Evidence Based Climate Science
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Evidence Based Climate Science
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Author : Don Easterbrook
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2016-09-16
Evidence Based Climate Science written by Don Easterbrook and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-16 with Science categories.
Evidence-Based Climate Science: Data Opposing CO2 Emissions as the Primary Source of Global Warming, Second Edition, includes updated data related to the causes of global climate change from experts in meteorology, geology, atmospheric physics, solar physics, geophysics, climatology, and computer modeling. This book objectively gathers and analyzes scientific data concerning patterns of past climate changes, influences of changes in ocean temperatures, the effect of solar variation on global climate, and the effect of CO2 on global climate. This analysis is then presented as counter-evidence to the theory that CO2 is the primary cause behind global warming. Increasingly, scientists are pointing to data which suggests that climate changes are a result of natural cycles, which have been occurring for thousands of years. Unfortunately, global warming has moved into the political realm without enough peer-reviewed research to fully validate and exclude other, more natural, causes of climate change. For example, there is an absence of any physical evidence that CO2 causes global warming, so the only argument for CO2 as the cause of warming rests entirely in computer modeling. Thus, the question becomes, how accurate are the computer models in predicting climate? What other variables could be missing from the models? In order to understand modern climate changes, we need to look at the past history of climate changes. Vast amounts of physical evidence of climate change over the past centuries and millennia have been gathered by scientists. Significant climate changes have clearly been going on for many thousands of years, long before the recent rise in atmospheric CO2 Evidence-Based Climate Science, Data Opposing CO2 Emissions as the Primary Source of Global Warming, Second Edition, documents past climate changes and presents physical evidence for possible causes. Provides scientific evidence for issues related to global climate change that is not readily available elsewhere Offers detailed analysis of temperature measurements with the goal of helping readers to understand conflicting claims about global warming heard every day in the news media Presents real-time data on polar ice Presents the real-time effect of CO2 on global warming, rather than forecasts based on computer models
Climate Adaptation Policy And Evidence
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Author : Peter Tangney
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-07-28
Climate Adaptation Policy And Evidence written by Peter Tangney and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-28 with Nature categories.
Evidence-based policymaking is often promoted within liberal democracies as the best means for government to balance political values with technical considerations. Under the evidence-based mandate, both experts and non-experts often assume that policy problems are sufficiently tractable and that experts can provide impartial and usable advice to government so that problems like climate change adaptation can be effectively addressed; at least, where there is political will to do so. This book compares the politics and science informing climate adaptation policy in Australia and the UK to understand how realistic these expectations are in practice. At a time when both academics and practitioners have repeatedly called for more and better science to anticipate climate change impacts and, thereby, to effectively adapt, this book explains why a dearth of useful expert evidence about future climate is not the most pressing problem. Even when it is sufficiently credible and relevant for decision-making, climate science is often ignored or politicised to ensure the evidence-based mandate is coherent with prevailing political, economic and epistemic ideals. There are other types of policy knowledge too that are, arguably, much more important. This comparative analysis reveals what the politics of climate change mean for both the development of useful evidence and for the practice of evidence-based policymaking.
Climate Change Evidence Impacts And Choices
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2012-01-01
Climate Change Evidence Impacts And Choices written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-01 with Science categories.
What is climate? Climate is commonly thought of as the expected weather conditions at a given location over time. People know when they go to New York City in winter, they should take a heavy coat. When they visit the Pacific Northwest, they should take an umbrella. Climate can be measured as many geographic scales - for example, cities, countries, or the entire globe - by such statistics as average temperatures, average number of rainy days, and the frequency of droughts. Climate change refers to changes in these statistics over years, decades, or even centuries. Enormous progress has been made in increasing our understanding of climate change and its causes, and a clearer picture of current and future impacts is emerging. Research is also shedding light on actions that might be taken to limit the magnitude of climate change and adapt to its impacts. Climate Change: Evidence, Impacts, and Choices is intended to help people understand what is known about climate change. First, it lays out the evidence that human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels, are responsible for much of the warming and related changes being observed around the world. Second, it summarizes projections of future climate changes and impacts expected in this century and beyond. Finally, the booklet examines how science can help inform choice about managing and reducing the risks posed by climate change. The information is based on a number of National Research Council reports, each of which represents the consensus of experts who have reviewed hundreds of studies describing many years of accumulating evidence.
