Experimental Determination Of Stone Tool Uses
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Experimental Determination Of Stone Tool Uses
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Author : Lawrence H. Keeley
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1980-03-15
Experimental Determination Of Stone Tool Uses written by Lawrence H. Keeley and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980-03-15 with Social Science categories.
A major problem confronting archeologists is how to determine the function of ancient stone tools. In this important work, Lawrence H. Keeley reports on his own highly successful course of research into the uses of British Paleolithic flint implements. His principal method of investigation, known as "microwear analysis," was the microscopic examination of traces of use left on flint implements in the form of polishes, striations, and breakage patterns. The most important discovery arising from Keeley's research was that, at magnifications of 100x to 400x, there was a high correlation between the detailed appearance of microwear polishes formed on tool edges and the general category of material worked by that edge. For example, different and distinctive types of microwear polish were formed during use on wood, bone, hide, meat, and soft plant material. These correlations between microwear polish and worked material were independent of the method of use (cutting, sawing, scraping, and so on). In combining evidence of polish type with other traces of use, Keeley was able to make precise reconstructions of tool functions. This book includes the results of a "blind test" of Keeley's functional interpretations which revealed remarkable agreement between the actual and inferred use of the tools tested. Keeley applied his method of microwear analysis to artifacts from three excavation sites in Britain—Clacton-on-the-sea, Swanscombe, and Hoxne. His research suggests new hypotheses concerning such Paleolithic problems as inter-assemblage variability, the function of Acheulean hand axes, sidescrapers, and chopper-cores and points the way to future research in Stone Age studies.
Stone Tool Use At Cerros
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Author : Suzanne M. Lewenstein
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2012-10-10
Stone Tool Use At Cerros written by Suzanne M. Lewenstein and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-10 with Social Science categories.
For centuries scholars have pondered and speculated over the uses of the chipped stone implements uncovered at archaeological sites. Recently a number of researchers have attempted to determine prehistoric tool function through experimentation and through observation of the few remaining human groups who still retain this knowledge. Learning how stone tools were made and used in the past can tell us a great deal about ancient economic systems, exchange networks, and the social and political structure of prehistoric societies. Suzanne M. Lewenstein used the artifacts from Cerros, an important Late Preclassic (200 BC–AD 200) Mayan site in northern Belize, to study stone tool function. Through a comprehensive program of experimentation with stone tool replicas, she was able not only to infer the tasks performed by individual tool specimens but also to recognize a wide variety of past activities for which stone tools were used. Unlike previous works that focused on hunter-gatherer groups, Stone Tool Use at Cerros is the first comprehensive experimental study of tool use in an agricultural society. The lithic data are used in an economic interpretation of a lowland Mayan community within a hierarchically complex society. Apart from its significance to Mayan studies, this innovative work offers the beginnings of a reference collection of identifiable tool functions that may be documented for sedentary, complex society. It will be of major interest to all archaeologists and anthropologists, as well as those interested in economic specialization and artisanry in complex societies.
Archaeology In Practice
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Author : Jane Balme
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-01-14
Archaeology In Practice written by Jane Balme and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-14 with Social Science categories.
This much-enhanced new edition of the highly accessible guide to practical archaeology is a vital resource for students. It features the latest methodologies, a wealth of case studies from around the world, and contributions from leading specialists in archaeological materials analysis. New edition updated to include the latest archaeological methods, an enhanced focus on post-excavation analysis and new material including a dedicated chapter on analyzing human remains Covers the full range of current analytic methods, such as analysis of stone tools, human remains and absolute dating Features a user-friendly structure organized according to material types such as animal bones, ceramics and stone artifacts, as well as by thematic topics ranging from dating techniques to report writing, and ethical concerns. Accessible to archaeology students at all levels, with detailed references and extensive case studies featured throughout
British And Irish Archaeology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Manchester University Press
Release Date : 1994
British And Irish Archaeology written by and has been published by Manchester University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Excavations (Archaeology) categories.
A Dictionary Of Archaeology
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Author : Ian Shaw
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-04-15
A Dictionary Of Archaeology written by Ian Shaw and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-15 with Social Science categories.
This dictionary provides those studying or working in archaeology with a complete reference to the field.
Understanding Stone Tools And Archaeological Sites
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Author : Brian Patrick Kooyman
language : en
Publisher: University of Calgary Press
Release Date : 2000
Understanding Stone Tools And Archaeological Sites written by Brian Patrick Kooyman and has been published by University of Calgary Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Archaeology categories.
