European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies
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European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies
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Author : Esa Jokinen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies written by Esa Jokinen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Finland has developed into a knowledge economy from a natural resource-based background in a relatively short space of time. The hastiness of this progress has left the nation with many structural vulnerabilities, which have resulted in many setbacks to the economy in recent decades. In addition, as a small nation, the economy is largely export-dependent, and there is no significant capital of its own on which to build the vital economic dynamism. The solitary example of rapid global success was that of Nokia, which dominated the smartphone business in the early 2000s and, along with the whole ICT sector, provided much-needed additional employment and tax revenues after the severe recession of the 1990s. The relationship between open vacancies and the unemployment rate is close to the EU average (2018). Unemployment is relatively high in comparison to many other EU countries, but also the number of open vacancies is relatively low. Since 2016 the economy has grown after a long stagnation period, unlike anywhere else. This has caused a rapid increase in the demand for skilled labour in different sectors. At the same time, there are many longer-term structural trends, which affect the balance between the demand and supply of labour. While the unemployment rate has fallen from nearly 10% to below 7% between 2016 and 2019, the mismatch has remained, since the rate of open vacancies has doubled at the same time (2% in 2019). The mismatch problem concerns especially growing regions and large cities: a major share of working opportunities is left unutilized (MEE 2019a). High unemployment co-exists with increasing demand for labour, typically around the largest regional centres. Between 2006 and 2016, the mismatch problem worsened in several large regions in Finland, and notably in Tampere.
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies
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Author : Oksana Žabko
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies written by Oksana Žabko and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
EU level sources show a controversial situation regarding skills imbalances in Latvia caused by various factors, both by positive economic development in specific sectors and regions and stagnation in others. A relatively small population and economic sensitivity of the country to external factors creates a demand for flexible, multi- and cross-sectoral competences, i.e., employees who are able to perform duties related to several positions, have technical skills in several occupational sub-fields and combine them with some general soft skills (cognitive and non-cognitive skills). In this context, on the one hand, training and active labour market policies are an important instrument for reducing skills shortages and helping people to integrate in the labour market; on the other hand, tackling skills imbalances requires close cooperation with employers. During the last fifteen years, Latvia has taken several measures to reduce skills imbalances. Firstly, significant investments have been made in reforming and re-shaping the education system, especially initial VET training. Secondly, the involvement of employers' organisations in shaping employment policy in Latvia has been ongoing for more than a decade. However, the development and maintenance of flexible cooperation networks among stakeholders remains a major challenge in formulating policy responses.
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies
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Author : Tjaša Redek
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies written by Tjaša Redek and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
This paper has been prepared under the ECE thematic review on Skills Imbalances in the EU and follows the provided guidance. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the situation in the labour market in Slovenia, to use the available sources of data to identify the level of skills mismatch and discuss policies that are addressing the skills mismatch.
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies
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Author : Robert Plasman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies written by Robert Plasman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies
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Author : Zdenko Babić
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies written by Zdenko Babić and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Croatia faces a discrepancy between the demand and supply of skills in the labour market. Skills sought by employers are in some cases different from the skills offered by workers in general or by job seekers in particular. In the past, these imbalances were observable in the context of high unemployment and prolonged recession; the demand for labour was weak and many job seekers (and young job seekers in particular) were not able to find adequate employment. Weak alignment between the education sector and the labour market has only exacerbated such a situation. In the last four years, the nature and degree of skills imbalances have changed. After Croatia joined the EU, the labour markets in most EU member states were opened up to job seekers from Croatia. That led to massive emigration from Croatia to several EU countries (e.g. Germany, Ireland and Austria), which reduced the supply of labour within Croatia. That reduction was particularly felt in the case of seasonal work, in sectors such as tourism and construction industry. At the same time, economic recovery led to increased demand for labour which contributed to general labour shortages across different sectors. The widespread difficulties experienced by employers to fill positions became a prominent topic of public debates, and the government responded by increasing quotas for foreign workers as the most feasible short-term solution to skills shortages. Simultaneously, the process of improving alignment between the education sector and the labour market has continued (e.g. through implementation of the Croatian Qualifications Framework), but with limited observable results so far. Skills surpluses have received somewhat less attention then skills shortages, although they are similarly complex. In the public arena, skills shortages have forceful advocates - employers who create vacancies but who cannot fill them. On the other hand, skills surpluses receive much less attention. They are sometimes viewed as the unfortunate results of suboptimal individual choices, rather than as an important public policy issue with complex causes and needing complex solutions. However, as with skills shortages, skills surpluses are a result of long-term processes related to education, economy, emigration and/or immigration and other factors that shape the labour market.
