Evolution And The Levels Of Selection
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Evolution And The Levels Of Selection
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Author : Samir Okasha
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 2006-11-16
Evolution And The Levels Of Selection written by Samir Okasha and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-16 with Science categories.
Does natural selection act primarily on individual organisms, on groups, on genes, or on whole species? Samir Okasha provides a comprehensive analysis of the debate in evolutionary biology over the levels of selection, focusing on conceptual, philosophical and foundational questions. A systematic framework is developed for thinking about natural selection acting at multiple levels of the biological hierarchy; the framework is then used to help resolve outstanding issues. Considerable attention is paid to the concept of causality as it relates to the levels of selection, in particular the idea that natural selection at one hierarchical level can have effects that 'filter' up or down to other levels. Unlike previous work in this area by philosophers of science, full account is taken of the recent biological literature on 'major evolutionary transitions' and the recent resurgence of interest in multi-level selection theory among biologists. Other biological topics discussed include Price's equation, kin and group selection, the gene's eye view, evolutionary game theory, outlaws and selfish genetic elements, species and clade selection, and the evolution of individuality. Philosophical topics discussed include reductionism and holism, causation and correlation, the nature of hierarchical organization, and realism and pluralism.
Levels Of Selection In Evolution
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Author : Laurent Keller
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2019-12-31
Levels Of Selection In Evolution written by Laurent Keller and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-31 with Science categories.
Ever since the groundbreaking work of George Williams, W. D. Hamilton, and Richard Dawkins, evolutionary biologists have recognized that natural selection generally does not operate for the good of the group, but rather for the good of lower-level units such as the individual, the cell, even the gene. One of the fundamental problems of biology is: what keeps competition between these various levels of natural selection from destroying the common interests to be gained from cooperation? In this volume twelve prominent scientists explore this question, presenting a comprehensive survey of the current theoretical and empirical research in evolutionary biology. Recent studies show that at many levels of biological organization, mechanisms have evolved to prevent potential conflict in natural selection. Editor Laurent Keller's aim in this book is to bring together leading researchers from all biological disciplines to outline these potential conflicts and discuss how they are resolved. A multi-level approach of this kind allows important insights into the evolution of life, as well as bridging the long-standing conceptual chasm between molecular and organismal biologists. The chapters here follow a rigorous theoretical framework, giving the book an overall synergy that is unique to multi-authored books. The contributors, in addition to the editor, are H. Charles J. Godfray, Edward Allen Herre, Dawn M. Kitchen, Egbert Giles Leigh, Jr., Catherine M. Lessells, Richard E. Michod, Leonard Nunney, Craig Packer, Andrew Pomiankowski, H. Kern Reeve, John Maynard Smith, and Eörs Szathmáry.
Natural Selection
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Author : George Christopher Williams
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1992
Natural Selection written by George Christopher Williams and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Science categories.
This important new volume examines the mechanism and action of natural selection in evolution. It includes discussions of the gene as the unit of selection, clade selection and macroevolution, and other timely issues.
Levels Of Selection In Evolution
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Author : Laurent Keller
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 1999-10-24
Levels Of Selection In Evolution written by Laurent Keller and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-10-24 with Science categories.
Evolutionary biologists have recognised that natural selection operates for the good of lower-level units (the individual, the cell, even the gene) rather than the good of the group. In this volume, 12 scientists discuss why this should be the case.
Evolution And The Levels Of Selection Ebook
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Author : Samir Okasha
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Evolution And The Levels Of Selection Ebook written by Samir Okasha and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Evolution (Biology) categories.
Does natural selection act primarily on individual organisms, on groups, on genes, or on whole species? This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the debate in evolutionary biology over the levels of selection, focusing on conceptual, philosophical and foundational questions.
Facts Conventions And The Levels Of Selection
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Author : Pierrick Bourrat
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-08-31
Facts Conventions And The Levels Of Selection written by Pierrick Bourrat and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-31 with Philosophy categories.
