Evidence Synthesis For Decision Making In Healthcare

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Network Meta Analysis For Decision Making

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Author : Sofia Dias
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-03-19

Network Meta Analysis For Decision Making written by Sofia Dias and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-19 with Mathematics categories.

A practical guide to network meta-analysis with examples and code In the evaluation of healthcare, rigorous methods of quantitative assessment are necessary to establish which interventions are effective and cost-effective. Often a single study will not provide the answers and it is desirable to synthesise evidence from multiple sources, usually randomised controlled trials. This book takes an approach to evidence synthesis that is specifically intended for decision making when there are two or more treatment alternatives being evaluated, and assumes that the purpose of every synthesis is to answer the question "for this pre-identified population of patients, which treatment is 'best'?" A comprehensive, coherent framework for network meta-analysis (mixed treatment comparisons) is adopted and estimated using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods implemented in the freely available software WinBUGS. Each chapter contains worked examples, exercises, solutions and code that may be adapted by readers to apply to their own analyses. This book can be used as an introduction to evidence synthesis and network meta-analysis, its key properties and policy implications. Examples and advanced methods are also presented for the more experienced reader. Methods used throughout this book can be applied consistently: model critique and checking for evidence consistency are emphasised. Methods are based on technical support documents produced for NICE Decision Support Unit, which support the NICE Methods of Technology Appraisal. Code presented is also the basis for the code used by the ISPOR Task Force on Indirect Comparisons. Includes extensive carefully worked examples, with thorough explanations of how to set out data for use in WinBUGS and how to interpret the output. Network Meta-Analysis for Decision Making will be of interest to decision makers, medical statisticians, health economists, and anyone involved in Health Technology Assessment including the pharmaceutical industry.

Finding What Works In Health Care

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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-06-20

Finding What Works In Health Care written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-20 with Medical categories.

Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.

Evidence Synthesis For Decision Making In Healthcare

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Author : Nicky J. Welton
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-04-12

Evidence Synthesis For Decision Making In Healthcare written by Nicky J. Welton and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-12 with Mathematics categories.

In the evaluation of healthcare, rigorous methods of quantitative assessment are necessary to establish interventions that are both effective and cost-effective. Usually a single study will not fully address these issues and it is desirable to synthesize evidence from multiple sources. This book aims to provide a practical guide to evidence synthesis for the purpose of decision making, starting with a simple single parameter model, where all studies estimate the same quantity (pairwise meta-analysis) and progressing to more complex multi-parameter structures (including meta-regression, mixed treatment comparisons, Markov models of disease progression, and epidemiology models). A comprehensive, coherent framework is adopted and estimated using Bayesian methods. Key features: A coherent approach to evidence synthesis from multiple sources. Focus is given to Bayesian methods for evidence synthesis that can be integrated within cost-effectiveness analyses in a probabilistic framework using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. Provides methods to statistically combine evidence from a range of evidence structures. Emphasizes the importance of model critique and checking for evidence consistency. Presents numerous worked examples, exercises and solutions drawn from a variety of medical disciplines throughout the book. WinBUGS code is provided for all examples. Evidence Synthesis for Decision Making in Healthcare is intended for health economists, decision modelers, statisticians and others involved in evidence synthesis, health technology assessment, and economic evaluation of health technologies.

Synthesising Qualitative And Quantitative Health Evidence A Guide To Methods

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Author : Pope, Catherine
language : en
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Release Date : 2007-07-01

Synthesising Qualitative And Quantitative Health Evidence A Guide To Methods written by Pope, Catherine and has been published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-01 with Medical categories.

Provides a comprehensive overview of range of approaches and methods available for synthesising qualitative and quantitative evidence and an explanation of why this is important. This book looks at different types of review and examining place of synthesis in reviews for policy and management decision making.

Helping People Share Decision Making

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Author : Debra de Silva
language : en
Publisher: The Health Foundation
Release Date : 2012

Helping People Share Decision Making written by Debra de Silva and has been published by The Health Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Chronic diseases categories.

Achieving Person Centred Health Systems

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Author : Ellen Nolte
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-08-06

Achieving Person Centred Health Systems written by Ellen Nolte and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-06 with Health & Fitness categories.

