivity challenges. Taken together, the essays show how government, business and labor interact in the process of economic development.

Essays On The World Economy And Its Financial System

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Author : Brigitte Granville
language : en
Publisher: Skyhorse Publishing
Release Date : 2000

Essays On The World Economy And Its Financial System written by Brigitte Granville and has been published by Skyhorse Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Business & Economics categories.

Contributors from member organizations of the Tokyo Club discuss the topics "Reflections on the Economies of Three Major Western Players," "Assessment and Responses to Financial Turmoil," "In Search of an Exchange Rate Regime," and "Managing Risks in an Integrating World Financial System." Members of the Tokyo Club include the Brookings Institution (USA), IFO-Institut Fur Wirtschaftsforschung (Germany), Institut Francais des Relations Internationales (France), The Royal Institute of International Affairs (UK), and Nomura Research Institute, Ltd. (Japan).

The Constitution Of Markets

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Author : Viktor Vanberg
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2001

The Constitution Of Markets written by Viktor Vanberg and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Business & Economics categories.

This book examines the institutional dimension of markets and the rules and institutions that condition the operation of market economies.