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Exhaled Electronic Cigarette Emissions

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Exhaled Electronic Cigarette Emissions

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Author : Jonathan Thornburg
language : en
Publisher: RTI Press
Release Date : 2015-03-09

Exhaled Electronic Cigarette Emissions written by Jonathan Thornburg and has been published by RTI Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-09 with Health & Fitness categories.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a new category of nicotine delivery devices designed to closely mimic the experience of smoking conventional cigarettes. Little is known about the factors of e-cigarettes that determine non-user (secondhand) exposures that result from the vapors exhaled by the user. We found that the manufactured qualities of the e-cigarette device and the composition of the liquid determine the quantity, size, and chemical composition of the particles and vapors exhaled by the user. These factors determine the air concentration of the e-cigarette emissions and their residence time within the environment, which lead to potential secondhand exposures.

Exhaled Electronic Cigarette Emissions

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Author : Jonathan Thornburg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Exhaled Electronic Cigarette Emissions written by Jonathan Thornburg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.

Electronic Cigarettes E Cigarettes Are A New Category Of Nicotine Delivery Devices Designed To Closely Mimic The Experience Of Smoking Conventional Cigarettes Little Is Known About The Factors Of E Cigarettes That Determine Non User Secondhand Exposures That Result From The Vapors Exhaled By The User We Found That The Manufactured Qualities Of The E Cigarette Device And The Composition Of The Liquid Determine The Quantity Size And Chemical Composition Of The Particles And Vapors Exhaled By The User These Factors Determine The Air Concentration Of The E Cigarette Emissions And Their Residence Time Within The Environment Which Lead To Potential Secondhand Exposures

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Author : Jonathan Thornburg
language : en
Publisher: RTI Press
Release Date : 2015-03-15

Electronic Cigarettes E Cigarettes Are A New Category Of Nicotine Delivery Devices Designed To Closely Mimic The Experience Of Smoking Conventional Cigarettes Little Is Known About The Factors Of E Cigarettes That Determine Non User Secondhand Exposures That Result From The Vapors Exhaled By The User We Found That The Manufactured Qualities Of The E Cigarette Device And The Composition Of The Liquid Determine The Quantity Size And Chemical Composition Of The Particles And Vapors Exhaled By The User These Factors Determine The Air Concentration Of The E Cigarette Emissions And Their Residence Time Within The Environment Which Lead To Potential Secondhand Exposures written by Jonathan Thornburg and has been published by RTI Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-15 with Health & Fitness categories.

Public Health Consequences Of E Cigarettes

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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2018-05-18

Public Health Consequences Of E Cigarettes written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-18 with Medical categories.

Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.

Analytical Assessment Of E Cigarettes

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Author : Konstantinos E. Farsalinos
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2016-11-16

Analytical Assessment Of E Cigarettes written by Konstantinos E. Farsalinos and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-16 with Medical categories.

