Examining The Interaction Of Academic Optimism Enabling School Structures Middle Level Practices And Academic Achievement
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Examining The Interaction Of Academic Optimism Enabling School Structures Middle Level Practices And Academic Achievement
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Author : Vikki Wandmacher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Examining The Interaction Of Academic Optimism Enabling School Structures Middle Level Practices And Academic Achievement written by Vikki Wandmacher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Academic achievement categories.
This study focused on young adolescent development, middle grades education, and the underlying supporting structures that assist students in achieving academically. Results were examined through the lens of Bandura's social cognitive theory, and a big picture view of the interplay of beliefs, behavior, and environmental influences emerged. The study examined three ideas: (a) the level of academic optimism (AO), enabled school structure (ESS), middle level strategy implementation, and academic achievement; (b) how the implementation of middle level strategies and School to Watch (STW) status affected the level of AO, and ESS; and (c) how the factors of AO, ESS, STW status, and middle level strategy implementation impacted the academic achievement of students in math and reading. Data were collected through AO and ESS surveys completed by 210 teachers and demographic information provided by 29 principals and the Michigan Department of Education. Findings revealed that factors of free and reduced lunch recipients with school size and location had a significant relationship with middle level certification, middle level training, and interdisciplinary teaming. These in turn had a significant relationship to AO and ESS, which were beliefs within the school. This study supported previous findings that AO supported by enabled ESS had an even greater effect upon academic achievement than even socioeconomic status. Middle school staff working to improve student achievement could identify their readiness through an examination of the ESS, AO, and STW surveys, and using this data, the administrator could collaborate with staff to structure a building climate with appropriate middle level strategies to meet student needs..
A Positive Force
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Author : Kathryn Yawin Veronesi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
A Positive Force written by Kathryn Yawin Veronesi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Academic achievement categories.
Research on academic optimism and school practices has shown a positive correlation with student achievement at the high school level. Academic optimism includes the school properties of collective efficacy, academic emphasis, and faculty trust. School practices include various endeavors that involve staff and impact student performance. This study examines both concepts and academic achievement in five high schools. Findings are that the schools that demonstrate the highest level of academic achievement also have clearly delineated processes for school practice and are able to articulate them. Those schools with the highest measured student achievement also scored highest on the school practice measures that measured schools' use of goal setting, improvement strategies, common meeting time content and structure related to the Professional Learning Community structure. Effective school practice activities could produce positive outcomes in student performance.
Examining The Relationship Between Academic Optimism And Student Achivement
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Author : Bryan S Hallmark
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Examining The Relationship Between Academic Optimism And Student Achivement written by Bryan S Hallmark and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Academic optimism is a relatively new construct that combines collective efficacy, academic emphasis, and faculty trust in students and parents. The cumulative measure represents a robust picture of the social interactions within a school that influences the beliefs, behaviors and emotions of organizational members. Academic optimism has been established as a predictor of student achievement controlling for student socioeconomic status. However, past studies have not included student ethnicity in statistical models utilized to test the effect of academic optimism on student achievement, even though research and state achievement data show gaps among students of color and Anglo students that are just as substantial as those identified along socioeconomic. Additionally, there was a need to determine if academic optimism is simply a product of school context or if there is additional variance left to be explained by psychosocial interactions within schools. Therefore, the intent of this study was threefold: first, examine the relationships between the theoretical underpinnings of collective efficacy, academic emphasis, and faculty trust in students and parents; second, produce a more rigorous test of the effect of academic optimism on student achievement by including student ethnicity in addition to other student background characteristics; and third, determine to what magnitude school context explains a schools level of academic optimism. The author utilized multi-level analysis to test the relationship between school academic optimism and student achievement controlling for student ethnicity, socioeconomic status, previous achievement and school size within a new sample. The relationship between school academic optimism and school context was tested by employing multiple regression analysis. In a sample of 10,464 students nested within 97 elementary schools the author was able to determine that academic optimism is a positive predictor of student math and reading achievement. Furthermore, academic optimism is capable of mediating the negative relationships existing between both low socioeconomic status (SES) and student of color status and student achievement. Additionally, the studied revealed that only 52% of the variance in school level academic optimism is determined by school context. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149294
Revealing Academic Optimism In A High Achieving Middle School
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Author : Lynn Ellen Pikero
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Revealing Academic Optimism In A High Achieving Middle School written by Lynn Ellen Pikero and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Electronic books categories.
