Exchange Rate Policy And Devaluation In Malawi
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Exchange Rate Policy And Devaluation In Malawi
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Author : Karl Pauw
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2013-03-19
Exchange Rate Policy And Devaluation In Malawi written by Karl Pauw and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-19 with Social Science categories.
The Malawian economy has in recent months been plagued by a severe foreign exchange crisis, fueled in part by a steadily rising import bill, sharp successive declines in tobacco export prices, the suspension of direct government budget support from several development partners in 2011, and an all-time low in international investor confidence. Up until the regime change in April 2012, the government resisted calls for a devaluation, which at the time resulted in a thriving parallel foreign exchange market. At its peak, the Malawi kwacha was trading at a premium of up to 100 percent in this secondary market. Economic theory shows that such a situation has adverse implications for an economy in terms of the balance-of-payments adjustment process and income distribution in the economy. Those with access to foreign exchange at the official rate are able to extract rents by selling foreign currency or imported goods at inflated prices. Imports sold domestically are then often valued at the parallel exchange rate rather than the official rate, with the parallel market rate serving as the only adjustment mechanism through which equilibrium can be restored in the balance of payments. This has a significant impact on domestic inflation to the detriment of consumers, while those with preferential access to foreign exchange at the official rate capture large rents. A simulation exercise using an economywide model for Malawi considers how the economy responds to different types of foreign exchange shocks under fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes. While the foreign exchange crisis in itself has severe negative implications for the economy, our results suggest that the economy responds much better to these types of shocks under a flexible exchange rate regime (that is, devaluations or a free-floating currency). Our main simulation shows that under the latter policy, gross domestic product growth, although negative, is 1.5 percentage points higher than under a fixed exchange rate policy. Similarly, poverty is 6.9 percentage points lower. A relaxation of the exchange rate policy, however, is only part of the solution; in the longer run, good governance and sound macroeconomic policy that is conducive to growth are needed to address the underlying structural problems in the economy that also contribute to foreign exchange shortages.
The Role Of Exchange Rate And Monetary Policy In The Monetary Approach To The Balance Of Payments
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Author : Exley B. D. Silumbu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
The Role Of Exchange Rate And Monetary Policy In The Monetary Approach To The Balance Of Payments written by Exley B. D. Silumbu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Balance of payments categories.
The Child Health Implications Of Privatizing Africa S Urban Water Supply
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Author : Katrina Kosec
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2013-05-10
The Child Health Implications Of Privatizing Africa S Urban Water Supply written by Katrina Kosec and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-10 with Social Science categories.
Identifying policies which can improve water sector management is critically important given the global burden of water-related disease. Each year, 1 in 10 child deathsroughly 800,000 in totalis the direct result of diarrhea. Can private-sector participation (PSP) in the urban piped water sector improve child health? The author uses child-level data from 39 African countries during 19862010 to show that introducing PSP decreases diarrhea among urban dwelling children under five years of age by 5.6 percentage points, or 35 percent of its mean prevalence. PSP also leads to greater reliance on piped water. To attribute causality, the author exploits time variation in the private water market share controlled by African countries former colonizers. A placebo analysis reveals that PSP does not affect symptoms of respiratory illness in the same children, nor does it affect a rural control group unaffected by PSP.
Malawi
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2012-08-03
Malawi written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-03 with Business & Economics categories.
The Malawian economy is slowly recovering, thanks to corrective measures such as the floating exchange rate regime and liberated current account transactions. Stringent fiscal discipline, restrained monetary policies, and boosting of international reserves have been suggested as measures for controlling inflation and stabilizing the macroeconomy. Operation power and freedom for results-based management (RBM) and implementation of Malawi Growth and Development Strategy II (MGDS-II) are also suggested by the Executive Board. Measures to ensure revenue gain concurrent with spending have also been recommended.
Trade Regime And Economic Growth
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Author : Charles L Chanthunya
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-07-23
Trade Regime And Economic Growth written by Charles L Chanthunya and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-23 with Business & Economics categories.
First published in 1998, this volume focuses on the relationship between trade policy and economic growth, one of the most controversial questions in the emerging paradigm on "international trade and economic development". Authored by a senior monetary expert and a senior lecturer in finance, the question is explored through institutional and policy issues with examples from a sample of ten African countries, with special reference to Malawi and Zambia. Asking which trade regime is appropriate for promoting economic growth in developing countries, the book concludes by discussing the appropriate strategy for African countries.