Climate Change
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Author : The Royal Society
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2014-02-26
Climate Change written by The Royal Society and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-26 with Science categories.
Climate Change: Evidence and Causes is a jointly produced publication of The US National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society. Written by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists and reviewed by climate scientists and others, the publication is intended as a brief, readable reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and other individuals seeking authoritative information on the some of the questions that continue to be asked. Climate Change makes clear what is well-established and where understanding is still developing. It echoes and builds upon the long history of climate-related work from both national academies, as well as on the newest climate-change assessment from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It touches on current areas of active debate and ongoing research, such as the link between ocean heat content and the rate of warming.
Climate Change Science A Modern Synthesis
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Author : G. Thomas Farmer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-01-12
Climate Change Science A Modern Synthesis written by G. Thomas Farmer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-12 with Science categories.
An introduction to the principles of climate change science with an emphasis on the empirical evidence for climate change and a warming world. Additional readings are given at the end of each chapter. A list of "Things to Know" opens each chapter. Chapters are arranged so that the student is first introduced to the scientific method(s), examples of the use of the scientific method from other sciences drawn from the history of science with an emphasis on climate science. Climate science is treated in each chapter based on the premise of global warming. Chapter treatments on the atmosphere. biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and anthroposphere and their inter-relationships are given.
Getting The Climate Science Facts Right
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Author : Medani P. Bhandari
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-09-01
Getting The Climate Science Facts Right written by Medani P. Bhandari and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-01 with Science categories.
Getting the Climate Science Facts Right - discusses climate change science with reference to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Addressing climate change is the most important public priority of the 21st Century. Unlike many issues, however, this issue is being driven by both science and its interface with politics. The main institution for bridging this division between science and international politics is the IPCC. As such it is the main source of the facts from which climate change policy is developed. This book describes the ways in which the IPCC arrives at these facts and so can be sure they are complete and evidence based.Seldom in history has science had such a direct relationship with politics. The negotiation of an international policy regime requires, at its outset, an agreement on the facts. In this case, the facts are scientific, complex and contentious. Governments have recognized this and have, by using the IPCC, set up institutional machinery to provide facts from a source and in a manner that they can accept.The way in which the IPCC functions is unique in that it melds the way in which science achieves consensus with the way governments do at the international level. Starting with a process to examine, review and debate scientific findings leading to a consensus about scientific fact, usually expressed as probabilities that the findings will hold over time, the IPCC then concludes by using the kind of consensus-development mechanism that the United Nations typically uses to achieve agreements leading to the formation of policy regimes.The book examines the structure of the IPCC, its composition and its procedures in order to achieve an understanding of its role and future.
Climate Change Education In Formal Settings K 14
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2012-11-02
Climate Change Education In Formal Settings K 14 written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-02 with Science categories.
Climate change is occurring, is very likely caused by human activities, and poses significant risks for a broad range of human and natural systems. Each additional ton of greenhouse gases emitted commits us to further change and greater risks. In the judgment of the Committee on America's Climate Choices, the environmental, economic, and humanitarian risks of climate change indicate a pressing need for substantial action to limit the magnitude of climate change and to prepare to adapt to its impacts. A principal message from the recent National Research Council report, America's Climate Choices, this brief summary of how climate change will shape many aspects of life in the foreseeable future emphasizes the vital importance of preparation for these changes. The report points to the importance of formal and informal education in supporting the public's understanding of those challenges climate change will bring, and in preparing current and future generations to act to limit the magnitude of climate change and respond to those challenges. Recognizing both the urgency and the difficulty of climate change education, the National Research Council, with support from the National Science Foundation, formed the Climate Change Education Roundtable. The roundtable brings together federal agency representatives with diverse experts and practitioners in the physical and natural sciences, social sciences, learning sciences, environmental education, education policy, extension education and outreach, resource management, and public policy to engage in discussion and explore educational strategies for addressing climate change. Two workshops were held to survey the landscape of climate change education. The first explored the goals for climate change education for various target audiences. The second workshop, which is the focus of this summary, was held on August 31 and September 1, 2011, and focused on the teaching and learning of climate change and climate science in formal education settings, from kindergarten through the first two years of college (K-14). This workshop, based on an already articulated need to teach climate change education, provided a forum for discussion of the evidence from research and practice. The goal of this workshop was to raise and explore complex questions around climate change education, and to address the current status of climate change education in grade K-14 of the formal education system by facilitating discussion between expert researchers and practitioners in complementary fields, such as education policy, teacher professional development, learning and cognitive science, K-12 and higher education administration, instructional design, curriculum development, and climate science. Climate Change Education in Formal Settings, K-14: A Workshop Summary summarizes the two workshops.
