Estuarine Habitat And Juvenile Salmon
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Estuarine Habitat And Juvenile Salmon
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Author : George Curtis Roegner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Estuarine Habitat And Juvenile Salmon written by George Curtis Roegner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Fishes categories.
Estuarine Habitat And Juvenile Salmon
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Estuarine Habitat And Juvenile Salmon written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Fish populations categories.
Growth Of Juvenile Coho Salmon In Natural And Created Estuarine Habitats
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Author : J. A. Miller
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Growth Of Juvenile Coho Salmon In Natural And Created Estuarine Habitats written by J. A. Miller and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Coho salmon categories.
Abiotic And Biotic Dimensions Of Habitat For Juvenile Salmon And Other Fishes In The Skeena River Estuary
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Author : Ciara Sharpe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Abiotic And Biotic Dimensions Of Habitat For Juvenile Salmon And Other Fishes In The Skeena River Estuary written by Ciara Sharpe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Estuaries are increasingly degraded globally but provide nursery services for juvenile fishes through predator protection and increased food availability. This thesis examined the abiotic and biotic factors that contributed to abundance patterns of juvenile salmon and forage fish species in the Skeena River estuary, BC. I first showed that spatial abundance patterns were heterogeneous for salmon and that the combination of variables that predicted abundance differed between species. Inclusion of these dynamic abiotic and biotic variables increased predictive power over solely using static habitat descriptors for juvenile salmon. Next, I examined the association between fish and prey abundance for two forage fish and juvenile salmon species. Overall, fish abundance was not related to prey abundance, except for herring which co-varied with a highly consumed prey species. Understanding the factors influencing estuarine habitat use by economically-important juvenile salmon and forage fish can help inform risk assessment and guide environmental planning.
Estuarine Habitat And Juvenile Salmon
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Author : George Curtis Roegner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Estuarine Habitat And Juvenile Salmon written by George Curtis Roegner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Fishes categories.
The Importance Of Estuarine Habitats To Anadromous Salmonids Of Pacific Northwest A Literature Review
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Author : J. Kevin Aitkin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
The Importance Of Estuarine Habitats To Anadromous Salmonids Of Pacific Northwest A Literature Review written by J. Kevin Aitkin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Estuarine ecology categories.
Dynamic Habitat Models For Estuary Dependent Chinook Salmon
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Author : Melanie Jeanne Davis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Dynamic Habitat Models For Estuary Dependent Chinook Salmon written by Melanie Jeanne Davis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
A complex mosaic of estuarine habitats is postulated to bolster the growth and survival of juvenile Chinook salmon by diversifying the availability and configuration of prey and refugia. Consequently, efforts are underway along the North American Pacific Coast to return modified coastal ecosystems to historical or near-historical conditions, but restoring habitats are often more sensitive to anthropogenic or climate-mediated disturbance than relict (unaltered) habitats. Estuaries are expected to experience longer inundation durations as sea-levels rise, leading to reductions in intertidal emergent marshes, mudflats, and eelgrass beds. Furthermore, rising ocean temperatures may have metabolic consequences for fall-run populations of Chinook salmon, which tend to out-migrate during the spring and summer. Extensive monitoring programs have allowed managers to assess the initial benefits of management efforts (including restoration) for juvenile salmon at local and regional scales, but at present they have limited options for predicting and responding to the concurrent effects of climate change in restoring and relict coastal ecosystems. For my dissertation I addressed this gap in knowledge using a comprehensive monitoring dataset from the restoring Nisqually River Delta in southern Puget Sound, Washington. I focused on the following questions: 1) How do juvenile Chinook salmon prey consumption and dietary energy density vary throughout a mosaic of estuarine habitats, and is this variation related to differences in physiological condition? 2) How do among-habitat differences in thermal regime and prey consumption affect the bioenergetic growth potential of juvenile Chinook salmon? 3) How will shifts in the estuarine habitat mosaic vary under different sea-level rise and management scenarios? and 4) How will these climate- and management-mediated shifts in the estuarine habitat mosaic impact habitat quality for juvenile Chinook salmon? To address the first question, I used stomach content and stable isotope analyses to analyze the diets of wild and hatchery Chinook salmon captured in different estuarine habitats during the out-migration season (March-July of 2014 and 2015). I also linked measures of stomach fullness and dietary energy density to body condition. To address the second question, I used a bioenergetics model to determine how among-habitat differences in water temperature and diet might affect juvenile Chinook salmon growth. To address the third question, I designed and calibrated a marsh accretion model and decision support tool using post-restoration monitoring data sets and spatial coverages. Finally, to address the fourth question, I combined output from the marsh accretion model, a hydrological model, and measurements of prey availability into a spatially explicit version of the bioenergetics model to assess the habitat quality and growth rate potential of the entire estuarine habitat mosaic under different sea-level rise and management scenarios. When considered in tandem, these chapters represent a novel approach to habitat management. Assessments of juvenile salmon diet and physiology, marsh accretion models, and bioenergetics models have been independently implemented along the Pacific Coast, but the amalgamation of all three approaches into a single, spatially explicit analysis represents a novel and significant contribution to the scientific literature. In conducting these analyses for the Nisqually River Delta, some major themes emerged regarding the importance and vulnerability of specific habitats. An integrative diet analysis using stomach contents and stable isotopes found distinct dietary niches between wild and hatchery Chinook salmon. Wild fish were more likely to utilize the freshwater tidal forested and transitional brackish marsh habitats along the main stem river, where energy-rich insect drift made up most of their dietary biomass. The availability and consumption of insect prey resulted in distinct benefits to body condition and growth, as determined by direct physiological measurements and output from the habitat-specific bioenergetics model. These findings highlight the importance of freshwater and brackish emergent marsh habitats with overhanging vegetation, which can regulate water temperatures and supply insect drift. Unfortunately, freshwater tidal forests, brackish marshes, and low and high elevation emergent salt marshes are highly vulnerable to sea-level rise, especially when geological and anthropogenic features limit sediment accretion or lateral expansion. When spatial layers from the marsh accretion model were incorporated into the spatially explicit version of the bioenergetics model, output indicated that loss of low and high salt marsh reduced the amount of prey available for juvenile salmon, thus decreasing modeled growth rate potential. In all, these findings highlight the importance of preserving the estuarine habitat mosaic for out-migrating juvenile salmon, especially as tidal regimes and ocean temperatures continue to shift through time.
