Experimental Investigation Of Transient Operation And Low Temperature Combustion In A Light Duty Diesel Engine
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Experimental Investigation Of Transient Operation And Low Temperature Combustion In A Light Duty Diesel Engine
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Experimental Investigation Of Transient Operation And Low Temperature Combustion In A Light Duty Diesel Engine written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Detailed and highly time resolved experimental measurements were used to characterize the effects of transient operation on the performance of a light duty diesel engine, and to identify the physical processes responsible for transient-specific combustion behavior. The engine response to transient events varied with the size and type of transition and the combustion strategy used, but the underlying processes were similar in all cases. Differences in the response rate of the fuel and air systems caused large variations in the equivalence ratio of the combustion charge during transient events. For moderate to low load conditions, this was primarily due to the discrepancy between the instantaneous intake air flow rate and the composition of the intake charge caused by storage of exhaust gas in the EGR system. This effect was particularly significant for early injection LTC operation due to higher EGR rates and greater dependence of combustion phasing on intake charge composition. Individual combustion cycles during transient events were compared to steady state operation at the same speed and load to quantify the differences in physical conditions. The greatest effect on combustion and emissions was due to differences in intake charge composition, which varied significantly between transient and steady state operation. The response time of the common rail pressure also contributed to transient behavior in situations where the target pressure varied with changes in speed or load. During larger load transitions, thermal inertia of the engine system had a significant effect on emissions, particularly UHC, but did not influence the combustion phasing or heat release rate. The characteristic rates of change of the charge gas, fluid, and physical component temperatures in response to speed or load transitions were much slower than those of other variables such as pressures or flow rates, and were consistent with concurrent variations in engine-out emissions levels. Numerous mechanisms by which thermal inertia could affect emissions formation were identified, including variation of the intake manifold charge gas temperature, in-cylinder heat transfer, and changing physical properties of the fuel.
Experimental Investigation Of Transient Rcci Combustion In A Light Duty Diesel Engine
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Experimental Investigation Of Transient Rcci Combustion In A Light Duty Diesel Engine written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) is currently being researched as a way to reduce problematic emissions (i.e., NOx and PM) from compression-ignition engines while maintaining high fuel efficiency. One of the primary types of LTC is Premixed Compression Ignition (PCI), with some examples of PCI being homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI), reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) and partially premixed combustion (PPC). These LTC strategies use early fuel injections to allow sufficient time for air/fuel mixing before combustion. By increasing the amount of air/fuel premixing, NOx and PM emissions can be lowered due to the reduced local and global equivalence ratios. The lean nature of PCI also maintains high thermal efficiency due to the reduced heat transfer losses from the reduced peak combustion temperatures. However, too much air/fuel premixing can lead to rapid energy release rates, limiting the operation space for PCI. To combat this problem, the combustion strategy of interest for the study, RCCI, uses fuel reactivity gradients to increase combustion duration (i.e., reduce the energy release rate) and phasing control, thereby increasing the engine operating space for PCI operation. Previous tests [1-7] have shown promising results for petroleum-based fuels with RCCI. Recent work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has shown how blends of biofuels with petroleum fuels can improve RCCI combustion performance [8,9] The work sets out to examine biofuel performance over a wide engine operating space both at steady-state and transient operating conditions with RCCI combustion. It is hoped to demonstrate the capability and effects of using bio-derived fuels in place of conventional petroleum-derived fuels for advanced combustion strategies under real-world operating conditions. In RCCI operation, blends of biodiesel and ethanol fuels will be investigated to examine the fuel effects on the combustion event.
