Ethnic Citizenship Regimes
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Ethnic Citizenship Regimes
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Author : A. Maatsch
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2011-04-12
Ethnic Citizenship Regimes written by A. Maatsch and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-12 with Social Science categories.
This book sheds light on the processes that have transformed national citizenship of the European Union's member states and explains the legislative changes that have taken place since the mid-1980s in Germany, Hungary and Poland.
Diaspora And Citizenship
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Author : Claire Sutherland
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-09-13
Diaspora And Citizenship written by Claire Sutherland and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-13 with Political Science categories.
This collection of papers discusses the impact of diasporas on the articulations and practices of legal, political, cultural and social citizenship in their country of origin. While the majority of current citizenship debates focus on the challenges and directions in which diasporic and migrant communities impact on the citizenship regime in their country of settlement, the papers in this volume approach the study of citizenship from the perspective of the link between the sending state and its diasporic communities abroad. The papers discuss the role of language, religion, kinship, and other ethnic markers in diaspora politics and trace their implications for the articulations and practices of citizenship. Through discussing cases across political and geographical spectrums, and from different historical epochs the book broadens and enriches the debate on citizenship by demonstrating important ways in which diasporas impact on the delineation of citizenship regimes and the politics of national identity in their homeland. This links to the continued use of language as an ethnic marker, but also one which may be learned, allowing a certain degree of choice and shifting affiliations amongst putative members of a diaspora. This book was published as a special issue of Nationalism and Ethnic Politics.
Chapter 9 From Equal Citizens To Unequal Groups
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Author : Igor Štiks
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Chapter 9 From Equal Citizens To Unequal Groups written by Igor Štiks and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
The break-up of Yugoslavia and its two-tier citizenship regime opened a two decade-long period of continuous experimenting with defining and redefining political communities through citizenship laws and citizenship-related practices. New citizenship regimes, in various ways, effectively turned equal citizens into members of unequal groups. Almost all of the successor states of the former Yugoslav federation have used their respective citizenship laws as an effective tool for ethnic engineering as an intentional policy of governments and lawmakers to influence, by legal means and related administrative practices, the ethnic composition of their populations in favour of their core ethnic group. The creation of post-Yugoslav citizenries was based on four legal pillars: initial legal continuity with republican citizenship, ethnicity or facilitated naturalization for kin members abroad, naturalization of residents, i.e. citizens of other republics, and regular naturalization procedure for aliens (with a defined period of residence). These policies, together with political activities centred on ethnic solidarity, resulted eventually in replacing equal Yugoslav citizens with de facto four different groups of individuals in the successor states: the included, the invited, the excluded and the self-excluded. Since 2000, multiple changes and reforms of the citizenship policies and citizenship-related administrative practices - both improvements and regressions - have been introduced in the post-Yugoslav states. The break-up of Yugoslavia and its two-tier citizenship regime opened a period of continuous experimentation with defining and re-defining political communities through citizenship laws and citizenship-related practices. New citizenship regimes, in various ways, effectively turned equal citizens into members of unequal groups. In the words of Pierre Bourdieu, 'legal discourse is a creative speech that brings into existence that which it utters' (1991: 42). The main 'creative' role of citizenship laws was to bring into existence new political communities, within which the dominance of the major ethnic group would be undisputable. This group would be consolidated, often across borders, by uniting all of its members, regardless of where they resided, by the bonds of citizenship. Almost all of the successor states of the former Yugoslav federation - with some variations according to their specific contexts - have used their respective citizenship laws as an effective tool for ethnic engineering. This practice was widespread in the 1990s but, in various forms, continues until this very day. By ethnic engineering I mean an intentional policy of governments and lawmakers to influence, by legal means and related administrative practices, the ethnic composition of their populations in favour of their core ethnic group (Štiks 2006). Similar intentions have influenced the writing of most of the new constitutions. The laws on citizenship and their administrative implementation are obviously closely related and even inseparable from the practice of 'constitutional nationalism' (Hayden 1992), that is, the constitutional re-definition of new states as, in broad terms, the national states of their core ethnic group. Thus, ethnic engineering, in constitutional and citizenship matters, paved the way for the establishment of a series of ethnic democracies either at the state or at the sub-state level (see below). Citizenship laws played a key role in determining the citizenry of the new states, as well as the rights guaranteed to citizens by the new state. New legislation in various ways in almost all post-Yugoslav states offered a privileged status to members of the majority or core ethnic group regardless of their place of residence (inside or outside their borders). On the other hand, they substantially complicated the process of naturalization for those outside the ethnonational core group, especially for ethnically different citizens from other former Yugoslav republics who were permanent residents on their territory when the new citizenship regime came into effect. In their extreme manifestation, citizenship laws and practices have also been used as a subtle, but nonetheless powerful tool for ethnic cleansing. The deprivation of citizenship, and the subsequent loss of basic social and economic rights, has been quite effective in forcing a sizable number of individuals to leave their habitual places of residence and move either to 'their' kin states or abroad. The break-up of Yugoslavia and the other two multinational federations meant that millions literally went to bed as full-fledged citizens and woke up as individuals with questionable status.
Regimes Of Ethnicity And Nationhood In Germany Russia And Turkey
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Author : Sener Aktürk
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-05-14
Regimes Of Ethnicity And Nationhood In Germany Russia And Turkey written by Sener Aktürk and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-14 with Ethnic groups categories.
Akturk discusses how the definition of being German, Soviet, Russian and Turkish changed at the turn of the twenty-first century.
Uneven Citizenship Minorities And Migrants In The Post Yugoslav Space
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Author : Gëzim Krasniqi
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-10-02
Uneven Citizenship Minorities And Migrants In The Post Yugoslav Space written by Gëzim Krasniqi and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-02 with Political Science categories.
