Evaluating California S Handheld Cell Phone Use Ban
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Evaluating California S Handheld Cell Phone Use Ban
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Author : Amy Kathleen Stewart
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Evaluating California S Handheld Cell Phone Use Ban written by Amy Kathleen Stewart and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Driver inattention has long been an issue for traffic safety advocates. Drivers may only briefly look away to change the radio station, answer a phone call, send a text message, or speak to a passenger; however, taking their eyes off the road decreases driver awareness and increases the likelihood of a collision. One of the main sources of driver inattention is the use of cell phones while driving. In California, lawmakers sought to address the dangers of cell phone use while driving by banning the use of hand-held cell phones while operating a vehicle. California's ban went into effect July 1, 2008, and while there have been multiple changes to the law in the five years since, there has been little evaluation as to whether the law achieved its goal of reducing accidents. Using accident report data compiled in the Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System, I performed three regression analyses to determine whether California's law prohibiting cell phone use while driving resulted in fewer traffic accidents in the year after the law went into effect compared to the year prior. The first two logistic regression models measure fatal accidents and injury accidents for both years to establish the impact of cell phone use on these types of accidents. The third model measures the impact of the law on accidents involving cell phone use. The general causal factors identified are the year during which the accident occurred, driver behavior, driver demographics, accident time, accident location, weather conditions, and road conditions. In evaluating the final regression results for Model 1 (Accident Involving Fatality=1), the key explanatory variable (Cell Phone in Use) was not statistically significant. For Model 2 (Accident with Injury=1), Cell Phone in Use was both statistically significant and had a positive impact on the likelihood of being in an injury accident. Based on the results, a driver was 30.61 percent more likely to be involved in an accident involving an injury versus an accident with no injury or a fatality, while using a cell phone than a driver not using a cell phone, all else held constant. For Model 3 (Cell Phone Use While Driving and Being Involved in Accident=1), the results for the key explanatory variable (FY 2008/2009) were statistically significant and indicated that a driver was 42.79 percent less likely to be involved in an accident involving cell phone use than not involving a cell phone, in the year after the law went into effect compared to the prior year. These results must come with the caveat that not all factors influencing a driver's behavior may be accounted for and that not all accidents resulting from driver cell phone use may be identified in the data set given the low Pseudo R2 values for each of the three models (Model 1 - 0.0631; Model 2 - 0.0248; Model 3 - 0.0540). Primarily, I recommended that a better method of data collection be identified to ensure the accuracy of conclusion drawn from data analysis. Possible suggestions include the development of best practices for law enforcement in identifying cell phone use at an accident and making the indication of cell phone use mandatory on the accident report. Secondary recommendations include using the demographic results of this study to inform public awareness campaigns to target those drivers most likely to be involved in an accident involving cell phone use and to inform driver education training.
