Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices
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Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices
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Author : Hiau Looi Kee
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2006
Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices written by Hiau Looi Kee and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Protectionism categories.
The objective of this paper is to provide indicators of trade restrictiveness that include both measures of tariff and nontariff barriers for 91 developing and industrial countries. For each country, the authors estimate three trade restrictiveness indices. The first one summarizes the degree of trade distortions that each country imposes on itself through its own trade policies. The second one focuses on the trade distortions imposed by each country on its import bundle. The last index focuses on market access and summarizes the trade distortions imposed by the rest of the world on each country's export bundle. All indices are estimated for the broad aggregates of manufacturing and agriculture products. Results suggest that poor countries (and those with the highest poverty headcount) tend to be more restrictive, but they also face the highest trade barriers on their export bundle. This is partly explained by the fact that agriculture protection is generally larger than manufacturing protection. Nontariff barriers contribute more than 70 percent on average to world protection, underlying their importance for any study on trade protection.
Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices
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Author : Hiau Looi Kee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices written by Hiau Looi Kee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The objective of this paper is to provide indicators of trade restrictiveness that include both measures of tariff and nontariff barriers for 91 developing and industrial countries. For each country, the authors estimate three trade restrictiveness indices. The first one summarizes the degree of trade distortions that each country imposes on itself through its own trade policies. The second one focuses on the trade distortions imposed by each country on its import bundle. The last index focuses on market access and summarizes the trade distortions imposed by the rest of the world on each country's export bundle. All indices are estimated for the broad aggregates of manufacturing and agriculture products. Results suggest that poor countries (and those with the highest poverty headcount) tend to be more restrictive, but they also face the highest trade barriers on their export bundle. This is partly explained by the fact that agriculture protection is generally larger than manufacturing protection. Nontariff barriers contribute more than 70 percent on average to world protection, underlying their importance for any study on trade protection.
Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices
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Author : Hiau Looi Kee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices written by Hiau Looi Kee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
The objective of this paper is to provide indicators of trade restrictiveness that include both measures of tariff and nontariff barriers for 91 developing and industrial countries. For each country, the authors estimate three trade restrictiveness indices. The first one summarizes the degree of trade distortions that each country imposes on itself through its own trade policies. The second one focuses on the trade distortions imposed by each country on its import bundle. The last index focuses on market access and summarizes the trade distortions imposed by the rest of the world on each country`s export bundle. All indices are estimated for the broad aggregates of manufacturing and agriculture products. Results suggest that poor countries (and those with the highest poverty headcount) tend to be more restrictive, but they also face the highest trade barriers on their export bundle. This is partly explained by the fact that agriculture protection is generally larger than manufacturing protection. Nontariff barriers contribute more than 70 percent on average to world protection, underlying their importance for any study on trade protection.
A Multidimensional Approach To Trade Policy Indicators
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Author : Diego A. Cerdeiro
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-02-21
A Multidimensional Approach To Trade Policy Indicators written by Diego A. Cerdeiro and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-21 with Business & Economics categories.
We present and discuss a set of indicators to help assess countries’ trade policies. The indicators relate to three policy areas – trade in goods, trade in services, and FDI. Given concerns about the direction of global trade policy, we also consider a set of more granular measures that reflect the evolution of countries’ policies since the 2008 financial crisis. We propose a simple approach to present the multidimensional aspects of trade policy that, by shedding light on relative openness across areas, can facilitate policy discussions. In the cross-section of countries, we find a diversity in the type of measures adopted, both between and (since the 2008 financial crisis) within policy areas, lending support to the approach based on multiple indicators. The indicators’ time series suggest that advanced and, especially, emerging economies are moving toward more open regimes over time, although recently progress has, with some exceptions, slowed across the board. Lastly, our findings also call for stronger efforts to objectively quantify the different aspects of countries’ trade regimes. More data, both across countries and in terms of policy areas that significantly affect trade, are needed for better-informed policy discussions.
A Measurement Of Aggregate Trade Restrictions And Their Economic Effects
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Author : Julia Estefania-Flores
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2022-01-07
A Measurement Of Aggregate Trade Restrictions And Their Economic Effects written by Julia Estefania-Flores and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-07 with Business & Economics categories.
We develop a new Measure of Aggregate Trade Restrictions (MATR) using data from the IMF’s Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions. MATR is an empirical measure of how restrictive official government policy is towards the international flow of goods and services. MATR is simple, ad hoc, plausible, quantitative, easily updated, based solely on policy-relevant measures of trade policy, and covers an unbalanced sample of up to 157 countries annually between 1949 and 2019. MATR is strongly correlated with, but more comprehensive than, existing measures of openness and trade policy existing measures. We use MATR to show that trade restrictions are harmful for the economy and lead to significant contractions in output.
Quantifying The Barriers To Services Trade In The Commonwealth
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Author : Commonwealth Secretariat
language : en
Publisher: Commonwealth Secretariat
Release Date : 2019-02-11
Quantifying The Barriers To Services Trade In The Commonwealth written by Commonwealth Secretariat and has been published by Commonwealth Secretariat this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-11 with Business & Economics categories.