A volume in the Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series, Analytical Assessment of E-Cigarettes: From Contents to Chemical and Particle Exposure Profiles addresses the many issues surrounding electronic cigarettes in an unprecedented level of scientific detail. The plethora of product devices, formulations, and flavors, combined with the lack of industry standards and labeling requirements, quality control, and limited product oversight, has given rise to public concern about initiation of use and potential for adverse exposure and negative long-term health outcomes. This volume discusses how analytical methods can address these issues and support the manufacturing, labeling, distribution, testing, regulation, and monitoring for consistency of products with known chemical content and demonstrated performance characteristics. The book begins with the background on aerosol drug delivery services and e-cigarettes, constituents of nicotine-containing liquid dosing formulations, typical use scenarios and associated aerosol emissions, and chemical exposures and pharmacological and toxicological effect profiles, and then continues with descriptions of the analytical methods used to characterize the chemicals in formulations and emissions from e-cigarettes, including their stability, physical particle-size distribution and thermal degradation under commonly employed conditions of use. Analytical methods enabling detection of biomarkers of exposure and harm in complex biological matrices are discussed, with an emphasis on constituents or emissions of current medicinal interest or with potential to produce harm. Opportunities and challenges for analytical chemistry in supporting the continued development and use of safe and consistent dosage formulations as alternatives to tobacco products are also explored, with a concluding section describing an analytical approach to a risk-benefit assessment of e-cigarette use on human health. The Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series is published in partnership with RTI International and edited by Brian F. Thomas. Please be sure to check out our other featured volumes: Thomas, Brian F. and ElSohly, Mahmoud. The Analytical Chemistry of Cannabis: Quality Assessment, Assurance, and Regulation of Medicinal Marijuana and Cannabinoid Preparations, 9780128046463, December 2015. Hackney, Anthony C. Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry: Principles and Practice, 9780128092064, March 2016. Tanna, Sangeeta and Lawson, Graham. Analytical Chemistry for Assessing Medication Adherence, 9780128054635, April 2016. Rao, Vikram; Knight, Rob; and Stoner, Brian. Sustainable Shale Oil and Gas: Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Geochemistry Methods, 9780128103890, September 2016. Discusses the chemistry and physics involved in aerosol production, inhalation, deposition, chemical exposure, and effect assessment Contains current information and state-of-the-science methods on e-cigarette emissions, exposures, and harm assessment Offers an authoritative, objective perspective from five of the most well-recognized scientists in their areas of expertise who have no personal stake in the e-cigarette industry or the opposition Includes a foreword written by Dr. Neal Benowitz

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Government publications categories.

This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Glyoxal

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Author : J. Kielhorn
language : en
Publisher: WHO
Release Date : 2004

Glyoxal written by J. Kielhorn and has been published by WHO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Medical categories.

This publication, part of a series from the International Programme on Chemical Safety, evaluates the risk to human health and the environment posed by exposures to glyoxal. Glyoxal is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs, as a cross-linking agent in the production of a range of different polymers, as a biocide, and as a disinfecting agent. It is frequently detected in fermented food and beverages since it is produced by microbial activity as well as non-enzymatic autoxidation of oil or browning reactions of saccharides.

Assessing And Reducing Worker Exposure To Exhaled E Cigarette Aerosols In Vape Shops

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Author : Charlene Chau Minh Nguyen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022

Assessing And Reducing Worker Exposure To Exhaled E Cigarette Aerosols In Vape Shops written by Charlene Chau Minh Nguyen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.

