Experimental And Computational Investigation Of Dual Fuel Diesel Natural Gas Rcci Combustion In A Heavy Duty Diesel Engine
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Experimental And Computational Investigation Of Dual Fuel Diesel Natural Gas Rcci Combustion In A Heavy Duty Diesel Engine
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Experimental And Computational Investigation Of Dual Fuel Diesel Natural Gas Rcci Combustion In A Heavy Duty Diesel Engine written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Abstract : Among the various alternative fuels, natural gas is considered as a leading candidate for heavy-duty applications due to its availability and applicability in conventional internal combustion diesel engines. Compared to their diesel counterparts natural gas fueled spark-ignited engines have a lower power density, reduced low-end torque capability, limited altitude performance, and ammonia emissions downstream of the three-way catalyst. The dual fuel diesel/natural gas engine does not suffer with the performance limitations of the spark-ignited concept due to the flexibility of switching between different fueling modes. Considerable research has already been conducted to understand the combustion behavior of dual fuel diesel/natural gas engines. As reported by most researchers, the major difficulty with dual fuel operation is the challenge of providing high levels of natural gas substitution, especially at low and medium loads. In this study extensive experimental and simulation studies were conducted to understand the combustion behavior of a heavy-duty diesel engine when operated with compressed natural gas (CNG) in a dual fuel regime. In one of the experimental studies, conducted on a 13 liter heavy-duty six cylinder diesel engine with a compression ratio of 16.7:1, it was found that at part loads high levels of CNG substitution could be achieved along with very low NOx and PM emissions by applying reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion. When compared to the diesel-only baseline, a 75% reduction in both NOx and PM emissions was observed at a 5 bar BMEP load point along with comparable fuel consumption values. Further experimental studies conducted on the 13 liter heavy-duty six cylinder diesel engine have shown that RCCI combustion targeting low NOx emissions becomes progressively difficult to control as the load is increased at a given speed or the speed is reduced at a given load. To overcome these challenges a number of simulation studies were conducted to quantify the in-cylinder conditions that are needed at high loads and low to medium engine speeds to effectively control low NOx RCCI combustion. A number of design parameters were analyzed in this study including exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate, CNG substitution, injection strategy, fuel injection pressure, fuel spray angle and compression ratio. The study revealed that lowering the compression ratio was very effective in controlling low NOx RCCI combustion. By lowering the base compression ratio by 4 points, to 12.7:1, a low NOx RCCI combustion was achieved at both 12 bar and 20 bar BMEP load points. The NOx emissions were reduced by 75% at 12 bar BMEP while fuel consumption was improved by 5.5%. For the 20 BMEP case, a 2% improvement in fuel consumption was achieved with an 87.5% reduction in NOx emissions. At both load points low PM emissions were observed with RCCI combustion. A low NOx RCCI combustion system has multiple advantages over other combustion approaches, these include; significantly lower NOx and PM emission which allows a reduction in aftertreatment cost and packaging requirements along with application of higher CNG substitution rates resulting in reduced CO2 emissions.
Numerical Simulation Of Combustion And Unburnt Products In Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engines With Multiple Injection
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Author : Arash Jamali
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Numerical Simulation Of Combustion And Unburnt Products In Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engines With Multiple Injection written by Arash Jamali and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Natural gas substitution for diesel can result in significant reduction in pollutant emissions. Based on current fuel price projections, operating costs would be lower. With a high ignition temperature and relatively low reactivity, natural gas can enable promising approaches to combustion engine design. In particular, the combination of low reactivity natural gas and high reactivity diesel may allow for optimal operation as a reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine, which has potential for high efficiency and low emissions. In this computational study, a lean mixture of natural gas is ignited by direct injection of diesel fuel in a model of the heavy-duty CAT3401 diesel engine. Dual-fuel combustion of natural gas-diesel (NGD) may provide a wider range of reactivity control than other dual-fuel combustion strategies such as gasoline-diesel dual fuel. Accurate and efficient combustion modeling can aid NGD dual-fuel engine control and optimization. In this study, multi-dimensional simulation was performed using a nite-volume computational code for fuel spray, combustion and emission processes. Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) and multi-zone reaction modeling enables simulation in a reasonable time. The latter approach avoids expensive kinetic calculations in every computational cell, with considerable speedup. Two approaches to combustion modeling are used within the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) framework. The first approach uses direct integration of the detailed chemistry and no turbulence-chemistry interaction modeling. The model produces encouraging agreement between the simulation and experimental data. For reasonable accuracy and computation cost, a minimum cell size of 0.2 millimeters is suggested for NGD dual-fuel engine combustion. In addition, the role of different chemical reaction mechanism on the NGD dual-fuel combustion is considered with this model. This work considers fundamental questions regarding combustion in NGD dual-fuel combustion, particularly about how and where fuels react, and the difference between combustion in the dual fuel mode and conventional diesel mode. The results show that in part-load working condition main part of CH4 cannot burn and it has significant effect in high level of HC emission in NGD dual-fuel engine. The CFD results reveal that homogeneous mixture of CH4 and air is too lean, and it cannot ignite in regions that any species from C7H16 chemical mechanism does not exist. It is shown that multi-injection of diesel fuel with an early main injection can reduce HC emission significantly in the NGD dual-fuel engine. In addition, the results reveal that increasing the air fuel ratio by decreasing the air amount could be a promising idea for HC emission reduction in NGD dual-fuel engine, too.