Major data limitations arise within the realm of assessing services trade restrictiveness measures among Commonwealth countries, many of which overwhelmingly depend on this sector for growth and jobs. Quantifying the Barriers to Services Trade in the Commonwealth focuses on addressing policy barriers within services sectors in Kenya and Rwanda, including commercial banking, distribution and road transportation, which are key enablers of trade. Our findings suggest many policy barriers are crosscutting issues, rather than sector specific. Moreover, there is a degree of regulatory convergence with other Commonwealth countries included in the OECD’s trade restrictiveness database, which helps to reduce trade costs.
Estimating The Effects Of The Trans Pacific Partnership Tpp On Latin America And The Caribbean Lac
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Author : Diego A. Cerdeiro
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2016-05-23
Estimating The Effects Of The Trans Pacific Partnership Tpp On Latin America And The Caribbean Lac written by Diego A. Cerdeiro and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-23 with Business & Economics categories.
In February 2016, twelve Pacific Rim countries signed the agreement on the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP), one of the largest and most comprehensive trade deals in history. While there are several estimates of the likely effects of the TPP, there is no systematic study on the effects on all Latin American countries. We present the results from applying a multi-sector model with perfect competition presented by Costinot and Rodriguez-Clare (2014). The exercise, based on input-output data for 189 countries and 26 sectors, shows that (i) Asian TPP members are estimated to benefit most from the agreement, (ii) negative spillovers to non-TPP LAC countries appear to be of a different order of magnitude than the gains of members, and (iii) some non-TPP LAC countries may experience relatively large benefits from joining the TPP. As a cautionary note, however, we point out that even a cursory cross-study comparison shows that there is considerable uncertainty regarding the potential effects of the TPP for both members and non-members.
Encyclopedia Of Violence Peace And Conflict
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2008-09-05
Encyclopedia Of Violence Peace And Conflict written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-05 with Social Science categories.
The 2nd edition of Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace and Conflict provides timely and useful information about antagonism and reconciliation in all contexts of public and personal life. Building on the highly-regarded 1st edition (1999), and publishing at a time of seemingly inexorably increasing conflict and violent behaviour the world over, the Encyclopedia is an essential reference for students and scholars working in the field of peace and conflict resolution studies, and for those seeking to explore alternatives to violence and share visions and strategies for social justice and social change. Covering topics as diverse as Arms Control, Peace Movements, Child Abuse, Folklore, Terrorism and Political Assassinations, the Encyclopedia comprehensively addresses an extensive information area in 225 multi-disciplinary, cross-referenced and authoritatively authored articles. In his Preface to the 1st edition, Editor-in-Chief Lester Kurtz wrote: "The problem of violence poses such a monumental challenge at the end of the 20th century that it is surprising we have addressed it so inadequately. We have not made much progress in learning how to cooperate with one another more effectively or how to conduct our conflicts more peacefully. Instead, we have increased the lethality of our combat through revolutions in weapons technology and military training. The Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict is designed to help us to take stock of our knowledge concerning these crucial phenomena." Ten years on, the need for an authoritative and cross-disciplinary approach to the great issues of violence and peace seems greater than ever. More than 200 authoritative multidisciplinary articles in a 3-volume set Many brand-new articles alongside revised and updated content from the First Edition Article outline and glossary of key terms at the beginning of each article Entries arranged alphabetically for easy access Articles written by more than 200 eminent contributors from around the world
Strengthening Bolivian Competitiveness
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Author : Yaye Sakho
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2009-07-20
Strengthening Bolivian Competitiveness written by Yaye Sakho and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-20 with Business & Economics categories.
The government of Bolivia seeks to reinvigorate the nontraditional export sector as part of its national development strategy. This Country Study investigates the role that trade should play in Bolivia s development strategy, given the country s rich resource endowment, and examines the lessons of Bolivia s integration into the global economy. Considering the past links between trade and Bolivia s economy, the study analyzes the impact of different scenarios on growth, employment, trade flows, and poverty; it also evaluates barriers to higher export competitiveness and constraints on exporting firms. The study concludes that preferential access to world markets is necessary but not sufficient for success in nontraditional exports. Efficient services are necessary to reduce exporters costs, and the government should be more proactive in laying the foundation for export diversification, increasing the effectiveness of institutions, and addressing impediments to crossborder trade.
Myanmar S Agrifood System Historical Development Recent Shocks Future Opportunities
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Author : Boughton, Duncan
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2024-10-16
Myanmar S Agrifood System Historical Development Recent Shocks Future Opportunities written by Boughton, Duncan and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-16 with Political Science categories.
Myanmar has endured multiple crises in recent years — including COVID-19, global price instability, the 2021 coup, and widespread conflict — that have disrupted and even reversed a decade of economic development. Household welfare has declined severely, with more than 3 million people displaced and many more affected by high food price inflation and worsening diets. Yet Myanmar’s agrifood production and exports have proved surprisingly resilient. Myanmar’s Agrifood System: Historical Development, Recent Shocks, Future Opportunities provides critical analyses and insights into the agrifood system’s evolution, current state, and future potential. This work fills an important knowledge gap for one of Southeast Asia’s major agricultural economies — one largely closed to empirical research for many years. It is the culmination of a decade of rigorous empirical research on Myanmar’s agrifood system, including through the recent crises. Written by IFPRI researchers and colleagues from Michigan State University, the book’s insights can serve as a to guide immediate humanitarian assistance and inform future growth strategies, once a sustainable resolution to the current crisis is found that ensures lasting peace and good governance.