Eu Cartel Enforcement
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Eu Cartel Enforcement
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Author : Andreas Scordamaglia-Tousis
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2013-08-01
Eu Cartel Enforcement written by Andreas Scordamaglia-Tousis and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-01 with Law categories.
There has a been a long-standing debate on the compatibility of EU competition law with fundamental rights protection, particularly as the latter is enshrined in the due process requirements of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). This book, a signal contribution to that debate, assesses two questions of paramount concern: first, whether the current level of fundamental rights protection in cartel enforcement falls within the accepted ECHR standards; and second, how the often conflicting objectives of effectiveness and adequate protection of fundamental rights could optimally be achieved. Following a detailed survey of relevant EU institutional, substantive, and procedural law rules, the author offers a set of persuasive normative responses to both questions. Proceeding from an in-depth analysis of the pertinent rights and legal nature of competition proceedings under EU and ECHR law, the author goes on to examine such elements of the perceived incompatibility as the following: investigatory powers vested in competition authorities; the privilege against self-incrimination; right to privacy; “fair trial” probatory requirements; degree of use of presumptions in EU practice; Article 6 ECHR guarantees pertaining to the presumption of innocence; proving coordination of competitive behaviour; proving restriction of competition; admissibility of evidence before EU Courts and the Commission; assessment of the attribution of liability rules; EU fining rules; judicial review of cartel decisions by EU Courts; and national sanctioning rules. The author’s extraordinarily thorough presentation is rounded off with a remarkably comprehensive bibliography that lists (in addition to books and articles) newspaper articles, EU regulations and directives, soft-law guidelines and “best practices”, EU and ECtHR case law, EU Advocate General opinions, European Commission decisions, and European Ombudsman decisions. General conclusions stress the necessity of introducing further reforms to enhance the effectiveness and legitimacy of fundamental rights in the context of competition proceedings. Few books have taken such a thorough and far-reaching approach to the reconciliation of “effective public enforcement” and “fundamental rights”, or of “effective deterrence” with the principles of legality, non-retroactivity, presumption of innocence, and ne bis in idem. In the depth of its appraisal of the entire spectrum of enforcement components from a fundamental rights perspective, the book is without peers. It will be warmly welcomed by any parties interested in the intersection of competition law and human rights.
Presumption Of Innocence In Eu Anti Cartel Enforcement
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Author : Aistė Mickonytė
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2018-12-03
Presumption Of Innocence In Eu Anti Cartel Enforcement written by Aistė Mickonytė and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-03 with Law categories.
In this book the author examines the compliance of the European anti-cartel enforcement procedure with the presumption of innocence under Article 6(2) of the European Convention on Human Rights.
The Eu Leniency Policy
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Author : Baskaran Balasingham
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2016-04-24
The Eu Leniency Policy written by Baskaran Balasingham and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-24 with Law categories.
The European Union (EU) leniency programme is a key weapon in the Commission’s fight against hard-core cartels. Much of the success of EU cartel enforcement depends on the continued effectiveness of the leniency policy and is especially critical in response to the growth of private enforcement. This book offers a comprehensive description of the development of the policy, along with a normative framework that promises to ensure the full legitimacy of the leniency programme: the Commission’s policy should pursue not only effectiveness but also fairness. It is the first work to extensively analyse the effectiveness and fairness in the EU leniency policy. Proceeding systematically from clarifying the concepts of ‘effectiveness’ and ‘fairness’ to addressing the tension between leniency and private actions for damages, the author discusses the nature of, and interrelations among, such aspects as the following: – the theoretical model of the EU fining policy; – the compatibility of the EU enforcement system with fundamental rights protection; – the gathering and evaluation of evidence at the preliminary investigation stage; – the severity and foreseeability of the EU cartel fines; – judicial review by the EU Courts in competition matters; – to what extent the current policy is effective and fair; and – reforms brought about by the 2002 and 2006 Leniency Notices and the leniency-related amendments by the 2014 Antitrust Damages Directive. A key feature is the author’s presentation of a normative framework to test the effectiveness (deterrence) and substantive fairness (retribution) of the EU leniency policy. As a clear demonstration of how to forestall the danger of focusing on effectiveness of leniency at the expense of fairness, both in a substantive and in a procedural sense, this book is a major contribution to the literature of competition law. It will prove to be of great value to competition authorities, antitrust practitioners and interested academics not only in Europe but also throughout the world.