Experimental Investigation Of Gasoline Compression Ignition Combustion In A Light Duty Diesel Engine
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Experimental Investigation Of Gasoline Compression Ignition Combustion In A Light Duty Diesel Engine written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Due to increased ignition delay and volatility, low temperature combustion (LTC) research utilizing gasoline fuel has experienced recent interest [1-3]. These characteristics improve air-fuel mixing prior to ignition allowing for reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot (or particulate matter, PM). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results at the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Engine Research Center (Ra et al. [4, 5]) have validated these attributes and established baseline operating parameters for a gasoline compression ignition (GCI) concept in a light-duty diesel engine over a large load range (3-16 bar net IMEP). In addition to validating these computational results, subsequent experiments at the Engine Research Center utilizing a single cylinder research engine based on a GM 1.9-liter diesel engine have progressed fundamental understanding of gasoline autoignition processes, and established the capability of critical controlling input parameters to better control GCI operation. The focus of this thesis can be divided into three segments: 1) establishment of operating requirements in the low-load operating limit, including operation sensitivities with respect to inlet temperature, and the capabilities of injection strategy to minimize NOx emissions while maintaining good cycle-to-cycle combustion stability; 2) development of novel three-injection strategies to extend the high load limit; and 3) having developed fundamental understanding of gasoline autoignition kinetics, and how changes in physical processes (e.g. engine speed effects, inlet pressure variation, and air-fuel mixture processes) affects operation, develop operating strategies to maintain robust engine operation. Collectively, experimental results have demonstrated the ability of GCI strategies to operate over a large load-speed range (3 bar to 17.8 bar net IMEP and 1300-2500 RPM, respectively) with low emissions (NOx and PM less than 1 g/kg-FI and 0.2 g/kg-FI, respectively), and low fuel consumption (gross indicated fuel consumption
An Experimental Investigation Of Low Temperature Combustion Regimes In A Light Duty Engine
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
An Experimental Investigation Of Low Temperature Combustion Regimes In A Light Duty Engine written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Abstract : A continuous investigation on the improvement of internal combustion engines is necessary due to the stringent emission and fuel economy regulations. Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) is a promising field of research since it can simultaneously reduce NOx and soot while attaining high thermal efficiencies in automotive engines. A thorough study of several LTC regimes is necessary to understand the quantitative comparison and the extent of feasibility of these regimes functioning on an automotive engine. This thesis concentrates on an experimental investigation of three different LTC modes namely Homogeneously Charged Compression Ignition (HCCI), Partially Premixed Compression Ignition (PPCI) and Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) on a 2.0-liter 4-cylinder gasoline engine. A detailed experimental study of the LTC regimes with over 2,500 data points on a GM 2.0 L Ecotec engine is performed to study the relationship among the engine variables, combustion and performance characteristics. The operating range extension of the engine for lean limit and load limit while functioning in each combustion mode is discussed through operating region maps. Performance metric maps for indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), thermal efficiency and exhaust temperature are developed and discussed. The optimized maps are developed for each LTC regime considering the best ISFC at each speed-load condition. Moreover, the behavior of the engine for each combustion mode is investigated and discussed through the trends observed for combustion phasing (CA10, CA50, CA90 and BD) and performance metrics (IMEP, indicated thermal efficiency, combustion efficiency). The results show that the RCCI combustion mode offers the best indicated thermal efficiency of 47% among the three LTC modes. The Start of Injection (SOI) of n-heptane is found as a dominant factor in order to determine the optimal combustion phasing. The results of a comparative study indicate that HCCI is more suitable for running the engine at low loads, PPCI for low-mid loads and RCCI for mid-high loads.
Diesel Engine Transient Operation
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Author : Constantine D. Rakopoulos
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-03-10
Diesel Engine Transient Operation written by Constantine D. Rakopoulos and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Traditionally, the study of internal combustion engines operation has focused on the steady-state performance. However, the daily driving schedule of automotive and truck engines is inherently related to unsteady conditions. In fact, only a very small portion of a vehicle’s operating pattern is true steady-state, e. g. , when cruising on a motorway. Moreover, the most critical conditions encountered by industrial or marine engines are met during transients too. Unfortunately, the transient operation of turbocharged diesel engines has been associated with slow acceleration rate, hence poor driveability, and overshoot in particulate, gaseous and noise emissions. Despite the relatively large number of published papers, this very important subject has been treated in the past scarcely and only segmentally as regards reference books. Merely two chapters, one in the book Turbocharging the Internal Combustion Engine by N. Watson and M. S. Janota (McMillan Press, 1982) and another one written by D. E. Winterbone in the book The Thermodynamics and Gas Dynamics of Internal Combustion Engines, Vol. II edited by J. H. Horlock and D. E. Winterbone (Clarendon Press, 1986) are dedicated to transient operation. Both books, now out of print, were published a long time ago. Then, it seems reasonable to try to expand on these pioneering works, taking into account the recent technological advances and particularly the global concern about environmental pollution, which has intensified the research on transient (diesel) engine operation, typically through the Transient Cycles certification of new vehicles.