Targeting Technology To Reduce Poverty And Conserve Resources
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Author : Travis J. Lybbert
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2013-07-02
Targeting Technology To Reduce Poverty And Conserve Resources written by Travis J. Lybbert and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-02 with Social Science categories.
Demand heterogeneity often makes it profitable for firms to price and promote goods and services differently in different market segments. When private consumption brings public benefits, this same heterogeneity can be used to target public subsidies. We explore the design of publicprivate targeting and segmentation strategies in the case of a resource-conserving agricultural technology in India. To understand farmers heterogeneous demand for laser land leveling (LLL), we conducted an experimental auction for LLL services with an integrated randomized controlled trial to estimate the private benefits of the technology. We use graphical and econometric approaches to characterize farmer demand for LLL. We then add detailed cost data from LLL providers to simulate and evaluate several potential targeted delivery strategies based on measures of (1) the cost-effectiveness of expanding LLL dissemination, (2) water savings, and (3) market surplus in a welfare framework. These simulations demonstrate inherent tradeoffs between increasing the amount of land that is leveled and expanding the number of farmers who adopt the technology, and between adoption and water savings. While segmenting and targeting are popular elements of many publicprivate partnerships to develop and disseminate agricultural technologies, formulating and implementing effective delivery strategies requires a rich understanding of costs, benefits, and demand. Our experimental approach generates such an understanding and may be relevant in other contexts.
Mala I And Madagascar
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Author : Frederic L. Pryor
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1990
Mala I And Madagascar written by Frederic L. Pryor and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Business & Economics categories.
Provides a comparison of the economic systems and long-term economic policies of these two countries, in order to illustrate not only their different economic approaches to similar problems, but also to highlight general forces linking poverty, equity and growth in all developing nations.
Malawi
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Malawi written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with categories.
An Ex Ante Analysis Of The Impact And Cost Effectiveness Of Biofortified High Provitamin A And High Iron Banana In Uganda
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Author : John L. Fiedler
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2013-07-16
An Ex Ante Analysis Of The Impact And Cost Effectiveness Of Biofortified High Provitamin A And High Iron Banana In Uganda written by John L. Fiedler and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-16 with Social Science categories.
Uganda has made notable progress in reducing micronutrient deficiencies in recent years, but the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and anemia among children under 5 remain unacceptably high. According to World Health Organization criteria, VAD remains a public health problem in Uganda, and anemia is a severe problem. In this paper we explore the potential contribution to reducing both of these deficiencies using a genetically modified, highprovitamin A and high-iron banana (HPVAHIB) that is currently being developed. We present an ex ante analysis of the costs and nutritional benefits of HPVAHIB. Using the Ugandan National Household Survey of 2005/06, we analyzed the production and consumption patterns of highland cooking banana (nakinyika) and sweet banana (sukalindizi). Informed by the empirical findings, we developed geographically differentiated adoption, production, consumption, and diffusion patterns for several types of HPVAHIB. Based on households reported quantities of each type of banana currently consumed, we estimated the number of people consuming each banana and the quantities they consume, and then simulated the additional intakes of vitamin A and iron and estimated the number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) saved attributable to each. Combining the health impacts with the estimated costs of the project, three impact measures of the HPVAHIB are developed: the cost per DALY saved, the benefitcost ratio, and the internal rate of return. Eighteen scenarios are estimated. The base scenario, which includes only the biofortification of cooking banana with provitamin A at a level equal to 400 percent its intrinsic provitamin A content, estimates that the net present cost per DALY saved of HPVAHIB is US$62, its benefitcost ratio is 16, and its internal rate of return is 31 percent. According to criteria established by the World Health Organization and the World Bank, the HPVAHIB project is a very cost-effective health intervention.
Structural Adjustment Reconsidered
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Author : David E. Sahn
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1999-08-13
Structural Adjustment Reconsidered written by David E. Sahn and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-08-13 with Business & Economics categories.
In this 1998 study the authors isolate the effect of specific policy measures associated with adjustment programs in ten African countries.