Advances In Engine And Powertrain Research And Technology
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Author : Tigran Parikyan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-03-29
Advances In Engine And Powertrain Research And Technology written by Tigran Parikyan and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The book covers a wide range of applied research compactly presented in one volume, and shows innovative engineering solutions for automotive, marine and aviation industries, as well as power generation. While targeting primarily the audience of professional scientists and engineers, the book can also be useful for graduate students, and also for all those who are relatively new to the area and are looking for a single source with a good overview of the state-of-the-art as well as an up-to-date information on theories, numerical methods, and their application in design, simulation, testing, and manufacturing. The readers will find here a rich mixture of approaches, software tools and case studies used to investigate and optimize diverse powertrains, their functional units and separate machine parts based on different physical phenomena, their mathematical representation, solution algorithms, and experimental validation.
Advances In Internal Combustion Engine Research
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Author : Dhananjay Kumar Srivastava
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-11-29
Advances In Internal Combustion Engine Research written by Dhananjay Kumar Srivastava and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book discusses all aspects of advanced engine technologies, and describes the role of alternative fuels and solution-based modeling studies in meeting the increasingly higher standards of the automotive industry. By promoting research into more efficient and environment-friendly combustion technologies, it helps enable researchers to develop higher-power engines with lower fuel consumption, emissions, and noise levels. Over the course of 12 chapters, it covers research in areas such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion and control strategies, the use of alternative fuels and additives in combination with new combustion technology and novel approaches to recover the pumping loss in the spark ignition engine. The book will serve as a valuable resource for academic researchers and professional automotive engineers alike.
Advances In Compression Ignition Natural Gas Diesel Dual Fuel Engines
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Author : Hongsheng Guo
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-03-23
Advances In Compression Ignition Natural Gas Diesel Dual Fuel Engines written by Hongsheng Guo and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Experimental And Numerical Study Of The Combustion And Emissions Of Natural Gas Diesel Dual Fuel Engine Under Different Engine Load Speed Conditions
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Author : Amin Yousefi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Experimental And Numerical Study Of The Combustion And Emissions Of Natural Gas Diesel Dual Fuel Engine Under Different Engine Load Speed Conditions written by Amin Yousefi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Universal concerns about degradation in air quality, stringent emissions regulations, energy scarcity, and global warming have prompted research and development of compressed ignition engines using alternative combustion concepts. Natural gas/diesel dual-fuel combustion is an advanced combustion concept for compression ignition diesel engines, which has attracted global attention in recent years. This combustion concept is accomplished by creating reactivity stratification in the cylinder via the use of two fuels characterized by distinctly different reactivities. The low reactivity and main fuel (i.e., natural gas) is firstly premixed with air and then charged into the cylinder through the intake manifold, and the high reactivity fuel (i.e., diesel) is then injected into the charged mixture through a direct injector. This combustion concept offers prominent benefits in terms of a significant reduction of particulate matter (PM) and sometimes nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions while maintaining comparable fuel efficiency compared to diesel engine. However, low thermal efficiency and high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under low load conditions are major challenges which prevented the implementation of dual-fuel concept in commercial automative engines. The present study investigates different combustion approaches with the aim to enhance combustion performance and reduce emissions of unburned methane, CO, NOx, soot, and GHG of natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engines under different engine load-speed conditions. In particular, the main focus of this thesis is on low load conditions where GHG emissions of conventional natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engine is much higher than that of conventional diesel engine. Alongside the experimental study, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model is developed to help understand the behaviour of natural gas/diesel dual-fuel combustion process under different engine load-speed conditions. The studied approaches showed that the fuel efficiency and GHG emissions of natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engine can be significantly improved under low engine load conditions compared to diesel engine.