Understanding Stone Tools and Archaeological Sites is a valuable volume of investigative archaeology focuses on stone tools, the artifacts produced by these tools, and the revealing debris left behind at sites where they were produced. The majority of study sites discussed are in western North America, including Alberta's own Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, a World Heritage Site. Suitable for both the scholar and the interested layperson, provides a comprehensive study in archaeological lithic analysis. This concise, "hands-on" guide to practical exploration at stone tool sites will become required reading for those pursuing studies of any sort in prehistoric lithic artifacts. The inclusion of maps, illustrations, and photographs broadens the reader's understanding of deriving meaning and relevance in the study of stone tool technology.
Learning Strategies And Cultural Evolution During The Palaeolithic
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Author : Alex Mesoudi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-04-30
Learning Strategies And Cultural Evolution During The Palaeolithic written by Alex Mesoudi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-30 with Social Science categories.
This volume is motivated by the desire to explain why Neanderthals were replaced by modern humans, in terms of cultural differences between the two (sub-) species. It provides up-to-date coverage on the theory of cultural evolution as is being used by anthropologists, archaeologists, biologists and psychologists to decipher hominin cultural change and diversity during the Palaeolithic. The contributing authors are directly involved in this effort and the material presented includes novel approaches and findings. Chapters explain how learning strategies in combination with social and demographic factors (e.g., population size and mobility patterns) predict cultural evolution in a world without the printing press, television or the Internet. Also addressed is the inverse problem of how learning strategies may be inferred from actual trajectories of cultural change, for example as seen in the North American Palaeolithic. Mathematics and statistics, a sometimes necessary part of theory, are explained in elementary terms where they appear, with details relegated to appendices. Full citations of the relevant literature will help the reader to further pursue any topic of interest.
Lithic Technology In The Middle Potomac River Valley Of Maryland And Virginia
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Author : Wm. Jack Hranicky
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Lithic Technology In The Middle Potomac River Valley Of Maryland And Virginia written by Wm. Jack Hranicky and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Social Science categories.
The archaeological focus on a single geographical area offers an opportunity to present projectile point typology as a microtechnology even though some of the types have widespread distributions. The area of the Middle Potomac River Valley presents a physical artefact collection for a view of prehistory. This volume, which includes several hundred images of the investigation, artefacts and archaeological research compiled and recorded from over 30 years of work in the area, includes: -an overview of the Middle Potomac River Valley archaeology including the peoples and sites; -new data and interpretations for the lithic technology of the area; and -classification and typology of artefacts including the usage of projectile point, axe, celt, drill, and knife implements. This work will be of great interest to prehistory archaeologists, especially those working in the Middle Atlantic region of the United States.
Methods For The Analysis Of Stone Artefacts
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Author : Yvonne Tafelmaier
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-01-13
Methods For The Analysis Of Stone Artefacts written by Yvonne Tafelmaier and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-13 with Social Science categories.
This essential gives an overview of current methods of analysis of stone artefacts ranging from attribute analysis of entire inventories to microscopic analyses of traces of use of individual artefacts. The presented approaches show the range of analysis of prehistoric stone artefacts in the German-speaking area. Simple examples of application illustrate the possibilities and limitations of each method. The content and structure of the essentials is identical to teaching units for learning methods of stone artefact analysis at the University of Tübingen in the Department of Early Prehistory.
Multidisciplinary Approaches To The Study Of Stone Age Weaponry
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Author : Radu Iovita
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-28
Multidisciplinary Approaches To The Study Of Stone Age Weaponry written by Radu Iovita and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-28 with Science categories.
The objective of this volume is to showcase the contemporary state of research on recognizing and evaluating the performance of stone age weapons from a variety of viewpoints, including investigating their cognitive and evolutionary significance. New archaeological finds and experimental studies have helped to bring this subject back to the forefront of human origins research. In the last few years, investigations have expanded beyond examining the tools themselves to include studies of damage caused by projectile weapons on animal and hominin bones and skeletal asymmetries in ancient hominin populations. Only recently has there been a growing interest in controlled and replicative experiments. Through this book readers will be updated in the state of knowledge through a multidisciplinary scientific reconstruction of prehistoric weapon use and its implications. Contributions from expert authors are organized into three themed parts: recognizing weapon use (experimental and archaeological studies of impact traces), performance of weapon systems (factors influencing penetration depth etc.), and behavioral and evolutionary ramifications (cognitive and ecological effects of using different weapons).