Evolutionary Models And Studies In Human Diversity
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Evolutionary Models And Studies In Human Diversity
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Author : Robert J. Meier
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2011-06-01
Evolutionary Models And Studies In Human Diversity written by Robert J. Meier and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-01 with Social Science categories.
The Evolution Of Modern Human Diversity
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Author : Marta Mirazón Lahr
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1996-05-30
The Evolution Of Modern Human Diversity written by Marta Mirazón Lahr and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-05-30 with Medical categories.
Investigates the two main theories of how and where humans evolved.
Molecular Biology And Human Diversity
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Author : Anthony J. Boyce
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005-09-08
Molecular Biology And Human Diversity written by Anthony J. Boyce and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-09-08 with Science categories.
The public is now paying considerable attention to the use of molecular evidence in studies of human diversity and origins. Much of the early work in this area was based on evidence from mitochondrial DNA, but this has now been supplemented by important new information from nuclear DNA from both Y chromosomes and the autosomes. The bulk of the material available is from living populations, but this is being extended by the study of DNA from archaic populations. The underlying models used in interpreting this evidence are based on the neutral theory of molecular evolution, but also consider the possible role of selection. This volume brings together much new evidence and methodology from an international group of scientists.
Human Biological Variation
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Author : James H. Mielke
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2011
Human Biological Variation written by James H. Mielke and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Nature categories.
This text explores human biological variation in its broadest sense - from the molecular to the physiological and morphological - focusing on the micro-evolutionary analysis of genetic variation among recent human populations. Authoritative yet accessible, Human Biological Variation, SecondEdition, opens with an engaging introduction to basic genetics and the evolutionary forces that set the stage for understanding human diversity. It goes on to offer a clear and detailed discussion of molecular genetics, including its uses and its relationship to anthropological and evolutionarymodels. The text features up-to-date discussions of classic genetic markers (blood groups, enzymes, and proteins) along with extensive background on DNA analysis and coverage of satellite DNA, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and Alu inserts. Coverage includes current issues such as themeaning and significance of "race," quantitative genetics and the "nature versus nurture" debates, biocultural interactions, population structure, and cultural and historical influences on patterns of human variation. Integrating real-world examples on interesting topics - including dyslexia, IQ,and homosexuality - this second edition of Human Biological Variation provides the most thorough and contemporary view of our biological diversity.
Coevolution
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Author : William H. Durham
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 1991
Coevolution written by William H. Durham and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Social Science categories.
Charles Darwin's "On the Origins of Species" had two principal goals: to show that species had not been separately created and to show that natural selection had been the main force behind their proliferation and descent from common ancestors. In "Coevolution," the author proposes a powerful new theory of cultural evolution--that is, of the descent with modification of the shared conceptual systems we call "cultures"--that is parallel in many ways to Darwin's theory of organic evolution. The author suggests that a process of cultural selection, or preservation by preference, driven chiefly by choice or imposition depending on the circumstances, has been the main but not exclusive force of cultural change. He shows that this process gives rise to five major patterns or "modes" in which cultural change is at odds with genetic change. Each of the five modes is discussed in some detail and its existence confirmed through one or more case studies chosen for their heuristic value, the robustness of their data, and their broader implications. But "Coevolution" predicts not simply the existence of the five modes of gene-culture relations; it also predicts their relative importance in the ongoing dynamics of cultural change in particular cases. The case studies themselves are lucid and innovative reexaminations of an array of oft-pondered anthropological topics--plural marriage, sickle-cell anemia, basic color terms, adult lactose absorption, incest taboos, headhunting, and cannibalism. In a general case, the author's goal is to demonstrate that an evolutionary analysis of both genes and culture has much to contribute to our understanding of human diversity, particularly behavioral diversity, and thus to the resolution of age-old questions about nature and nurture, genes and culture.
Animal Models In Light Of Evolution
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Author : Niall Shanks
language : en
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
Release Date : 2009
Animal Models In Light Of Evolution written by Niall Shanks and has been published by Universal-Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Medical categories.
The central concern of this book is with the "prediction problem" in biomedical research. In particular, the authors examine the use of animal models to predict human responses in drug and disease research. The arguments discussed are drawn from both biological and biomedical theory (with numerous examples and case studies drawn from evolutionary biology, complex systems theory, oncology, teratology, and AIDS research), and analyses of empirical evidence (concerning, for example, data on intra- and inter-species differences revealed by recent results from genome analyses of various species, human population studies, and statistical studies of the predictive utility of animal models). This book comes to the unique conclusion that while animals can be successfully used for many endeavors in science such as basic and comparative research, they cannot be used to predict drug and disease response in humans. The arguments presented are rooted in the history, philosophy, and methodology of biomedical research. This book will be of interest to anyone involved, directly or indirectly, in biomedical research (including physicians, veterinarians and scientists), and anyone interested in the history, philosophy and methodology of science. In contrast to books written by and for the animal rights movement and books written by and for the animal-based research industry, this book honestly examines all sides of the scientific arguments for using animals in science and concludes that each group in turn exaggerates the flaws or strengths of using animals. There are areas in science where animals can be viably used but there are also areas where they cannot be so used. REVIEWS See Philosophies, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 17 August 2010
The Evolution Of Cultural Diversity
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Author : Ruth Mace
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-09-16
The Evolution Of Cultural Diversity written by Ruth Mace and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-16 with Social Science categories.