Natural Gas Engines
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Author : Kalyan Kumar Srinivasan
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-11-03
Natural Gas Engines written by Kalyan Kumar Srinivasan and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book covers the various advanced reciprocating combustion engine technologies that utilize natural gas and alternative fuels for transportation and power generation applications. It is divided into three major sections consisting of both fundamental and applied technologies to identify (but not limited to) clean, high-efficiency opportunities with natural gas fueling that have been developed through experimental protocols, numerical and high-performance computational simulations, and zero-dimensional, multizone combustion simulations. Particular emphasis is placed on statutes to monitor fine particulate emissions from tailpipe of engines operating on natural gas and alternative fuels.
Clean Fuels For Mobility
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Author : Gabriele Di Blasio
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-01-01
Clean Fuels For Mobility written by Gabriele Di Blasio and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides an overview of clean fuels for sustainable mobility by highlighting on world energy outlook, technic-economic assessment, and the key aspects of the fuel production processes and their possible large impact on various transportation sector segments. The content initially deals with different types of alternative fuels, for example, ethanol, methanol, butanol, hydrogen, biogas, biodiesel, etc. It also focuses on current trends in the automotive sector. Various aspects of the clean fuels production process and formulation to improve the combustion characteristics and efficiency toward sustainability are considered. Some of the important fuels like hydrogen, ammonia, natural gas etc. are discussed in detail. This volume will be useful for the industrial and research community involved in fuels, combustion engines, and environmental research.
High Power Output Operation Of Rcci Combustion
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
High Power Output Operation Of Rcci Combustion written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
A computational investigation of methods to extend the upper limit of power output of reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engines was performed. The study utilized two approaches. The first approach is to increase the engine speed while maintaining a medium load. The second approach is to operate at higher loads without changing the engine speed. Iso-octane and n-heptane were used to represent the low-reactivity fuel and high-reactivity fuel, respectively. A light-duty diesel engine was modeled for the high speed dual-fuel RCCI combustion study. With high-speed operation several benefits were identified. Firstly, the peak pressure rise rates (PPRR), both crank angle-based and time-based, were reduced compared to those with low-speed operation. Secondly, at high speed the NO formation residence time became short, leading to reduced NOx emissions. Lastly, a frictional penalty analysis of high-speed operation using the Chen-Flynn model was conducted, which showed only 0.5 bar FMEP increase compared to that at low-speed. These findings indicate that high-speed RCCI is a very promising path for high-power output operation. For the high-load operation study use of dual direct-injectors was explored in order to direct-inject both fuels. Analysis of the optimum injection strategy revealed two main physical mechanisms enabling high-load operation with dual direct-injectors. The first exploited local evaporative cooling from the iso-octane injection, which delayed the iso-octane ignition. The second mechanism was related to the shorter chemical residence time of the iso-octane due to its late delivery into the cylinder. It was also noted that n-heptane's role as an ignition source could not be achieved with just iso-octane. Finally, the co-axial injector location assumption was removed by using an actual dual-injector layout. Unlike results with the co-axial injector design, the actual dual-injector layout exhibited soot and CO emission problems. In order to attempt to accommodate off-center injector locations, various injector hole patterns were tested. Although these unconventional injector hole patterns improved the emissions, it is concluded that the development of a co-axial dual-fuel injector is imperative in order to achieve clean RCCI combustion at high load.
Experimental Investigation Of Fuel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Rcci Combustion Mode In A Multi Cylinder Light Duty Diesel Engine
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Experimental Investigation Of Fuel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Rcci Combustion Mode In A Multi Cylinder Light Duty Diesel Engine written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
An experimental study was performed to provide the combustion and emission characteristics resulting from fuel-reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion mode utilizing dual-fuel approach in a light-duty, multi-cylinder diesel engine. In-cylinder fuel blending using port fuel injection of gasoline before intake valve opening (IVO) and early-cycle, direct injection of diesel fuel was used as the charge preparation and fuel blending strategy. In order to achieve the desired auto-ignition quality through the stratification of the fuel-air equivalence ratio (), blends of commercially available gasoline and diesel fuel were used. Engine experiments were performed at an engine speed of 2300rpm and an engine load of 4.3bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). It was found that significant reduction in both nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) was realized successfully through the RCCI combustion mode even without applying exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). However, high carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were observed. The low combustion gas temperature during the expansion and exhaust processes seemed to be the dominant source of high CO emissions in the RCCI combustion mode. The high HC emissions during the RCCI combustion mode could be due to the increased combustion quenching layer thickness as well as the -stratification at the periphery of the combustion chamber. The slightly higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the RCCI combustion mode was observed than the other combustion modes, such as the conventional diesel combustion (CDC) mode, and single-fuel, premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion mode. The parametric study of the RCCI combustion mode revealed that the combustion phasing and/or the peak cylinder pressure rise rate of the RCCI combustion mode could be controlled by several physical parameters premixed ratio (rp), intake swirl intensity, and start of injection (SOI) timing of directly injected fuel unlike other low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies.