Experimental And Numerical Analysis Of Traffic Emitted Nanoparticle And Particulate Matter Dispersion At Urban Pollution Hot Spots
DOWNLOAD
Download Experimental And Numerical Analysis Of Traffic Emitted Nanoparticle And Particulate Matter Dispersion At Urban Pollution Hot Spots PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Experimental And Numerical Analysis Of Traffic Emitted Nanoparticle And Particulate Matter Dispersion At Urban Pollution Hot Spots book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Experimental And Numerical Analysis Of Traffic Emitted Nanoparticle And Particulate Matter Dispersion At Urban Pollution Hot Spots
DOWNLOAD
Author : Anju Goel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Experimental And Numerical Analysis Of Traffic Emitted Nanoparticle And Particulate Matter Dispersion At Urban Pollution Hot Spots written by Anju Goel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Urban Airborne Particulate Matter
DOWNLOAD
Author : Fathi Zereini
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-02-16
Urban Airborne Particulate Matter written by Fathi Zereini and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-16 with Science categories.
This book presents the most up-to-date research and information regarding the origin, chemistry, fate and health impacts of airborne particulate matter in urban areas, a topic which has received a great deal of attention in recent years due to documented relationships between exposure and health effects such as asthma. With internationally recognised researchers and academics presenting their work and key concepts and approaches from a variety of disciplines, including environmental and analytical chemistry, biology, toxicology, mineralogy and the geosciences, this book addresses the topic of urban airborne particulate matter in a comprehensive, multidisciplinary manner. Topics and research addressed in the book range from common methodological approaches used to sample and analyse the composition of airborne particulates to our knowledge regarding their potential to impact human health and the various policy approaches taken internationally to regulate particulate matter levels.
Wind Tunnel Study And Numerical Analysis On Particulate Matter Dispersion In A Three Dimensional Street Canyon
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mengfan Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Wind Tunnel Study And Numerical Analysis On Particulate Matter Dispersion In A Three Dimensional Street Canyon written by Mengfan Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
This study aims to identify lower risk exterior shelter areas and building air intake locations by modelling particulate matter (PM) dispersion in a three-dimensional street canyon from a point source and comprises a wind tunnel experiment and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The model street canyon for this investigation was a two-by-two building matrix of constant height with aspect ratios of 0.35, 0.70, and 1.05. A PM emission source external to the street canyon simulated a scenario of an accidental point release. The experimental PM source was simulated with water droplets from an ultrasonic humidifier in the wind tunnel. The wind tunnel experiment provided the data to calibrate the CFD simulation, from which a wider set of results could be evaluated.In the no-building case, measured PM concentrations from the wind tunnel experiment agreed with a modified Gaussian plume model of a continuous point source with a first-order decay term (adjusted R^2 = 0.786). The effective emission rate of the humidifier was estimated to be 5.27*106 particles/s. With street canyons, the association between a lower PM concentration and a greater aspect ratio contradicted past literature, mainly because the measurements locations were at the center of the internal intersection and the vertical vortices that could reduce street canyon ventilation capacity were absent in this experiment. The CFD simulation produced PM concentrations with a relative deviation of 54.9% on average from those of the wind tunnel experiment. Inside the street canyon, the leeward sidewalks of the transverse exits had the lowest PM concentration at the breathing level of 1.5 m above the ground. Regardless of wind direction, PM source location, and aspect ratio, the top 1 m of and the bottom 1 m of any faade surface and the roof had the lowest PM concentration among all building surfaces with access to the internal intersection. Therefore, if an accidental release of PM occurs and the source is identified as a point source outside the street canyons, pedestrians should move to the leeward sidewalks of the transverse exits, as other locations can have pedestrians exposed to at least a 60% higher PM concentration than the recommended evacuation site. For building construction and renovation, new ventilation air intakes should be installed at the top 1 m and the bottom 1 m of any faade surface and the roofs, as they registered up to 60.8% PM concentration at the unrecommended location in this scenario.
Regional Scale Dispersion Modeling And Analysis Of Directly Emitted Fine Particulate Matter From Mobile Source Pollutants Using Aermod
DOWNLOAD
Author : Seth Daniel Contreras
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Regional Scale Dispersion Modeling And Analysis Of Directly Emitted Fine Particulate Matter From Mobile Source Pollutants Using Aermod written by Seth Daniel Contreras and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
A large and growing body of literature associates proximity to major roadways with increased risk of many negative health outcomes and suggests that exposure to fine particulate matter may be a substantial factor. Directly emitted and non-reactive mobile source air pollutants such as directly emitted fine particulate matter can form large spatial concentration gradients along major roadways, in addition to causing significantly large temporal and seasonal variation in air pollutant concentrations within urban areas. Current modeling and regulatory approaches for minimizing exposure have limited spatial resolution and do not fully exploit the available data. The objective is to establish a methodology for quantifying fine particulate matter concentration gradients due to mobile source pollutants and to estimate the resulting population exposure at a regional scale. A novel air dispersion modeling framework is proposed using the Environmental Protection Agency's regulatory model AERMOD with data from a regional travel demand model that can produce a high resolution concentration surface for a considerably large metropolitan area; in our case, Los Angeles County, California. We find that PM2.5 concentrations are highest and most widespread during the morning and evening commutes, particularly during the winter months. This is likely caused by a combination of stable atmospheric conditions during the early morning and after sunset in the evening and higher traffic volumes during the morning and evening commutes. During the midday hours concentrations are at their lowest even though traffic volumes are still much higher than during the evening. This is likely the result of heating during the day time which leads to unstable atmospheric conditions that cause more vertical mixing and lateral dispersion, reducing ground level PM2.5 concentrations by transport and dilution. With respect to roadway centerlines, PM2.5 concentrations drop off quickly, reaching relatively low concentrations between 150m to 200m from the center line of high volume roads. However, during stable atmospheric conditions (e.g., nighttime & winter season) concentrations remain elevated at distances up to 1,000m from roadway centerlines. We will demonstrate the feasibility of our methodology and how integrating the dispersion modeling framework into the travel demand modeling process routinely performed when developing and analyzing regional transportation improvement initiatives can lead to more environmentally and financially sustainable transportation plans. Regional strategies that minimize exposure, rather than inventories, could be established, environmental justice concerns are easily identified, and projects likely to cause local pollution "hotspots" can be proactively screened out, saving time and money for the transportation agency.
Road Dust And Pm10 In The Nordic Countries
DOWNLOAD
Author : Kupiainen, K
language : en
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
Release Date : 2017-01-27
Road Dust And Pm10 In The Nordic Countries written by Kupiainen, K and has been published by Nordic Council of Ministers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nordic countries suffer from periodic worsening of the air quality during spring with high peak PM10 concentrations (airborne particulate matter with diameter less than 10 µm or 0.01 mm). Characteristic for the high springtime PM10 concentrations are high shares of coarse particles (with diameters between 2.5 and 10µm), a signature of non-exhaust traffic dust formed via abrasion and wear of pavement, traction control materials, vehicle brakes and tyres. This Policy Brief summarizes the current understanding of the road dust system and presents the mitigation measures and policies currently in place in the Nordic countries. It has been compiled as part of the NORTRIP project funded by the Climate and air pollution working group of the Nordic Council of Ministers by researchers from 11 Nordic institutes studying different aspects of traffic non-exhaust emissions and road dust.
Urban Air Pollution Mapping And Traffic Intensity
DOWNLOAD
Author : Rasa Zalakeviciute
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Urban Air Pollution Mapping And Traffic Intensity written by Rasa Zalakeviciute and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Science categories.
Air pollution represents one of the greatest risks to human health, with most of the world,Äôs cities exceeding World Health Organization,Äôs recommendations for air quality. In developing countries, a major share of air pollution comes from traffic, consequently, creating air pollution hot spots inside urban street networks. While the world needs to switch to more active and sustainable ways of commuting in order to reduce traffic emissions and help improve degrading cardiopulmonary health due to increasingly sedentary habits, studies point to the negative effects of physical activity near traffic emissions. Common approaches of urban cycling infrastructure planning rely on space availability and route needs, omitting the most vital aspect,Äîair quality. This study, therefore, combines the worldwide need for active commute and health benefits of the cyclists. Our goal was to produce urban pollution map through the geoprocessing of Google Traffic data, validated through the correlation of street level PM2.5 (particulate matter
Identification And Characterization Of Fine Particulate Matter Hot Spots On An Urban Arterial Corridor Integrating Probe Vehicle Traffic And Land Use Data
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Identification And Characterization Of Fine Particulate Matter Hot Spots On An Urban Arterial Corridor Integrating Probe Vehicle Traffic And Land Use Data written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Air quality categories.