The electronic cigarette (e-cig) has become a popular alternative nicotine delivery device that continues to grow in use and revenues. E-cigs are largely sold in vape shops, retail establishments dedicated to selling vape products. Customer sampling of e-liquids and social vaping permitted in vape shops make them sites of secondhand exposure to e-cig aerosols, which may pose potential occupational risk to vape shop workers. Pollutants emitted from e-cig use include ultrafine particles, nicotine, metals, and aldehydes, which have been previously found to induce oxidative stress responses, cause cytotoxicity in humans and animals, and increase risk of cardiovascular events. Although there is growing literature studying the health effects of mainstream e-cig aerosol inhalation, studies about health risks from secondhand exposure, particularly in workplaces, are limited. This study assessed exhaled e-cig aerosols as a potential occupational exposure among vape shop workers, and tested potential air mitigation strategies to reduce vape shop worker exposure to exhaled e-cig aerosols. First, sixty-seven vape shops were randomly surveyed and fine and ultrafine particles measured in six representative shops. Simultaneous measurements were also taken at increasing distances away from a vaping area to assess the mixing and spatial profiles of particle levels inside the shops. During vaping activity, real-time indoor particle number concentration (PNC) and gravimetric-corrected PM2.5 mass concentration across the six vape shops varied from 1.3x104 to 4.8x105 particles/cm3 and from 15.5 to 37,500 [mu]g/m3, respectively, and could rise up to 10,000 times above background for PM2.5 and 100 times above background for PNC. Exhaled e-cig particles persisted in the air, traveling and mixing in the shops. PM2.5 decayed faster than PNC over distances greater than 1.5 m from a vaping source. To explore employee exposure to e-cig aerosols in vape shops and potential associated effects as a result of exposure, urinary cotinine as a metabolic marker for nicotine exposure and select urinary oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and metal exposure response markers were measured in thirty vape shop workers, fifteen vaping and fifteen non-vaping, at the start and end of a work shift on two days, which were either the first and last days of a consecutive workday period or two separate days if a subject had a nonconsecutive workday schedule. Elevated oxidative stress, inflammation, and metal toxicity/reactive oxygen species response markers observed within a work shift were much stronger among vaping workers, whose e-cig aerosol dosage is compounded with their own e-cig use during a work shift. However, increasing cotinine, and a corresponding upward trend in a lipid peroxidation marker (8-isoprostane) between the first and last work shifts were observed in non-vaping workers with a consecutive workday schedule, indicating that these increases in nicotine exposure and oxidative stress effect may be attributable to workplace exposure to exhaled e-cig aerosols. This is further suggested with the significant association observed between cotinine and 8-isoprostane in the non-vaping group varied by vape shop, suggesting that worksite characteristics, which could include vaping activity during the shift, may induce oxidative stress. With workplace exposure to nicotine, likely from exhaled e-cig aerosols in the vape shop, a possible contributor to oxidative stress in non-vaping workers, air mitigation strategies may then be needed to reduce exposure. Effectiveness of two air mitigation strategies (enhanced ventilation at the ASHRAE-recommended ventilation rate for beauty and nail salons and high-rate portable filtration) were tested in six vape shops for particle and nicotine air concentration reduction over business hours. From baseline, mean PNC levels were reduced by an average 40% after enhanced ventilation and 61% after portable filtration across the studied shops, and mean PM2.5 levels reduced by 47% and 26%, respectively. During high vaping density in the shop, average PNC and PM2.5 concentrations were lower by 36% and 19%, respectively, during enhanced ventilation than during baseline. During portable filtration, average PNC and PM2.5 levels stayed low at varying vaping densities compared to baseline and enhanced ventilation, suggesting filtration to have a different mechanism (i.e. removal of particles) of indoor pollutant control than dilution or exhausting indoor air. From baseline, mean time-weighted average air nicotine concentrations were reduced by an average 46% after enhanced ventilation and 9% after portable filtration, suggesting enhanced ventilation may be more effective in reducing gas-phase nicotine.

E Cigarette Use Among Youth And Young Adults A Report Of The Surgeon General

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Author : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-07-26

E Cigarette Use Among Youth And Young Adults A Report Of The Surgeon General written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-26 with categories.

Tobacco use among youth and young adults in any form, including e-cigarettes, is not safe. In recent years, e-cigarette use by youth and young adults has increased at an alarming rate. E-cigarettes are now the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States. This timely report highlights the rapidly changing patterns of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults, assesses what we know about the health effects of using these products, and describes strategies that tobacco companies use to recruit our nation's youth and young adults to try and continue using e-cigarettes. The report also outlines interventions that can be adopted to minimize the harm these products cause to our nation's youth.E-cigarettes are tobacco products that deliver nicotine. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and many of today's youth who are using e-cigarettes could become tomorrow's cigarette smokers. Nicotine exposure can also harm brain development in ways that may affect the health and mental health of our kids.E-cigarette use among youth and young adults is associated with the use of other tobacco products, including conventional cigarettes. Because most tobacco use is established during adolescence, actions to prevent our nation's young people from the potential of a lifetime of nicotine addiction are critical.E-cigarette companies appear to be using many of the advertising tactics the tobacco industry used to persuade a new generation of young people to use their products. Companies are promoting their products through television and radio advertisements that use celebrities, sexual content, and claims of independence to glamorize these addictive products and make them appealing to young people.

The Neurobiology Of Olfaction

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Author : Anna Menini
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2009-11-24

The Neurobiology Of Olfaction written by Anna Menini and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-24 with Science categories.

Comprehensive Overview of Advances in OlfactionThe common belief is that human smell perception is much reduced compared with other mammals, so that whatever abilities are uncovered and investigated in animal research would have little significance for humans. However, new evidence from a variety of sources indicates this traditional view is likely

Exhaled Electronic Cigarette Emissions

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