Debates concerning the units and levels of selection have persisted for over fifty years. One major question in this literature is whether units and levels of selection are genuine, in the sense that they are objective features of the world, or merely reflect the interests and goals of an observer. Scientists and philosophers have proposed a range of answers to this question. This Element introduces this literature and proposes a novel contribution. It defends a realist stance and offers a way of delineating genuine levels of selection by invoking the notion of a functional unit.
The Structure Of Evolutionary Theory
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Author : Stephen Jay Gould
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2002-03-21
The Structure Of Evolutionary Theory written by Stephen Jay Gould and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-03-21 with Science categories.
The world's most revered and eloquent interpreter of evolutionary ideas offers here a work of explanatory force unprecedented in our time--a landmark publication, both for its historical sweep and for its scientific vision. With characteristic attention to detail, Stephen Jay Gould first describes the content and discusses the history and origins of the three core commitments of classical Darwinism: that natural selection works on organisms, not genes or species; that it is almost exclusively the mechanism of adaptive evolutionary change; and that these changes are incremental, not drastic. Next, he examines the three critiques that currently challenge this classic Darwinian edifice: that selection operates on multiple levels, from the gene to the group; that evolution proceeds by a variety of mechanisms, not just natural selection; and that causes operating at broader scales, including catastrophes, have figured prominently in the course of evolution. Then, in a stunning tour de force that will likely stimulate discussion and debate for decades, Gould proposes his own system for integrating these classical commitments and contemporary critiques into a new structure of evolutionary thought. In 2001 the Library of Congress named Stephen Jay Gould one of America's eighty-three Living Legends--people who embody the "quintessentially American ideal of individual creativity, conviction, dedication, and exuberance." Each of these qualities finds full expression in this peerless work, the likes of which the scientific world has not seen--and may not see again--for well over a century.
Evolution And Natural Selection
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Author : Charles Darwin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1959
Evolution And Natural Selection written by Charles Darwin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1959 with Evolution categories.
The Evolution Of Complexity By Means Of Natural Selection
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Author : John Tyler Bonner
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-12-08
The Evolution Of Complexity By Means Of Natural Selection written by John Tyler Bonner and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-08 with Science categories.
John Tyler Bonner makes a new attack on an old problem: the question of how progressive increase in the size and complexity of animals and plants has occurred. "How is it," he inquires, "that an egg turns into an elaborate adult? How is it that a bacterium, given many millions of years, could have evolved into an elephant?" The author argues that we can understand this progression in terms of natural selection, but that in order to do so we must consider the role of development--or more precisely the role of life cycles--in evolutionary change. In a lively writing style that will be familiar to readers of his work The Evolution of Culture in Animals (Princeton, 1980), Bonner addresses a general audience interested in biology, as well as specialists in all areas of evolutionary biology. What is novel in the approach used here is the comparison of complexity inside the organism (especially cell differentiation) with the complexity outside (that is, within an ecological community). Matters of size at both these levels are closely related to complexity. The book shows how an understanding of the grand course of evolution can come from combining our knowledge of genetics, development, ecology, and even behavior.
Multilevel Selection And The Theory Of Evolution
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Author : Ciprian Jeler
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-06-07
Multilevel Selection And The Theory Of Evolution written by Ciprian Jeler and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-07 with Science categories.
This book puts multilevel selection theory into a much needed historical perspective. This is achieved by discussing multilevel selection in the first half of the twentieth century, the reasons for the energetic rejection of Wynne-Edwards’ group selectionist stance in the 1960s, Elisabeth Lloyd’s contribution to the units of selection debate, Price’s hierarchical equation and its possible interpretations and, finally, species selection in macroevolutionary contexts. Another idea also seems to emerge from these studies; namely, that perhaps a more sure-footed position for multilevel selection theory would be acquired if we were to show a renewed interest in 'old group selection', i.e. in scenarios in which the differential reproduction of the groups themselves affects the frequencies of either individual-level or group-level traits. This book will be of interest to philosophers and historians of biology, as well as to theoretically inclined biologists who have an interest in multilevel selection theory.