Evolution And The Levels Of Selection
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Evolution And The Levels Of Selection
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Author : Samir Okasha
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2006-11-16
Evolution And The Levels Of Selection written by Samir Okasha and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-16 with Philosophy categories.
Does natural selection act primarily on individual organisms, on groups, on genes, or on whole species? The question of levels of selection - on which biologists and philosophers have long disagreed - is central to evolutionary theory and to the philosophy of biology. Samir Okasha's comprehensive analysis gives a clear account of the philosophical issues at stake in the current debate.
Evolutionary Restraints
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Author : Mark E. Borrello
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2012-05-15
Evolutionary Restraints written by Mark E. Borrello and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-15 with Science categories.
Much of the evolutionary debate since Darwin has focused on the level at which natural selection occurs. Most biologists acknowledge multiple levels of selection—from the gene to the species. The debate about group selection, however, is the focus of Mark E. Borrello’s Evolutionary Restraints. Tracing the history of biological attempts to determine whether selection leads to the evolution of fitter groups, Borrello takes as his focus the British naturalist V. C. Wynne-Edwards, who proposed that animals could regulate their own populations and thus avoid overexploitation of their resources. By the mid-twentieth century, Wynne-Edwards became an advocate for group selection theory and led a debate that engaged the most significant evolutionary biologists of his time, including Ernst Mayr, G. C. Williams, and Richard Dawkins. This important dialogue bled out into broader conversations about population regulation, environmental crises, and the evolution of human social behavior. By examining a single facet in the long debate about evolution, Borrello provides powerful insight into an intellectual quandary that remains relevant and alive to this day.
Evolution And The Levels Of Selection
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Author : Samir Okasha
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 2006-11-16
Evolution And The Levels Of Selection written by Samir Okasha and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-16 with Science categories.
Does natural selection act primarily on individual organisms, on groups, on genes, or on whole species? Samir Okasha provides a comprehensive analysis of the debate in evolutionary biology over the levels of selection, focusing on conceptual, philosophical and foundational questions. A systematic framework is developed for thinking about natural selection acting at multiple levels of the biological hierarchy; the framework is then used to help resolve outstanding issues. Considerable attention is paid to the concept of causality as it relates to the levels of selection, in particular the idea that natural selection at one hierarchical level can have effects that 'filter' up or down to other levels. Unlike previous work in this area by philosophers of science, full account is taken of the recent biological literature on 'major evolutionary transitions' and the recent resurgence of interest in multi-level selection theory among biologists. Other biological topics discussed include Price's equation, kin and group selection, the gene's eye view, evolutionary game theory, outlaws and selfish genetic elements, species and clade selection, and the evolution of individuality. Philosophical topics discussed include reductionism and holism, causation and correlation, the nature of hierarchical organization, and realism and pluralism.
Evolution And The Levels Of Selection Ebook
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Author : Samir Okasha
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Evolution And The Levels Of Selection Ebook written by Samir Okasha and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Evolution (Biology) categories.
Does natural selection act primarily on individual organisms, on groups, on genes, or on whole species? This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the debate in evolutionary biology over the levels of selection, focusing on conceptual, philosophical and foundational questions.
Understanding Evolution
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Author : Kostas Kampourakis
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014-04-03
Understanding Evolution written by Kostas Kampourakis and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-03 with Science categories.
Bringing together conceptual obstacles and core concepts of evolutionary theory, this book presents evolution as straightforward and intuitive.
Evolution
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Author : David Zeigler
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2014-04-14
Evolution written by David Zeigler and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-14 with Science categories.