This research investigated how one high achieving middle school staff demonstrated Academic Optimism as measured by the School Academic Optimism Scale (SAOS) and the Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire (Revised) for middle schools. Twenty-seven teachers from a chosen middle school participated in the study. Additionally, qualitative data and artifacts were collected and analyzed to provide an in-depth examination and understanding. The findings uncovered a misalignment among the data sources. While the qualitative data suggested a higher than average level of Academic Optimism, student achievement data steadily declined during the three years under investigation, as did the school STAR rating. Additionally, survey results revealed that teachers perceived a lower than average level of Academic Optimism. In a high achieving school, it would be supposed that all data are in alignment, a high degree of Academic Optimism should be reflected on the surveys and the qualitative data, which is related to an increase in student achievement scores. This misalignment could be attributed to one overriding factor, the adoption of the Common Core Standards in Year Two of the study. Upon further examination, the adoption of the Common Cores Standards by the state, conflicting messages as perceived by the staff concerning academic achievement, and various school policies and programs which did not appear to reflect the aggressive stance of the school improvement plan or mission statement regarding student achievement, may have contributed to the discord in the data. A mixed methodological examination of both qualitative and quantitative data provided a comprehensive understanding of what was occurring at the school.
The Impact Of Academic Optimism On Student Achievement In Five Middle Schools
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Author : Rita Hickey Teague
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Impact Of Academic Optimism On Student Achievement In Five Middle Schools written by Rita Hickey Teague and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Academic achievement categories.
Faculty trust in students and parents was a statistically significant predictor for the percentage of students scoring at the average level and the low average/low level. None of the predictor variables was statistically significant for the percentage of students scoring at the average level for MAP Reading or MAP Science. Study results indicate that school administrators and teachers must work to build trust with parents and students and create a culture stressing academic excellence as both could help improve student achievement.
Academic Optimism Of Schools And Student Achievement
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Author : Pamela J. Mckinnon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Academic Optimism Of Schools And Student Achievement written by Pamela J. Mckinnon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Electronic dissertations categories.
Author's abstract: The pressure to perform well on high stakes testing may have caused many educational leaders to shift their focus away from developing a healthy organization that may enhance and possibly even predict student achievement to simply focusing on test scores. Hoy, Tarter and Hoy (2006) suggested that high levels of Academic OptimismAO (including collective teacher efficacy-CTE, faculty trust in parents and students-FT, and academic emphasis-AE), when controlling for SES, is a strong force in predicting academic achievement. This study attempted to support previous research findings and to provide educational administrators with a framework for improving school organizational health for the purpose of enhancing student achievement. This study examined the relationships between AO, its sub-constructs, and student achievement in reading and math, when controlling for SES, for four participating middle schools located in two school districts in southeast Georgia. The data was collected from the School Academic Optimism Survey (SAOS) which is designed to measure the overall level of academic optimism within the school and each of the sub-constructs. The SAOS provides 30 Likert-type items with 1-12 measuring CTE, 13-22 measuring FT and 23-30 measuring AE. Overall, the analysis of the relationship of AO of schools and achievement in reading and math, when controlling for SES, is not statistically significant in this study. The variance in reading and math achievement showed 0% change in the relationship when adding AO as a predictor. Although some improvement in relationships, particularly in reading, was noted when adding the predictor variables of CTE, FT, and AE, the results suggested these variables did not predict student achievement over SES. All schools in this study reported at least average levels of AO, all four schools were achieving in reading above the state percentage, and 3 of the 4 were achieving above the state percentage in math. Additionally, 3 of the 4 schools had populations of economically disadvantaged students above the state average. Although further research with a larger sample size is recommended, this may suggest that schools with low SES students are not necessarily at a disadvantage when variables associated with school organizational health are considered.
Relationships Among Perceptions Of Professional Learning Communities School Academic Optimism And Student Achievement In Alabama Middle And High Schools
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Author : Amanda Hitson Cassity
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Relationships Among Perceptions Of Professional Learning Communities School Academic Optimism And Student Achievement In Alabama Middle And High Schools written by Amanda Hitson Cassity and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Electronic dissertations categories.
The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among perceptions of professional learning communities, school academic optimism, and student achievement in Alabama middle and high schools. Quantitative data were collected through online surveys and hard copy surveys during the spring of 2012. The study was driven by research questions involving the relationship between teachers' and principals' perceptions that their school is a learning community and the level of academic optimism in those schools; the relationship between teachers' and principals' perceptions their school is a learning community and the level of student achievement; the comparison of school levels with teachers' and principals' perceptions; and the joint contribution of the perceptions of professional learning communities (PLCs) and academic optimism on student achievement. Two surveys were used: the School Professional Staff as Learning Community Questionnaire (SPSLCQ) and the School Academic Optimism Survey (SAOS), measuring participants' perceptions of their schools as learning communities and participants' perceptions of the level of academic optimism at their schools, respectively. Seven hundred three teachers and administrators from 59 schools across the state of Alabama were surveyed. Data were compared using correlations, t-tests, and regression analyses. Results confirmed findings from prior research regarding the relationship between academic optimism and student achievement. In addition, evidence showed that there is a positive, significant correlation between the perceptions of PLCs and academic optimism. Results of this study give school leaders tools with which to address the factors that lead to improved teacher efficacy and academic emphasis and thus increased student achievement.
Collective Trust
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Author : Patrick B. Forsyth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Collective Trust written by Patrick B. Forsyth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Educational change categories.
The culmination of nearly three decades of research, Collective Trust offers new insight and practical knowledge on the social construction of trust for school improvement. The authors argue that collective trust is not merely an average trust score for a group, but rather an independent concept with distinctive origins and consequences. The book demonstrates that schools are organizations that require environments characterized by high levels of collective trust to be effective. Including an historical overview, an exhaustive review of the empirical research, and implications for school reform policy and leadership, this is the most comprehensive resource to date on the issue of collective trust.
Trust And School Life
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Author : Dimitri Van Maele
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-01-31
Trust And School Life written by Dimitri Van Maele and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-31 with Social Science categories.
This book samples recent and emerging trust research in education including an array of conceptual approaches, measurement innovations, and explored determinants and outcomes of trust. The collection of pathways explores the phenomenon of trust and establishes the significance of trust relationships in school life. It emboldens the claim that trust merits continued attention of both scholars and practitioners because of the role it plays in the production of equity and excellence. Divided into four parts, the book explores trust under the rubrics of learning, teaching, leading and bridging. The book proposes a variety of directions for future research. These include the simultaneous investigation of trust from the prospectives of various trusters, and at both the individual and group levels, longitudinal research designs, and an elaboration of methods.
Theory And Research In Educational Administration Vol 1
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Author : Cecil Miskel
language : en
Publisher: IAP
Release Date : 2002-03-01
Theory And Research In Educational Administration Vol 1 written by Cecil Miskel and has been published by IAP this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-03-01 with Education categories.
This series is dedicated to advancing our understanding of schools through empirical study and theoretical analysis. Scholars, both young and established, are invited to publish original analyses, but we especially encourage young scholars to contribute to Theory and Research in Educational Administration. This first issue provides a mix of beginning and established scholars and a range of theoretical perspectives. Eight separate but related studies were selected for this first issue. Three of the research pieces deal with the intended and unintended consequences of policy and political initiatives in schools. Do high-stakes accountability environments threaten the potential of learning organizations? Marks and Printy grapple with that question. Not surprisingly, they anticipate the latent dysfunctional consequences of high-stakes accountability as they provide a careful analysis of urban school district responses to state policies. Well-intended initiatives produced unintended consequences that threatened the capacity for organizational learning in these schools. In a similar fashion, Jones and Malen’s findings suggest that political strategies that use insider dynamics can foster successful enactment of reforms but often at a cost of undermining efforts to implement the policy. Song and Miskel focus their analysis on national reading policy. An examination of national interests groups and policymakers suggests that an assessment of various groups’ influence is necessary if policy actors are to make sensible judgments in choosing allies and building coalitions for effective actions. Two of the papers are informed by contingency theory. Ogawa and Studer are concerned with the relationship between the school and its community. They propose that both buffering and bridging strategies enable schools to deal with parents effectively. Because schools depend on parents for resources, they bridge to parents in cooperative fashion, but because parents often pose uncertainty, schools also buffer parent influence by limiting their access. Yet, there is divergence from contingency theory because schools depend primarily on parents to provide socio-cultural rather than material resources; hence, schools often use strategies that shape rather than diminish dependence on parents. Rowan, also draws ideas from contingency theory to examine the extent to which the nature of teachers’ instructional work affects patterns of instructional management in schools. His data support the explanation that teachers who face increased task variety actively work to construct "organic" patterns of instructional management to reduce task uncertainty and to increase workplace motivation and commitment. Three papers examine teachers in schools. Rowan is intrigued by the variation in the nature of teachers’ work both in terms of task variety and task uncertainty. He finds that teachers do not see their work as many organizational theorists do, that is, as a non-routine form of work; in fact, teachers view teaching as either as a routine task or "expert task." In spite of the fact that many teachers endorsed a constructivist view of teaching, few concluded it was a non-routine task. Moreover, teachers in different disciplines have different views about both the nature of academic knowledge and desirable teaching practices. Both Goddard and Hoy and his colleagues use social cognitive theory to develop an argument of the importance of collective efficacy in positively influencing student achievement. Hoy, Smith, and Sweetland build on their earlier work to demonstrate that collective efficacy of schools is pivotal in explaining student achievement in a sample of rural schools. Goddard shows that that collective efficacy is also an important predictor of the practice of involving teachers in important school decisions. He concludes that the more we learn how school practices are related to collective efficacy, the more we will know about what school leaders