An evidence-based analysis of the opportunities and challenges of moving towards more person-centred health systems.

Systematic Reviews

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Author : Cynthia Diane Mulrow
language : en
Publisher: ACP Press
Release Date : 1998

Systematic Reviews written by Cynthia Diane Mulrow and has been published by ACP Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Medical categories.

The use and creation of systematic reviews, with a discussion on their value, and information on how to locate, appraise and use them, and on state-of-the-art methods for conducting them.

Encyclopedia Of Medical Decision Making

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Author : Michael W. Kattan
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2009-08-15

Encyclopedia Of Medical Decision Making written by Michael W. Kattan and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-15 with Medical categories.

Decision making is a critical element in the field of medicine that can lead to life-or-death outcomes, yet it is an element fraught with complex and conflicting variables, diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainties, patient preferences and values, and costs. Together, decisions made by physicians, patients, insurers, and policymakers determine the quality of health care, quality that depends inherently on counterbalancing risks and benefits and competing objectives such as maximizing life expectancy versus optimizing quality of life or quality of care versus economic realities. Broadly speaking, concepts in medical decision making (MDM) may be divided into two major categories: prescriptive and descriptive. Work in the area of prescriptive MDM investigates how medical decisions should be done using complicated analyses and algorithms to determine cost-effectiveness measures, prediction methods, and so on. In contrast, descriptive MDM studies how decisions actually are made involving human judgment, biases, social influences, patient factors, and so on. The Encyclopedia of Medical Decision Making gives a gentle introduction to both categories, revealing how medical and healthcare decisions are actually made—and constrained—and how physician, healthcare management, and patient decision making can be improved to optimize health outcomes. Key Features Discusses very general issues that span many aspects of MDM, including bioethics; health policy and economics; disaster simulation modeling; medical informatics; the psychology of decision making; shared and team medical decision making; social, moral, and religious factors; end-of-life decision making; assessing patient preference and patient adherence; and more Incorporates both quantity and quality of life in optimizing a medical decision Considers characteristics of the decisionmaker and how those characteristics influence their decisions Presents outcome measures to judge the quality or impact of a medical decision Examines some of the more commonly encountered biostatistical methods used in prescriptive decision making Provides utility assessment techniques that facilitate quantitative medical decision making Addresses the many different assumption perspectives the decision maker might choose from when trying to optimize a decision Offers mechanisms for defining MDM algorithms With comprehensive and authoritative coverage by experts in the fields of medicine, decision science and cognitive psychology, and healthcare management, this two-volume Encyclopedia is a must-have resource for any academic library.

Umbrella Reviews

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Author : Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-02-03

Umbrella Reviews written by Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-03 with Medical categories.

​This book is an ideal guide to umbrella reviews, overviews of reviews, and meta-epidemiologic studies for evidence synthesis. Research is conducted at different levels: primary research consists of original studies while secondary research comprises qualitative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Recently, a novel further level of research has been introduced, based on the analysis and pooling of reviews and meta-analysis. This book is the first to focus solely on this new type of research design, which permits a comprehensive and powerful synthesis of scientific evidence in medicine as well as in many other fields in order to inform decision-making. All aspects are covered, including review design and registration, the searching, abstracting, appraisal, and synthesis of evidence, the appraisal of moderators and confounders, and state of the art reporting. Case studies in a range of medical specialties are then presented. The hands-on approach of the book, written by a multinational team of experts, will enable the reader to interpret and independently conduct umbrella reviews.

Synthesizing Qualitative Evidence

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011

Synthesizing Qualitative Evidence written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Evidence-based medicine categories.

"Practitioners and patients are called upon to make numerous health care decisions and, in doing so, need to weigh various types of information before taking action. This information comes from a myriad of sources, including the results of well-designed research; information related to the preferences of patients/clients and their relevant others; the practitioner{u2019}s own experiences; and the nature and norms of the setting and culture in which the care is being delivered. Methods to synthesize qualitative evidence are now emerging and this text examines the methodological bases to qualitative synthesis and describes the processes involved in the conduct of a rigorous synthesis of qualitative evidence, with a particular focus on Meta-Aggregation."--[source inconnue].