Evolution: Components and Mechanisms introduces the many recent discoveries and insights that have added to the discipline of organic evolution, and combines them with the key topics needed to gain a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of evolution. Each chapter covers an important topic or factor pertinent to a modern understanding of evolutionary theory, allowing easy access to particular topics for either study or review. Many chapters are cross-referenced. Modern evolutionary theory has expanded significantly within only the past two to three decades. In recent times the definition of a gene has evolved, the definition of organic evolution itself is in need of some modification, the number of known mechanisms of evolutionary change has increased dramatically, and the emphasis placed on opportunity and contingency has increased. This book synthesizes these changes and presents many of the novel topics in evolutionary theory in an accessible and thorough format. This book is an ideal, up-to-date resource for biologists, geneticists, evolutionary biologists, developmental biologists, and researchers in, as well as students and academics in these areas and professional scientists in many subfields of biology. - Discusses many of the mechanisms responsible for evolutionary change - Includes an appendix that provides a brief synopsis of these mechanisms with most discussed in greater detail in respective chapters - Aids readers in their organization and understanding of the material by addressing the basic concepts and topics surrounding organic evolution - Covers some topics not typically addressed, such as opportunity, contingency, symbiosis, and progress
Adaptation And Natural Selection
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Author : George Christopher Williams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1966
Adaptation And Natural Selection written by George Christopher Williams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Science categories.
Biological evolution is a fact--but the many conflicting theories of evolution remain controversial even today. In 1966, simple Darwinism, which holds that evolution functions primarily at the level of the individual organism, was threatened by opposing concepts such as group selection, a popular idea stating that evolution acts to select entire species rather than individuals. George Williams's famous argument in favor of the Darwinists struck a powerful blow to those in opposing camps. His Adaptation and Natural Selection, now a classic of science literature, is a thorough and convincing essay in defense of Darwinism; its suggestions for developing effective principles for dealing with the evolution debate and its relevance to many fields outside biology ensure the timelessness of this critical work.
The Essential Tension
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Author : Sonya Bahar
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-09-06
The Essential Tension written by Sonya Bahar and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-06 with Science categories.
'The Essential Tension' explores how agents that naturally compete come to act together as a group. The author argues that the controversial concept of multilevel selection is essential to biological evolution, a proposition set to stimulate new debate. The idea of one collective unit emerging from the cooperative interactions of its constituent (and mutually competitive) parts has its roots in the ancient world. More recently, it has illuminated studies of animal behavior, and played a controversial role in evolutionary biology. In Part I, the author explores the historical development of the idea of a collectivity in biological systems, from early speculations on the sociology of human crowd behavior, through the mid-twentieth century debates over the role of group selection in evolution, to the notion of the selfish gene. Part II investigates the balance between competition and cooperation in a range of contemporary biological problems, from flocking and swarming to experimental evolution and the evolution of multicellularity. Part III addresses experimental studies of cooperation and competition, as well as controversial ideas such as the evolution of evolvability and Stephen Jay Gould’s suggestion that “spandrels” at one level of selection serve as possible sources of variability for the next higher level. Finally, building on the foundation established in the preceding chapters, the author arrives at a provocative new proposition: as a result of the essential tension between competition and cooperation, multiple levels may be essential in order for evolutionary processes to occur at all.
Multilevel Selection
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Author : Steven C. Hertler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-09-02
Multilevel Selection written by Steven C. Hertler and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-02 with Psychology categories.
This book embeds a novel evolutionary analysis of human group selection within a comprehensive overview of multilevel selection theory, a theory wherein evolution proceeds at the level of individual organisms and collectives, such as human families, tribes, states, and empires. Where previous works on the topic have variously supported multilevel selection with logic, theory, experimental data, or via review of the zoological literature; in this book the authors uniquely establish the validity of human group selection as a historical evolutionary process within a multilevel selection framework. Select portions of the historical record are examined from a multilevel selectionist perspective, such that clashing civilizations, decline and fall, law, custom, war, genocide, ostracism, banishment, and the like are viewed with the end of understanding their implications for internal cohesion, external defense, and population demography. In doing so, its authors advance the potential for further interdisciplinary study in fostering, for instance, the convergence of history and biology. This work will provide fresh insights not only for evolutionists but also for researchers working across the social sciences and humanities.
Selection
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Author : Graham Bell
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2008-12-18
Selection written by Graham Bell and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-18 with Science categories.
This book adopts a direct experimental approach to evolutionary questions, drawing predominantly from research on microbial systems. The focus is on processes and mechanisms, and incorporates insights from recent advances in whole-genome sequencing, bioinformatics, environmental genomics and developmental genetics.