European Centre For Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policy
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Author : Manuel Souto Otero
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
European Centre For Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policy written by Manuel Souto Otero and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Skills imbalances refer to a discrepancy between the demand and supply of skills in the labour market, in other words a situation in which the skills sought by employers are different from the skills offered by workers in general, or by job-seekers in particular. Skills imbalances can be vertical, when the level of skills or education is more or less than the level of skills or education required to perform a job. They can also be horizontal when the type of education or skills is not appropriate for the current job, but the level of education or skills matches the requirements of the job. The mismatches can be geographical as well, where the workers with types and levels of skills or education required are based in a country or region different from where such skills are needed. Due to technological and organisational changes, skills imbalances are likely to increase. If they persist, skills imbalances can lead to short- and long-term economic and social losses for workers, employers and society. With this in mind, understanding the extent of skills imbalances is thus crucial for assessing how effective skills policies are in terms of aligning the demand with the supply of skills and for improving the labour market outcomes of different skills groups. This Review covers skills imbalances in 19 EU Member States (Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechia, Germany, Greece, Finland, France, Croatia, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden). The country reports include very detailed information on sources of labour market intelligence, skills imbalances and policies to address them, so readers interested in the full nuances of those descriptions are referred to the country reports.
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies
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Author : Manuel Souto-Otero
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies written by Manuel Souto-Otero and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The Spanish labour market was more affected by the 2008 recession than most other European labour markets. While it has recovered in recent years, following economic growth from 2014, it still faces important challenges that have a bearing on skills imbalances. These include population ageing, imbalances in the educational achievement profile of its population, high unemployment levels, the creation of higher quality employment, and stimulating labour mobility.
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies
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Author : Nicola Düll
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies written by Nicola Düll and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Skills shortages have been a major and growing concern in Germany over the past decade. Tensions in the labour markets resulting in difficulties to recruit skilled and highly skilled staff already emerged before the 2008 global financial crisis. This is one of the reasons why in Germany there was not a strong increase in unemployment in 2008 and the years after. Instead, companies made significant use of labour time accounts as well as of short-term unemployment measures paid by the Federal Employment Agency (Bundesagentur für Arbeit, BA). Thus, at that time retention policies were a key strategy in order to overcome expected future recruitment difficulties. The German economy recovered quickly from the strong drop in GDP in 2009. Since then, the business cycle has been favourable. Recently, there are signs of the economy cooling down. Although, Germany belongs to the group of countries with high skills proficiency and low dispersion of skills, skills imbalances are a serious concern mainly from the perspective of skills shortages that may occur in the context of demographic change (in particular the increasing incidence of older workers) and the digitisation of the economy as well as from the perspective of social inclusion as some groups of the population are left behind. A low-skills level puts individuals increasingly at risk. Skills shortages, or the threat of it, increases the pressure to make better use of the workforce and their skills set in the labour market. Making the best use of skills and preparing future generations with the skills in demand, and with the capacity to adapt to ongoing technological change in the era of digitisation, as well as promoting social inclusion, are major challenges for the skills governance system.
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies
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Author : Piotr Lewandowski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies written by Piotr Lewandowski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Technological progress, globalisation and changes in the organisation of work have led to abrupt changes in the demand for skills in the developed countries. In central and eastern European Member States these processes are particularly fast as they are strengthened by the integration of these countries with global value chains, in particular since the EU accession in 2004. This report presents the main findings on the incidence and nature of skill imbalances in Poland. We utilise national and international data sources to provide statistical characteristics of skill imbalances in Poland. We find that the vast majority of firms that are looking for workers perceive genuine skill imbalances as a constraint for their hiring process. The incidence of skill imbalances in Poland has increased since the early 2000s, although in the last few years it has remained rather stable. Among workers, a higher share of people report being overqualified than being underqualified for their job. This can be related to a strong increase in the share of tertiary educated workers in Polish workforce, especially among young workers. On the other hand, the jobless people exhibit cognitive skill gaps with respect to the employed population. We also discuss the policy initiatives to monitor skill imbalances, as well as policy responses to these developments. The labour market intelligence efforts recently developed in Poland are mainly focused on occupational imbalances and trends in the demand for various occupations. These occupation-based monitoring systems translate into educational policy: the funding for vocational education is higher in the case of occupations identified as those in high demand. Some policy programmes addressed to jobless youth are also targeted at training workers towards these occupations, although these are local initiatives rather than national policies.
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
European Centre Of Expertise Ece In The Field Of Labour Law Employment And Labour Market Policies written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The Hungarian economy has steadily grown since 2013, which has mainly been attributed to domestic consumption and investment expansion. Labour market indicators improved significantly too, however; large-scale, state-funded public works programmes played a significant role in the increasing employment rate. Companies first started to report recruitment difficulties in 2013, which affected the manufacturing, health and social work and the construction sector the most.