Mandated Benefits Compliance Guide 2015
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Author : Balser Group
language : en
Publisher: Wolters Kluwer
Release Date : 2014-12-01
Mandated Benefits Compliance Guide 2015 written by Balser Group and has been published by Wolters Kluwer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Mandated Benefits 2015 Compliance Guide is a comprehensive and practical reference manual covering key federal regulatory issues that must be addressed by human resources managers, benefits specialists, and company executives in all industries. Mandated Benefits 2015 Compliance Guide includes in-depth coverage of these and other major federal regulations: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Heroes Earnings Assistance and Relief Tax Act (HEART Act) Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) Mandated Benefits 2015 Compliance Guide helps take the guesswork out of managing employee benefits and human resources by clearly and concisely describing the essential requirements and administrative processes necessary to comply with each regulation. It offers suggestions for protecting employers against the most common litigation threats and recommendations for handling various types of employee problems. Throughout the Guide are numerous exhibits, useful checklists and forms, and do's and don'ts. A list of HR audit questions at the beginning of each chapter serves as an aid in evaluating your company's level of regulatory compliance. Mandated Benefits 2015 Compliance Guide has been updated to include: The Dodd Frank Act, creating an ethics training program, and practices and trends Information on payroll cards and Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) tip credit New regulations and guidelines for health care reform as mandated by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) Updated requirements for certificates of creditable coverage; excepted benefits under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); and transaction standards The revised model general and election notices as required under PPACA Qualified Longevity Annuity Contracts and definition of spouse per the Supreme Court ruling in United States v. Windsor and updates to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation's required premiums The payment of long-term disability insurance by qualified retirement plans PPACA's effect on health reimbursement arrangements; new information on the proposed $500 carryover of unused funds in health flexible spending arrangements (FSAs) and PPACA's effect on health FSAs; new material on the effect of amendments to HIPAA's excepted benefit rules on Employee Assistance Programs; and revised information on providing employee benefits to legally married same-sex couples based on the Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Windsor and the decision's effect on cafeteria plan mid-year election changes New sections on "no-fault" attendance policies and pregnancy and the Americans with Disabilities Act Information on the definition of spouse based on the Supreme Court ruling in United States v. Windsor New material on the proposed Equal Pay Report
Public Policy Politics Analysis And Alternatives 4th Edition
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Author : Michael E. Kraft
language : en
Publisher: CQ Press
Release Date : 2013
Public Policy Politics Analysis And Alternatives 4th Edition written by Michael E. Kraft and has been published by CQ Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Political Science categories.
All too often, public policy textbooks offer a basic grounding in the policy process without the benefit of integrating the use of policy analysis. Kraft and Furlong, since their first edition, take a different tack. They want students to understand how and why policy analysis is used to assess policy alternatives--not only to question the assumptions of policy analysts, but to recognize how analysis is used in support of political arguments. To encourage critical and creative thinking on issues ranging from the financial bailout to rising gas prices to natural disasters, the authors introduce and fully integrate an evaluative approach to policy. Public Policy starts with a concise review of institutions, policy actors, and major theoretical models. The authors then discuss the nature of policy analysis and its practice, and show students how to employ evaluative criteria in six substantive policy areas. Public Policy arms students with analytic tools they need to understand the motivations of policy actors--both within and outside of government--influence a complex, yet comprehensible, policy agenda. Enhancements to the 4th edition: - All chapters have been comprehensively updated to include recent events, issues, and policy debates including the conduct of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the use of private contractors for military support and operations, the rising cost of gasoline and disputes over energy policy and climate change, the controversy over immigration policy, requirements for financial regulation, heightened concerns over economic and social inequality, and the clash over reforming taxes and entitlement programs, as well as dealing with the federal deficit and national debt. - New and updated "working with sources" and "steps to analysis" features help students investigate sources of information and apply evaluative criteria. - New and updated end-of chapter discussion questions, suggested readings, and web sites.
Friis Epidemiology 101
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Author : Scott Quinlan
language : en
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
Release Date : 2024-03
Friis Epidemiology 101 written by Scott Quinlan and has been published by Jones & Bartlett Learning this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03 with Education categories.
"Epidemiology 101 is designed for undergraduate students who have little to no prior experience with health-related fields or statistics. The text was written in response to a growing need for epidemiological content in undergraduate programs and curricula, specifically as a liberal arts subject, and emphasizes socially related determinants of health and health disparities relevant. This text fulfills this need by presenting key concepts of epidemiology in a clear and precise way and uses learning objectives and study questions that make topics accessible to students who have an interest in epidemiology. The text encourages problem analysis, deductive and inductive reasoning, and applying generalizations to a larger context, all of which are key skills used in epidemiology"--
Empowering 21st Century Learners Through Holistic And Enterprising Learning
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Author : Geok Bee Teh
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-04-08
Empowering 21st Century Learners Through Holistic And Enterprising Learning written by Geok Bee Teh and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-08 with Education categories.