Eu Competition Law Optimum Enforcement Methods Against Eu Cartel Participants
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Author : Ronan Garvey
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2020-06-17
Eu Competition Law Optimum Enforcement Methods Against Eu Cartel Participants written by Ronan Garvey and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-17 with Law categories.
Essay from the year 2019 in the subject Law - Civil / Private / Trade / Anti Trust Law / Business Law, grade: 82.00, University College Cork, course: LLB, language: English, abstract: This paper is concerned with optimising the enforcement of European Union Competition Law against cartels participants. A critique of Directive 2014/104 and its main shortcomings will begin this paper. Investigation then launched into role of national competition authorities in the Union, arguing that enhanced member state cooperation and full transposition of draft Directive 2019/1 (ECN+) will deter cartel activity. Final point concerns individual liability against the company agents behind cartels, how corporate fines imposed by European Commission fail to deter individuals against continued cartel participation.
The Criminalization Of European Cartel Enforcement
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Author : Peter Whelan
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2014-08-07
The Criminalization Of European Cartel Enforcement written by Peter Whelan and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-07 with Law categories.
Cartel activity is prohibited under EU law by virtue of Article 101(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Firms that violate this provision face severe punishment from those entities responsible for enforcing EU competition law: the European Commission, the national competition authorities, and the national courts. Stiff fines are regularly imposed on firms by these entities; such firm-focused punishment is an established feature of the antitrust enforcement landscape within the EU. In recent years, however, focus has also been placed on the individuals within the firms responsible for the cartel activity. It is increasingly recognized that punishment for cartel activity should be individual-focused as well as firm-focused. Accordingly, a growing tendency to criminalize cartel activity can be observed in the EU Member States. The existence of such criminal sanctions within the EU presents a number of crucial challenges that need to be met if the underlying enforcement objectives are to be achieved in practice without violating prevailing legal norms. For a start, given the severe consequences of a custodial sentence, the employment of criminal antitrust punishment must be justifiable in principle: one must have a robust normative framework rationalizing the existence of criminal cartel sanctions. Second, for it to be legitimate, antitrust criminalization should only occur in a manner that respects the mandatory legalities applicable to the European jurisdiction in question. These include the due process rights of the accused and the principle of legal certainty. Finally, the correct practical measures (such as a criminal leniency policy and a correctly defined criminal cartel offence) need to be in place in order to ensure that the employment of criminal antitrust punishment actually achieves its aims while maintaining its legitimacy. These three particular challenges can be conceptualized respectively as the theoretical, legal, and practical challenges of European antitrust criminalization. This book analyses these three crucial challenges so that the complexity of the process of European antitrust criminalization can be understood more accurately. In doing so, this book acknowledges that the three challenges should not be considered in isolation. In fact there is a dynamic relationship between the theoretical, legal, and practical challenges of European antitrust criminalization and an effective antitrust criminalization policy is one which recognizes and respects this complex interaction.
The Criminalization Of European Cartel Enforcement
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Author : Peter Whelan (Lawyer)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
The Criminalization Of European Cartel Enforcement written by Peter Whelan (Lawyer) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Antitrust law categories.
The challenges facing the criminalisation of cartel activity in the European Union are threefold: theoretical, legal, and practical. This book analyses these crucial challenges so that the complexity of the process of European antitrust criminalisation can be accurately understood.
Criminalization Of Competition Law Enforcement
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Author : K. J. Cseres
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Criminalization Of Competition Law Enforcement written by K. J. Cseres and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Law categories.
