Essential Hypertension And Its Causes

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Essential Hypertension And Its Causes

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Author : Paul I. Korner
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2007-05-11

Essential Hypertension And Its Causes written by Paul I. Korner and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-11 with Medical categories.

This new account of the pathogenesis of essential hypertension (EH) represents a detailed analysis of the main components of the circulatory control system. The latter's properties resemble those of man-made adaptive control systems in which regulatory parameters are altered when operating conditions exceed certain limits, often through neural mechanisms. Inheritance of EH depends on both genes and environment. The high blood pressure (BP) genes have not yet been definitively identified, whilst the main environmental causes are mental stress, high dietary salt intake and obesity. EH occurs as two major syndromes, each initiated by chronic stress: 1) Stress-and-salt related EH, and 2) Hypertensive obesity. Stress is perceived by the cortex, from which increased dopaminergic (DA) neuron activity stimulates the hypothalamic defense area, raising sympathetic neural activity (SNA) and BP. Normally these subside quickly when the stress is over, but in those susceptible to EH the DA synapses become sensitized so that the defense response is evoked by ever lower levels of stress. Sensitization is common in memory circuits, but not in autonomic neurons, so that this property in EH may be genetically determined. Stress-related hypertension increases hypothalamic responsiveness to high salt, resulting in further rises in SNA and BP. Later, non-neural functional changes (e.g. reduction in nitric oxide) and the structural remodeling of resistance vessels further enhance the vasoconstriction. In contrast, in those developing hypertensive obesity food consumption is excessive, which transiently alleviates stress-related anxiety. The brain ignores the leptin-mediated signals that normally curb appetite, contrasting with normal energy regulation in SSR-EH. In hypertensive obesity, the SNA pattern is similar to that in SSR-EH, but vasoconstriction is masked by vasodilatation and fluid retention due to hyperinsulinemia. This syndrome is a volume overload hypertension, where high cardiac output, renal impairment and other non-neural factors contribute to the elevation of BP. Other topics include the role of various transmitters in autonomic regulation; the place of baroreflexes in the intact organism; why exercise training lowers resting BP; obstructive sleep apnea; non-pharmacological and drug treatment of EH; the role of the kidney in EH and in different types of renal hypertension and the pathogenesis of the Japanese spontaneously hypertensive rat, which provides a valuable animal model for EH. The work suggests that physiological systems analysis in a complex disorder like EH is a valuable tool for using the great advances in molecular biology to best advantage.

Essential Hypertension

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Author : J. M. Cruickshank
language : en
Publisher: PMPH-USA
Release Date : 2012-12

Essential Hypertension written by J. M. Cruickshank and has been published by PMPH-USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12 with Medical categories.

Essential (primary) Hypertension is the most current, concise, and practical step-by-step guide to the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hypertension. This book provides all the knowledge base needed to identify and manage patients with Hypertension. 60% of those over the age of 60 suffer from Hypertension, a disease which affects hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. This book guides the reader to understanding, proper diagnosis treatment.

Home Blood Pressure Monitoring

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Author : George S. Stergiou
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-10-31

Home Blood Pressure Monitoring written by George S. Stergiou and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-31 with Medical categories.

Hypertension remains a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Self-monitoring of blood pressure by patients at home is currently recommended as a valuable tool for the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Unfortunately, in clinical practice, home blood pressure monitoring is often inadequately implemented, mostly due to the use of inaccurate devices and inappropriate methodologies. Thus, the potential of the method to improve the management of hypertension and cardiovascular disease prevention has not yet been exhausted. This volume presents the available evidence on home blood pressure monitoring, discusses its strengths and limitations, and presents strategies for its optimal implementation in clinical practice. Written by distinguished international experts, it offers a complete source of information and guide for practitioners and researchers dealing with the management of hypertension.

Essentials Of Hypertension

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Author : Flávio Danni Fuchs
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-11-20

Essentials Of Hypertension written by Flávio Danni Fuchs and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-20 with Medical categories.

The main purpose of this book is to select and present the most essential information about hypertension. It aims to select all the more relevant data to guide the attitudes to prevent, diagnose, and treat hypertension. Hypertension accounts for more than 50% of deaths from stroke and ischemic heart disease worldwide. New blood pressure (BP) diagnostic thresholds for hypertension were released, which were set at 130/80 mmHg. As a consequence, millions of individuals in the world will be diagnosed as hypertensive, recognizing that they are at greater risk of presenting a CV event. Prevention and control of high BP will become the main focus for reducing the burden of CV disease, requiring a changing of cultural beliefs in some way similar to what happened in the last century with smoking. Strategies for prevention of the rising of BP with age, and the BP reduction in individuals already with high levels, are more complex than those related to smoking control. These strategies involve solid evidence to be implemented in populations. The extensive scientific literature dealing with hypertension and BP regulation is among the top dedicated to a single disease. The chapters and contents follow the clinical reasoning pathways. The characterization of the risks of high blood pressure is presented in the first chapter, discussing the evidence that led to changes in diagnostic thresholds and to the recommendations for maintaining BP within these limits in populations. Reasons for BP rising with age will follow, identifying the causes that must be fought to preventing the incidence of hypertension. Diagnosis of hypertension deserves a special chapter. The final chapter presents the fundamentals to select drug and non-drug therapies indicated in the prevention and controlling of high blood pressure.