This book consists of a collection of selected papers presented at the TARC International Conference 2016 held from 17 to 18 October, 2016. It offers a tool for empowering schools and teachers as a way forward for transforming education.
Handbook Of Risk Theory
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Author : Sabine Roeser
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012
Handbook Of Risk Theory written by Sabine Roeser and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Decision making categories.
Risk has become one of the main topics in fields as diverse as engineering, medicine and economics, and it is also studied by social scientists, psychologists and legal scholars. But the topic of risk also leads to more fundamental questions such as: What is risk? What can decision theory contribute to the analysis of risk? What does the human perception of risk mean for society? How should we judge whether a risk is morally acceptable or not? Over the last couple of decades questions like these have attracted interest from philosophers and other scholars into risk theory. This handbook provides for an overview into key topics in a major new field of research. It addresses a wide range of topics, ranging from decision theory, risk perception to ethics and social implications of risk, and it also addresses specific case studies. It aims to promote communication and information among all those who are interested in theoetical issues concerning risk and uncertainty. This handbook brings together internationally leading philosophers and scholars from other disciplines who work on risk theory. The contributions are accessibly written and highly relevant to issues that are studied by risk scholars. We hope that the Handbook of Risk Theory will be a helpful starting point for all risk scholars who are interested in broadening and deepening their current perspectives.
Handbook Of Risk Theory
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Author : Rafaela Hillerbrand
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-01-12
Handbook Of Risk Theory written by Rafaela Hillerbrand and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-12 with Science categories.
Risk has become one of the main topics in fields as diverse as engineering, medicine and economics, and it is also studied by social scientists, psychologists and legal scholars. But the topic of risk also leads to more fundamental questions such as: What is risk? What can decision theory contribute to the analysis of risk? What does the human perception of risk mean for society? How should we judge whether a risk is morally acceptable or not? Over the last couple of decades questions like these have attracted interest from philosophers and other scholars into risk theory. This handbook provides for an overview into key topics in a major new field of research. It addresses a wide range of topics, ranging from decision theory, risk perception to ethics and social implications of risk, and it also addresses specific case studies. It aims to promote communication and information among all those who are interested in theoetical issues concerning risk and uncertainty. This handbook brings together internationally leading philosophers and scholars from other disciplines who work on risk theory. The contributions are accessibly written and highly relevant to issues that are studied by risk scholars. We hope that the Handbook of Risk Theory will be a helpful starting point for all risk scholars who are interested in broadening and deepening their current perspectives.
Journal Of The Assembly Legislature Of The State Of California
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Author : California. Legislature. Assembly
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Journal Of The Assembly Legislature Of The State Of California written by California. Legislature. Assembly and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with California categories.
Planning Support Tools Policy Analysis Implementation And Evaluation Proceedings Of The Seventh International Conference On Informatics And Urban And Regional Planning Input2012
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Author : AA. VV.
language : en
Publisher: FrancoAngeli
Release Date : 2012-06-13T00:00:00+02:00
Planning Support Tools Policy Analysis Implementation And Evaluation Proceedings Of The Seventh International Conference On Informatics And Urban And Regional Planning Input2012 written by AA. VV. and has been published by FrancoAngeli this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-13T00:00:00+02:00 with Architecture categories.
1862.161
Mobile Communications Safety
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Author : N. Kuster
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1996-11-30
Mobile Communications Safety written by N. Kuster and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-11-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Recently, there has been interest by regulators, the public and the manufacturers of wireless devices in the issues relating to the safety of radio frequency (RF) energy. These issues require an understanding of the scientific underpinnings of both physics of RF energy and cellular biology. This book is designed to provide precisely such cross-functional expertise. The editors of this book intend to provide a reliable source for a sound scientific understanding of the issues and to stimulate future scientific advances in this area. Therefore, the audience for this book includes such diverse groups as scientists, governmental policy-makers and regulatory bodies, representatives of industry and the public at large.