How To Confront Climate Denial
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Author : James S. Damico
language : en
Publisher: Teachers College Press
Release Date : 2022
How To Confront Climate Denial written by James S. Damico and has been published by Teachers College Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Education categories.
Climate change and climate denial have remained largely off the radar in literacy and social studies education. This book addresses this gap with the design of the Climate Denial Inquiry Model (CDIM) and clear examples of how educators and students can confront two forms of climate denial: science denial and action denial. The CDIM highlights how critical literacies specifically designed for climate denial texts can be used alongside eco-civic practices of deliberation, reflexivity, and counter-narration to help students discern corporate, financial, and politically motivated roots of climate denial and to better understand efforts to misinform the American public, sow doubt and distrust of basic scientific knowledge, and erode support for evidence-based policymaking and collective civic action. With an emphasis on inquiry-based teaching and learning, the book also charts a path from destructive stories-we-live-by that are steeped in climate denial (humans are separate from nature, the primary goal of society is economic growth without limits, nature is a resource to be used and exploited) to ecojustice stories-To-live by that invite teachers and students to consider more just and sustainable futures. Book Features: Climate Denial Inquiry Model to help educators identify and confront two forms of climate denial: climate science denial and climate action denial.Clear examples of how to integrate critical literacies designed specifically for climate denial with eco-civic practices of deliberation, reflexivity, and counter-narration.Concrete climate-based inquiry-based teaching and learning pathways in literacy and social studies with much potential for connections across other content areas. A path from destructive stories-we-live-by that are steeped in climate denial to ecojustice stories-To-live by that invite teachers and students to consider more just and sustainable futures.
Climate Science
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Author : Science And Tran Committee on Commerce
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017-07-30
Climate Science written by Science And Tran Committee on Commerce and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-30 with categories.
The scientific method is regarded as the foundation of modern science. It ensures that scientific experimentation is neither arbitrary nor subjective, and that results can be replicated. Scientific evidence of human-induced climate change rapidly increased through the 1970s. By 1982, even oil giant Exxon's own scientists were reporting to management that climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions was likely to occur, and that the effects of this climate change could be catastrophic. Since the early 1980s when Exxon internally acknowledged the reality of climate change, the scientific evidence confirming human caused climate change has piled up at an incredible rate. The current scientific consensus on human caused climate change is based on thousands of scientific studies conducted by thousands of scientists all across the globe. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, which is composed of scientists from around the world, has concluded that warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and that it is extremely likely that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming. The IPCC is not alone. The National Academies of Sciences has reached the same conclusion. The national academies of sciences in virtually every major country on Earth has endorsed the IPCC's central conclusions on climate change. Most relevant scientific societies, including AAAS, the American Physical Society, the American Geophysical Union, the American Meteorological Society, and a host of others have also affirmed the overwhelming scientific evidence for human-caused climate change.
Teaching And Learning About Climate Change
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Author : Daniel P. Shepardson
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-02-17
Teaching And Learning About Climate Change written by Daniel P. Shepardson and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-17 with Education categories.
Responding to the issues and challenges of teaching and learning about climate change from a science education-based perspective, this book is designed to serve as an aid for educators as they strive to incorporate the topic into their classes. The unique discussion of these issues is drawn from the perspectives of leading and international scholars in the field. The book is structured around three themes: theoretical, philosophical, and conceptual frameworks for climate change education and research; research on teaching and learning about global warming and climate change; and approaches to professional development and classroom practice.