This timely book brings together contributions from prominent scholars and practitioners to the ongoing debate on the criminalization of competition law enforcement. Recognizing that existing remedies and sanctions may be insufficient to deter breaches of competition law, several EU Member States have followed the US example and introduced pecuniary penalties for executives, professional disqualification orders, and even jail sentences. Addressing issues such as unsolved legal puzzles, standard of proof, leniency programs and internal cartel stability, this book is a marker for future policy debate. With perspectives from an international cast of contributors, Criminalization of Competition Law Enforcement will be of great interest to academics and policy makers as well as students and practitioners in law.
European Competition Law Annual 2006
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Author : Claus-Dieter Ehlermann
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2007-11-16
European Competition Law Annual 2006 written by Claus-Dieter Ehlermann and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-16 with Law categories.
This is the eleventh in the series on EU Competition Law and Policy produced by the Robert Schuman Centre of the European University Institute in Florence. The volume reproduces the materials of the roundtable debate which examined the enforcement of the prohibition on cartels. The workshop participants - senior representatives of the Commission and the national competition authorities of some EC Member States, renowned international academics and legal practitioners - discussed the economic and legal issues that arise in this particular area, including: 1) unearthing cartels: the evidence; 2) the institutional framework and 3) tools of enforcement.
Access And Cartel Cases
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Author : Helene Andersson
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2021-01-14
Access And Cartel Cases written by Helene Andersson and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-14 with Law categories.
This book examines the legislative patchwork surrounding access to the European Commission's cartel case files. Recent legislative changes have increased the value of the files and have also highlighted the inherent tension between a number of competing interests affecting their accessibility. The Commission is undoubtedly caught between a rock and a hard place, charged with the task to ensure due process, transparency and effectiveness while at the same time promoting both public and private enforcement of the EU competition rules. The author considers how best to ensure a proper balance between the legitimate, but often diverging interests of parties, third parties and national competition authorities in these cases. The book provides a unique and comprehensive presentation of the EU legislation and case law surrounding access to the Commission's cartel case files. The author examines the question of accessibility from three different perspectives: that of the parties under investigation, cartel victims, and national competition authorities. The author also considers the EU leniency system and whether any legislative changes could make the attractiveness of the system less dependent on the possibilities of cartel victims to access the evidence contained in the Commission's case files.
Leniency In Eu Competition Law
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Author : Ingrid Margrethe Halvorsen Barlund
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2020-06-18
Leniency In Eu Competition Law written by Ingrid Margrethe Halvorsen Barlund and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-18 with Law categories.
Leniency has emerged as one of the main enforcement instruments used by competition authorities to combat cartels. Offering immunity from punishment is believed to destabilise already existing cartels and deter undertakings from entering into such arrangements. This book offers the first in-depth analysis of the scope of leniency in European Union (EU) competition law, considering three crucial ramifications – ensuring a leniency applicant can self-report with confidence, retaining the right to compensation of those who have suffered losses due to the cartel and furthering the objective of undistorted competition within the internal market. With thorough insight into the interaction between the Commission’s Leniency Notice and public and private enforcement, the author fully explains such aspects of the subject as the following: who is eligible for leniency; liability of an immunity recipient; the EU fining system; disclosure of leniency evidence; scope of public authorities reaching out to cartel infringers; the immunity recipient and follow-on damages claimants; the immunity recipient and subsequent leniency applicants; effect of the Damages Directive; and the European Economic Area dimension. The author offers cogent suggestions about how the shortcomings of the Commission’s leniency offer can be ameliorated and which regulatory steps should be taken to give the policy greater leverage. The author calls for increased harmonisation at national level in the EU and compares leniency practice in US antitrust law. As a comprehensive analysis of the practical application of current policy and procedure in EU cartel enforcement, the book clearly shows the ways in which the scope of leniency is manifest in the interaction between public and private enforcement, evaluating which interaction is most effective. Its practical character will be recognised and welcomed by competition law practitioners and policymakers, who will strengthen their grasp of leniency procedure and clearly discern implications for competition infringement cases.