This book focuses on the relations between citizenship and various manifestations of diversity, including, but not exclusively, ethnicity. Contributors address migrants and minorities in a novel and original way by adding the concept of ‘uneven citizenship’ to the debate surrounding the former Yugoslavian states. Referring to this ‘uneven citizenship’ concept, this book not only engages with exclusionary legal, political and social practices but also looks at other unanticipated or unaccounted for results of citizenship policies. Individual chapters address statuses, rights, and duties of refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees, Roma, and ‘claimed co-ethnics’, as well as various interactions between dominant and non-dominant groups in the post-Yugoslav space. The particular focus is on ‘migrants and minorities’, as these are frequently overlapping categories in the post-Yugoslav context and indeed more generally. Not only is policy framework addressed, but also public understanding and the socio-historical developments which created legally and culturally stratified, transnationally marginalized, desired and claimed co-ethnics, and those less wanted, often on the margins of citizenship. This book was originally published as a special issue of Ethnopolitics.
Regimes Of Ethnicity And Nationhood In Germany Russia And Turkey
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Author : Şener Aktürk
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-11-12
Regimes Of Ethnicity And Nationhood In Germany Russia And Turkey written by Şener Aktürk and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-12 with Political Science categories.
Akturk discusses how the definition of being German, Soviet, Russian and Turkish radically changed at the turn of the twenty-first century. Germany's ethnic citizenship law, the Soviet Union's inscription of ethnic origins in personal identification documents and Turkey's prohibition on the public use of minority languages, all implemented during the early twentieth century, underpinned the definition of nationhood in these countries. Despite many challenges from political and societal actors, these policies did not change for many decades, until around the turn of the twenty-first century, when Russia removed ethnicity from the internal passport, Germany changed its citizenship law and Turkish public television began broadcasting in minority languages. Using a new typology of 'regimes of ethnicity' and a close study of primary documents and numerous interviews, Sener Akturk argues that the coincidence of three key factors – counterelites, new discourses and hegemonic majorities – explains successful change in state policies toward ethnicity.
Citizenship In Bosnia And Herzegovina Macedonia And Montenegro
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Author : Jelena Džankic
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-03
Citizenship In Bosnia And Herzegovina Macedonia And Montenegro written by Jelena Džankic and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-03 with Political Science categories.
What happens to the citizen when states and nations come into being? How do the different ways in which states and nations exist define relations between individuals, groups, and the government? Are all citizens equal in their rights and duties in the newly established polity? Addressing these key questions in the contested and ethnically heterogeneous post-Yugoslav states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Montenegro, this book reinterprets the place of citizenship in the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the creation of new states in the Western Balkans. Carefully analysing the interplay between competing ethnic identities and state-building projects, the author proposes a new analytical framework for studying continuities and discontinuities of citizenship in post-partition, post-conflict states. The book maintains that citizenship regimes in challenged states are shaped not only by the immediate political contexts that generated them, but also by their historical trajectories, societal environments in which they exist, as well as the transformative powers of international and European factors.
Ethnicity Democracy And Citizenship In Africa
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Author : Samantha Balaton-Chrimes
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-09
Ethnicity Democracy And Citizenship In Africa written by Samantha Balaton-Chrimes and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-09 with Political Science categories.
As an ethnic minority the Nubians of Kenya are struggling for equal citizenship by asserting themselves as indigenous and autochthonous to Kibera, one of Nairobi’s most notorious slums. Having settled there after being brought by the British colonial authorities from Sudan as soldiers, this appears a peculiar claim to make. It is a claim that illuminates the hierarchical nature of Kenya’s ethnicised citizenship regime and the multi-faceted nature of citizenship itself. This book explores two kinds of citizenship deficits; those experienced by the Nubians in Kenya and, more centrally, those which represent the limits of citizenship theories. The author argues for an understanding of citizenship as made up of multiple component parts: status, rights and membership, which are often disaggregated through time, across geographic spaces and amongst different people. This departure from a unitary language of citizenship allows a novel analysis of the central role of ethnicity in the recognition of political membership and distribution of political goods in Kenya. Such an analysis generates important insights into the risks and possibilities of a relationship between ethnicity and democracy that is of broad, global relevance.
Of States Rights And Social Closure
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Author : Oliver Schmidtke
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2007-12-25
Of States Rights And Social Closure written by Oliver Schmidtke and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-25 with Political Science categories.
Do nation-states act to facilitate or limit immigration and integration, how and why? How do nation-states themselves transform in understanding and interpreting rights respond to immigration? Does the European Union make a difference in terms of how immigrants are perceived or how they act as stakeholders in liberal democracies?
Citizenship And Immigration
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Author : Christian Joppke
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-05-06
Citizenship And Immigration written by Christian Joppke and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-06 with Political Science categories.
This incisive book provides a succinct overview of the new academic field of citizenship and immigration, as well as presenting a fresh and original argument about changing citizenship in our contemporary human rights era. Instead of being nationally resilient or in “postnational” decline, citizenship in Western states has continued to evolve, converging on a liberal model of inclusive citizenship with diminished rights implications and increasingly universalistic identities. This convergence is demonstrated through a sustained comparison of developments in North America, Western Europe and Australia. Topics covered in the book include: recent trends in nationality laws; what ethnic diversity does to the welfare state; the decline of multiculturalism accompanied by the continuing rise of antidiscrimination policies; and the new state campaigns to “upgrade” citizenship in the post-2001 period. Sophisticated and informative, and written in a lively and accessible style, this book will appeal to upper-level students and scholars in sociology, political science, and immigration and citizenship studies.