Virtually all aspects of human behavior show enormous variation both within and between cultural groups, including material culture, social organization and language. Thousands of distinct cultural groups exist: about 6,000 languages are spoken today, and it is thought that a far greater number of languages existed in the past but became extinct. Using a Darwinian approach, this book seeks to explain this rich cultural variation. There are a number of theoretical reasons to believe that cultural diversification might be tree-like, that is phylogenetic: material and non-material culture is clearly inherited by descendants, there is descent with modification, and languages appear to be hierarchically related. There are also a number of theoretical reasons to believe that cultural evolution is not tree-like: cultural inheritance is not Mendelian and can indeed be vertical, horizontal or oblique, evidence of borrowing abounds, cultures are not necessarily biological populations and can be transient and complex. Here, for the first time, this title tackles these questions of cultural evolution empirically and quantitatively, using a range of case studies from Africa, the Pacific, Europe, Asia and America. A range of powerful theoretical tools developed in evolutionary biology is used to test detailed hypotheses about historical patterns and adaptive functions in cultural evolution. Evidence is amassed from archaeological, linguist and cultural datasets, from both recent and historical or pre-historical time periods. A unifying theme is that the phylogenetic approach is a useful and powerful framework, both for describing the evolutionary history of these traits, and also for testing adaptive hypotheses about their evolution and co-evolution. Contributors include archaeologists, anthropologists, evolutionary biologists and linguists, and this book will be of great interest to all those involved in these areas.
Human Evolutionary Biology
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Author : Michael P. Muehlenbein
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-07-29
Human Evolutionary Biology written by Michael P. Muehlenbein and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-29 with Social Science categories.
Wide-ranging and inclusive, this text provides an invaluable review of an expansive selection of topics in human evolution, variation and adaptability for professionals and students in biological anthropology, evolutionary biology, medical sciences and psychology. The chapters are organized around four broad themes, with sections devoted to phenotypic and genetic variation within and between human populations, reproductive physiology and behavior, growth and development, and human health from evolutionary and ecological perspectives. An introductory section provides readers with the historical, theoretical and methodological foundations needed to understand the more complex ideas presented later. Two hundred discussion questions provide starting points for class debate and assignments to test student understanding.
Advances In Growth Curve And Structural Equation Modeling
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Author : Ratan Dasgupta
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-09-03
Advances In Growth Curve And Structural Equation Modeling written by Ratan Dasgupta and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-03 with Business & Economics categories.
This book explains and explores the growth curve model as a tool to gain insights into various research topics of interest to academics and practitioners alike. It includes studies on growth models for repeated measurement mixture experiments, and optimal designs for growth prediction in order to find an optimum design for the most efficient estimation of the parameters of the mixture models. It presents longitudinal studies conducted on the mathematical aptitude and intelligence quotient of tribal population in North Eastern states of India, and innovative statistical analysis showing that the status of tribes is improving over time. These results are supplemented by similar cross- sectional studies, and a retrospective longitudinal study of the social environment in North Eastern tribes indicating that the growth status of the social environment is improving. Child health is an important topic in developing countries, and as such the book features an overview of the growth and nutritional status of children aged 5 to 18 in India. Characterization of Extended Uniform Distribution and its applications for quality control in industrial production, and in yield data of tuber crops among others are discussed. Characterizations of distribution in terms of performance rate are also proved. There is also a contribution examining the past and present status of mangroves in Sunderban region of the Indian state of West Bengal from an ecological viewpoint using a growth curve model set-up. Lastly, it includes a chapter on a statistical study of platelet size decomposition and related growth model. Highlighting the importance of growth curve modelling as it applies to actual field data and encouraging more theoretically inclined statisticians to look into theoretical issues that need investigation, the book disseminates applications of the growth curve model to real-world problems and addresses related theoretical issues for the attention of theoreticians and practitioners.
Human Population Genetics
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Author : P.P. Majumder
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Human Population Genetics written by P.P. Majumder and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
J. B. S. Haldane, R. A. Fisher and Sewall Wright simultaneously, and largely independently, laid the foundations of population genetics and the mathematical theory of evolution. Hal dane was born on November 5, 1892. Although he primarily worked at the University College London (UCL), in 1957 he resigned from the UCL and joined the Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta (India) as a Research Professor. In celebration of his birth centenary, the Indian Statistical Institute organized an International Conference on Human Genetics from 15 to 19 December, 1992. The prime motive in holding this Conference was to bring together a group of scientists - geneticists, anthropologists, clinicians and statisticians - to evaluate the impact of Haldane's contributions to various areas of human genetics, and also to review recent developments in the subject. Session and lecture themes were so chosen that they covered areas theoretical and applied, classical and emerging. Speakers were then identified and invited to deliver lectures on these themes. Manuscripts of all invited presentations and a selected number of contributed presentations were considered for inclusion in this Proceed ings Volume. Each manuscript was reviewed by at least one Conference participant, which resulted in revision of several manuscripts and rejection of some. This volume is a collection of the manuscripts which have been 'accepted' after the review-process. The Conference began with the "J. B. S. Haldane Centenary Lecture" delivered by C. R. Rao.