The purpose of this study is to explore the use of integrated probe vehicle, traffic and land use data to identify and characterize fine particulate matter (PM[subscript 2.5]) hot spot locations on urban arterial corridors. In addition, a preliminary analysis is conducted to consider volatile organic compound (VOC) hot spot locations. A pollutant hot spot is defined as a location on a corridor in which the mean pollutant concentrations are consistently above the 85th percentile of pollutant concentrations when compared to all locations along the corridor. In order to collect data for this study, an electric vehicle was equipped with instruments designed to measure PM[subscript 2.5] and total VOC (TVOC) concentrations. Second-by-second measurements were performed for each pollutant from both the right and left sides of the vehicle. Detailed meteorological, traffic and land use data is also available for this research. The results of a statistical analysis, including multiple regression, are used to better understand which data sources are most valuable in estimating PM[subscript 2.5] hot spot locations consistent with empirical data; knowledge is gained as to which variables have the strongest statistical relationships with traffic emissions and pollutant levels at a corridor level. A preliminary analysis is also completed to consider which variables are statistically related to TVOC hot spot locations. This research highlights the importance of considering both consistency and magnitude of pollutant concentrations when identifying hot spot locations. An objective of this research is to develop a method to identify urban arterial hot spot locations that provides a balance of efficiency (in terms of capital expenses, time, resources, expertise requirements, etc.) and accuracy.
Airborne Particulate Matter
DOWNLOAD
Author : R M Harrison
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2016-08-18
Airborne Particulate Matter written by R M Harrison and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-18 with Science categories.
The estimated health impacts and associated economic costs resulting from airborne particulate matter are substantial. Exposure to airborne fine particles ranks highly amongst preventable causes of disease. This book reviews the sources and atmospheric processes affecting airborne particulate matter and consequent impacts upon human health. Examining the latest information on the sources of particles in the atmosphere, both through direct emissions and atmospheric formation, the book also explores the methods which are used to estimate the contributions of different sources to airborne concentrations. Featuring case studies from recent assessments in Europe, the USA, China and India, the book provides a global overview of source apportionment. The health effects are reviewed in the context of the influence of sources, chemical composition and particle size upon relative toxicity. This comprehensive book is an important reference for policymakers and consultants working with pollution and human health, as well as academics working in atmospheric chemistry.
Vehicular Particulate Matter
DOWNLOAD
Author : Elizabeth Ann Yura
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Vehicular Particulate Matter written by Elizabeth Ann Yura and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Particulates Matter
DOWNLOAD
Author : Vikram Rao
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-11-28
Particulates Matter written by Vikram Rao and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-28 with Science categories.
A title in the Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series, Particulates Matter: Impact, Measurement, and Remediation of Airborne Pollutants provides the latest technical findings in the study of particulate matter (PM). It links these findings to awareness-raising and actionable schemes for legislated remediation and engineered solutions. Written in an engaging and informative manner, the book begins with a multi-disciplinary overview of the major sources and unique classes of PM, detection techniques, and their impact, including molecular changes resulting in health effects. It then goes one step further by proposing and examining the means to curtail and contain PM generation and ameliorate their impacts. Particulates Matter: Impact, Measurement, and Remediation of Airborne Pollutants offers a high-quality reference guide to PM that will greatly benefit technology leaders in environmental compliance groups, epidemiologists and other public health professionals focused on pollution and health, and researchers and scholars working in pollution, climate change, and urbanization. It may also be useful to advanced undergraduate and early graduate students in environmental sciences. Includes a summary of the current knowledge on nanoparticles as pollutants and their negative health effects Provides a framework for the evolution and maturation of air pollution characterization and mitigation Describes an integrated set of engineered solutions that account for the concatenated relationships between technology, policy, and society necessary for long-term success