Estuarine Habitats For Juvenile Salmon In The Tidally Influenced Lower Columbia River And Estuary
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Author : Antonio M. Baptista
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Estuarine Habitats For Juvenile Salmon In The Tidally Influenced Lower Columbia River And Estuary written by Antonio M. Baptista and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Fish habitat improvement categories.
Ecology Of Salmonids In Estuaries Around The World
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Author : Colin D. Levings
language : en
Publisher: UBC Press
Release Date : 2016-06-20
Ecology Of Salmonids In Estuaries Around The World written by Colin D. Levings and has been published by UBC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-20 with Nature categories.
Biologists have long marvelled at how anadromous salmonids – fish that pass from rivers into oceans and back – survive as they migrate between these two very different environments. Yet, relatively little is understood about what happens to salmonids in the estuaries where they make this transition from fresh to salt water. This book distills the current knowledge of how eighteen salmonid species around the world (including salmon, steelhead, char, and trout) are adapted to estuaries. It discusses why the waters where rivers and oceans meet are critical to salmonid survival and how these vital habitats can be preserved and recovered.
Historic Habitat Opportunities And Food Web Linkages Of Juvenile Salmon In The Columbia River Estuary Annual Report Of Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Historic Habitat Opportunities And Food Web Linkages Of Juvenile Salmon In The Columbia River Estuary Annual Report Of Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
In 2002 with support from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), an interagency research team began investigating salmon life histories and habitat use in the lower Columbia River estuary to fill significant data gaps about the estuary's potential role in salmon decline and recovery . The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) provided additional funding in 2004 to reconstruct historical changes in estuarine habitat opportunities and food web linkages of Columbia River salmon (Onchorhynchus spp.). Together these studies constitute the estuary's first comprehensive investigation of shallow-water habitats, including selected emergent, forested, and scrub-shrub wetlands. Among other findings, this research documented the importance of wetlands as nursery areas for juvenile salmon; quantified historical changes in the amounts and distributions of diverse habitat types in the lower estuary; documented estuarine residence times, ranging from weeks to months for many juvenile Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha); and provided new evidence that contemporary salmonid food webs are supported disproportionately by wetland-derived prey resources. The results of these lower-estuary investigations also raised many new questions about habitat functions, historical habitat distributions, and salmon life histories in other areas of the Columbia River estuary that have not been adequately investigated. For example, quantitative estimates of historical habitat changes are available only for the lower 75 km of the estuary, although tidal influence extends 217 km upriver to Bonneville Dam. Because the otolith techniques used to reconstruct salmon life histories rely on detection of a chemical signature (strontium) for salt water, the estuarine residency information we have collected to date applies only to the lower 30 or 35 km of the estuary, where fish first encounter ocean water. We lack information about salmon habitat use, life histories, and growth within the long tidal-fresh reaches of the main-stem river and many tidally-influenced estuary tributaries. Finally, our surveys to date characterize wetland habitats within island complexes distributed in the main channel of the lower estuary. Yet some of the most significant wetland losses have occurred along the estuary's periphery, including shoreline areas and tributary junctions. These habitats may or may not function similarly as the island complexes that we have surveyed to date. In 2007 we initiated a second phase of the BPA estuary study (Phase II) to address specific uncertainties about salmon in tidal-fresh and tributary habitats of the Columbia River estuary. This report summarizes 2007 and 2008 Phase II results and addresses three principal research questions: (1) What was the historic distribution of estuarine and floodplain habitats from Astoria to Bonneville Dam? (2) Do individual patterns of estuarine residency and growth of juvenile Chinook salmon vary among wetland habitat types along the estuarine tidal gradient? (3) Are salmon rearing opportunities and life histories in the restoring wetland landscape of lower Grays River similar to those documented for island complexes of the main-stem estuary? Phase II extended our analysis of historical habitat distribution in the estuary above Rkm 75 to near Bonneville Dam. For this analysis we digitized the original nineteenth-century topographic (T-sheets) and hydrographic (H-sheets) survey maps for the entire estuary. Although all T-sheets (Rkm 0 to Rkm 206) were converted to GIS in 2005 with support for the USACE estuary project, final reconstruction of historical habitats throughout the estuary requires completion of the remaining H-sheet GIS maps above Rkm 75 and their integration with the T-sheets. This report summarizes progress to date on compiling the upper estuary H-sheets above Rkm 75. For the USACE estuary project, we analyzed otoliths from Chinook salmon collected near the estuary mouth in 2003-05 to estimate variability in estuary residence times among juvenile out migrants. In Phase II we expanded these analyses to compare growth and residency among individuals collected in tidal-fresh water wetlands of the lower main-stem estuary. Although no known otolith structural or chemical indicators currently exist to define entry into tidal fresh environments, our previous analyses indicate that otolith barium concentrations frequently increase before individuals encounter salt water. Here we evaluate whether otolith barium levels may provide a valid indicator of tidal fresh water entry by Columbia River Chinook salmon. We also examine otolith growth increments to quantify and compare recent (i.e., the previous 30 d) growth rates among individuals sampled in different wetland habitats along the estuarine tidal gradient.