Characteristics And Control Of Low Temperature Combustion Engines
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Author : Rakesh Kumar Maurya
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-11-03
Characteristics And Control Of Low Temperature Combustion Engines written by Rakesh Kumar Maurya and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book deals with novel advanced engine combustion technologies having potential of high fuel conversion efficiency along with ultralow NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. It offers insight into advanced combustion modes for efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels. Fundamentals of various advanced low temperature combustion (LTC) systems such as HCCI, PCCI, PPC and RCCI engines and their fuel quality requirements are also discussed. Detailed performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of futuristic engine technologies such as PPC and RCCI employing conventional as well as alternative fuels are analyzed and discussed. Special emphasis is placed on soot particle number emission characterization, high load limiting constraints, and fuel effects on combustion characteristics in LTC engines. For closed loop combustion control of LTC engines, sensors, actuators and control strategies are also discussed. The book should prove useful to a broad audience, including graduate students, researchers, and professionals Offers novel technologies for improved and efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels; Deals with most advanced and futuristic engine combustion modes such as PPC and RCCI; Comprehensible presentation of the performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of low temperature combustion (LTC) engines; Deals with closed loop combustion control of advanced LTC engines; State-of-the-art technology book that concisely summarizes the recent advancements in LTC technology. .
Optimizing Low Temperature Diesel Combustion Ltc D Freedomcar And Vehicle Technologies Program Solicitation For University Research And Graduate Automotice Technology Education Gate Centers Of Excellence
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Optimizing Low Temperature Diesel Combustion Ltc D Freedomcar And Vehicle Technologies Program Solicitation For University Research And Graduate Automotice Technology Education Gate Centers Of Excellence written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
The engine industry is currently facing severe emissions mandates. Pollutant emissions from mobile sources are a major source of concern. For example, US EPA mandates require emissions of particulate and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from heavy-duty diesel engine exhaust to drop at least 90 percent between 1998 and 2010. Effective analysis of the combustion process is required to guide the selection of technologies for future development since exhaust after-treatment solutions are not currently available that can meet the required emission reduction goals. The goal of this project is to develop methods to optimize and control Low Temperature Combustion Diesel technologies (LTC-D) that offers the potential of nearly eliminating engine NOx and particulate emissions at reduced cost over traditional methods by controlling pollutant emissions in-cylinder. The work was divided into 5 Tasks, featuring experimental and modeling components: 1.) Fundamental understanding of LTC-D and advanced model development, 2.) Experimental investigation of LTC-D combustion control concepts, 3.) Application of detailed models for optimization of LTC-D combustion and emissions, 4.) Impact of heat transfer and spray impingement on LTC-D combustion, and 5.) Transient engine control with mixed-mode combustion. As described in the final report (December 2008), outcomes from the research included providing guidelines to the engine and energy industries for achieving optimal low temperature combustion operation through using advanced fuel injection strategies, and the potential to extend low temperature operation through manipulation of fuel characteristics. In addition, recommendations were made for improved combustion chamber geometries that are matched to injection sprays and that minimize wall fuel films. The role of fuel-air mixing, fuel characteristics, fuel spray/wall impingement and heat transfer on LTC-D engine control were revealed. Methods were proposed for transient engine operation during load and speed changes to extend LTC-D engine operating limits, power density and fuel economy. Low emissions engine design concepts were proposed and evaluated.
Advanced Biofuels
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Author : Kalam Abul Azad
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2019-06-09
Advanced Biofuels written by Kalam Abul Azad and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-09 with Business & Economics categories.
Advanced Biofuels: Applications, Technologies, and Environmental Sustainability presents recent developments and applications of biofuels in the field of internal combustion engines, with a primary focus on the recent approaches of biodiesel applications, low emission alternative fuels, and environmental sustainability. Editors Dr. Azad and Dr. Rasul, along with their team of expert contributors, combine a collection of extensive experimental investigations on engine performance and emissions and combustion phenomena using different types of oxygenated fuel with in-depth research on fuel applications, an analysis of available technologies and resources, energy efficiency improvement methods, and applications of oxygenated fuel for the sustainable environment. Academics, researchers, engineers and technologists will develop a greater understanding of the relevant concepts and solutions to the global issues related to achieving alternative energy application for future energy security, as well as environmental sustainability in medium and large-scale industries. Fills a gap in the literature on alternative fuel applications with in-depth research and experimental investigations of different approaches, technologies and applications Considers the important issue of sustainability using case studies to deepen understanding Includes energy security within various industries, including aviation and transport
Emerging Trends In Mechanical And Industrial Engineering
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Author : Xianguo Li
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-01-01
Emerging Trends In Mechanical And Industrial Engineering written by Xianguo Li and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (ICETMIE 2022). It covers the latest trends in the area of mechanical engineering. The broad topics covered in the book are engineering design, industrial and production engineering, Industry 4.0, energy and process engineering, mechatronics, control and robotics, material science, and automotive engineering. The book is useful for students, researchers, and professionals working in the various areas of mechanical engineering.
Transient Effects Of Load And Speed On Low Temperature Diesel Combustion
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Author : Daniel Ryan Williams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Transient Effects Of Load And Speed On Low Temperature Diesel Combustion written by Daniel Ryan Williams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.