Secondary Hypertension

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Author : Alberto Morganti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-07

Secondary Hypertension written by Alberto Morganti and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-07 with Medical categories.

This book offers an overview of the latest advances in the epidemiological, pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of secondary hypertension, provided by a group of the most highly respected European experts in this field. It is common belief that secondary forms of hypertension are rare, although in 95% of patients the cause of high blood pressure is unknown – euphemistically referred to as “essential”. There is increasing evidence from epidemiological studies that the prevalence of secondary hypertension is much higher than previously thought, accounting for 20%-25% of all hypertensive patients. There are additional, very good reasons for identifying those patients with secondary hypertension: firstly, they are exposed to a greater risk of suffering major cardiovascular events than patients with essential hypertension who have the same blood pressure level, and for this reason require particular care. Secondly, these patients can be relieved of a lifetime of pharmacological therapy or, at least, have a chance to be treated with more specific and effective medications. A high degree of clinical skill is required to recognize the often vague and subtle symptoms and signs that characterize patients with secondary hypertension, and clinicians need to fully comprehend the mechanisms responsible for the development and maintenance of high blood pressure. Shedding new light on a complex area of cardiovascular medicine, the book enables readers to better treat affected patients.

Hypertension

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Author : Sunil Nadar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Hypertension written by Sunil Nadar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Medical categories.

The management of hypertension varies considerably from clinician to clinician. This pocketbook is a concise and evidence-based summary of current understanding and practice, including the most up-to-date guidance from national bodies and their recommendations for hypertension care. An essential tool for everyday use in managing hypertension, this book covers the different phases of investigation and definitive management, and aids clinical decision-making by collating all the relevant information and guidance in one easily accessible place.

The Esc Textbook Of Cardiovascular Medicine

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Author : A. John Camm
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

The Esc Textbook Of Cardiovascular Medicine written by A. John Camm and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Cardiology categories.

The Nature Of Essential Hypertension

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Author : Sir George White Pickering
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1961

The Nature Of Essential Hypertension written by Sir George White Pickering and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1961 with Hypertension categories.

White Coat Hypertension

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Author : Giuseppe Mancia
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-31

White Coat Hypertension written by Giuseppe Mancia and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-31 with Medical categories.

This book addresses all aspects of white coat hypertension – the phenomenon of raised blood pressure in a medical setting yet not elsewhere – from its history to its pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. White coat hypertension is a common condition, accounting for 30–40% of the overall hypertensive population. While many studies have addressed this condition, controversy still exists over whether it causes an increased risk to sufferers and should be treated. In the volume neurogenic and non-neurogenic mechanisms are discussed and the significance of various predictive factors, evaluated. The association of white coat hypertension with dysmetabolic risk factors, new-onset diabetes and other conditions is carefully reviewed. Further chapters consider the occurrence of asymptomatic organ damage and cardiovascular outcomes in affected patients and helpful guidance is also provided on the controversial issue of when to treat and when not to treat. White Coat Hypertension is based largely on work done during the past 30 years by renowned researchers working in Milan, who have made key contributions in improving knowledge of the condition and whose work is well known across the world.

Diabetes And Hypertension

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Author : Samy I. McFarlane
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-10-19

Diabetes And Hypertension written by Samy I. McFarlane and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-19 with Medical categories.

Diabetes and hypertension have evolved as two of the modern day epidemics affecting millions of people around the world. These two common co-morbidities lead to substantial increase in cardiovascular disease, the major cause of morbidity and mortality of adults around the world. In Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management, a panel of renowned experts address a range of critical topics -- from basic concepts in evaluation and management of diabetes and hypertension, such as dietary interventions, to evaluation and management of secondary hypertension in clinical practice. Other chapters focus on high cardiovascular risk populations such as those with coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease and minority patients. In addition, evolving concepts and new developments in the field are presented in other chapters, such as prevention of type 2 diabetes and the epidemic of sleep apnea and its implication for diabetes and hypertension evaluation and management. An important title covering two of the most troubling disorders of our time, Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management will provide the busy practitioner with cutting edge knowledge in the field as well as practical information that can translate into better care provided to the high-risk population of diabetics and hypertensive patients.