Experimental Models Of Early Exposure To Alcohol A Way To Unravel The Neurobiology Of Mental Retardation
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Experimental Models Of Early Exposure To Alcohol A Way To Unravel The Neurobiology Of Mental Retardation
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Author : Alberto Granato
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-01-27
Experimental Models Of Early Exposure To Alcohol A Way To Unravel The Neurobiology Of Mental Retardation written by Alberto Granato and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-27 with Medicine (General) categories.
Excessive alcohol drinking represents a major social and public health problem for several countries. Alcohol abuse during pregnancy leads to a complex syndrome referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), chiefly characterized by mental retardation. The effects of early exposure to ethanol can be reproduced in laboratory animals and this helped to answer several key questions concerning the human pathology. The interest of experimental models of FASD is twofold. First, they increase our knowledge about the dose and modality of alcohol consumption able to induce damaging effects on the developing brain. Second, experimental models of FASD can provide useful hints to elucidate the basic mechanisms leading to the intellectual disability. In fact, experimental exposure to alcohol can be carried out during discrete, often very restricted, time windows. As a consequence, FASD models, though depending on the multifaceted interference of alcohol with several molecular pathways, can provide valuable information about which specific developmental periods and brain areas are critically involved in the genesis of mental retardation. Putting together data obtained through several experimental paradigms of alcohol exposure and those deriving from other genetic and non-genetic models, one can figure out to what extent different types of mental retardation share common pathogenetic mechanisms. The present Research Topic is aimed at establishing the state of the art of the current research on experimental FASD, focusing on differences and homologies with other types of intellectual disability. The ultimate goal is to find out a common roadmap in view of future therapeutical approaches.
Experimental Models Of Early Exposure To Alcohol
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Author : Alberto Granato
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Experimental Models Of Early Exposure To Alcohol written by Alberto Granato and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Electronic book categories.
Excessive alcohol drinking represents a major social and public health problem for several countries. Alcohol abuse during pregnancy leads to a complex clinical disorder referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), chiefly characterized by mental retardation (MR). The effects of early exposure to ethanol can be reproduced in laboratory animals and this helped to answer several key questions concerning the human pathology. The interest of experimental models of FASD is twofold. Firstly, they increase our knowledge about the dose and modality of alcohol consumption able to induce damaging effects on the developing brain (see Valenzuela et al., TINS 35: 284-292, 2012). Therefore, laboratory research can help to refine health policy strategies aimed at the prevention of FASD. Second, experimental models of FASD can provide useful hints to elucidate the basic mechanisms leading to MR. In fact, experimental exposure to alcohol can be carried out during discrete, often very restricted time windows. As a consequence, FASD models, though depending on the multifaceted interference of alcohol with several molecular pathways, can nonetheless provide valuable information about which specific developmental periods and brain areas are critically involved in the genesis of MR. On the contrary, experimental models of genetically determined MR are ideally suited to study the involvement of single molecules (e.g, the fragile X mental retardation protein).Putting together the rich ensemble of data obtained through the various experimental paradigms of alcohol exposure, as well as those deriving from other genetic and non-genetic models, one can figure out to what extent different types of MR share common pathogenetic mechanisms, regardless of whether the aetiological factors intervene during different phases of neural development, or affect different brain structures. The present Research Topic is aimed at establishing the state of the art of the current research on experimental FASD, focusing on differences and homologies with respect to other types of MR. The ultimate goal is to find out a common roadmap in view of future therapeutical approaches to MR. Particular attention will be devoted to: a) structural and functional anomalies of dendrites b) derangement and rewiring of cortical and hippocampal microcircuits c) involvement of non-cortical brain structures d) apoptosis and/or altered neurogenesis e) anomalies of ion channels, neurotransmitters, and neurotrophic factors f) comparison between experimental studies and imaging studies performed on humans affected by FASD.
Guidelines For The Care And Use Of Mammals In Neuroscience And Behavioral Research
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2003-08-22
Guidelines For The Care And Use Of Mammals In Neuroscience And Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-08-22 with Science categories.
Expanding on the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, this book deals specifically with mammals in neuroscience and behavioral research laboratories. It offers flexible guidelines for the care of these animals, and guidance on adapting these guidelines to various situations without hindering the research process. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research offers a more in-depth treatment of concerns specific to these disciplines than any previous guide on animal care and use. It treats on such important subjects as: The important role that the researcher and veterinarian play in developing animal protocols. Methods for assessing and ensuring an animal's well-being. General animal-care elements as they apply to neuroscience and behavioral research, and common animal welfare challenges this research can pose. The use of professional judgment and careful interpretation of regulations and guidelines to develop performance standards ensuring animal well-being and high-quality research. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research treats the development and evaluation of animal-use protocols as a decision-making process, not just a decision. To this end, it presents the most current, in-depth information about the best practices for animal care and use, as they pertain to the intricacies of neuroscience and behavioral research.
Equity Social Determinants And Public Health Programmes
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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2010
Equity Social Determinants And Public Health Programmes written by World Health Organization and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Health & Fitness categories.
1. Introduction and methods of work.-- 2. Alcohol: equity and social determinants.-- 3. Cardiovascular disease: equity and social determinants.-- 4. Health and nutrition of children: equity and social determinants.-- 5. Diabetes: equity and social determinants.-- 6. Food safety: equity and social determinants.-- 7. Mental disorders: equity and social determinants.-- 8. Neglected tropical diseases: equity and social determinants.-- 9. Oral health: equity and social determinants.-- 10. Unintended pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: equity and social determinants.-- 11. Tobacco use: equity and social determinants.-- 12. Tuberculosis: the role of risk factors and social determinants.-- 13. Violence and unintentional injury: equity and social determinants.-- 14. Synergy for equity.
The Handbook Of Behavior Change
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Author : Martin S. Hagger
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-07-15
The Handbook Of Behavior Change written by Martin S. Hagger and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-15 with Psychology categories.
Social problems in many domains, including health, education, social relationships, and the workplace, have their origins in human behavior. The documented links between behavior and social problems have compelled governments and organizations to prioritize and mobilize efforts to develop effective, evidence-based means to promote adaptive behavior change. In recognition of this impetus, The Handbook of Behavior Change provides comprehensive coverage of contemporary theory, research, and practice on behavior change. It summarizes current evidence-based approaches to behavior change in chapters authored by leading theorists, researchers, and practitioners from multiple disciplines, including psychology, sociology, behavioral science, economics, philosophy, and implementation science. It is the go-to resource for researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers looking for current knowledge on behavior change and guidance on how to develop effective interventions to change behavior.
Neurobiology Of Alcohol Dependence
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Author : Antonio Noronha
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2014-05-02
Neurobiology Of Alcohol Dependence written by Antonio Noronha and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-02 with Science categories.
Recent scientific advances have provided substantial information on the brain circuits and pathways relevant to various aspects of dependence. Neurobiology of Alcohol Dependence highlights the most recent data at the molecular, cellular, neurocircuitry, and behavioral levels, fostering an understanding how neuroplasticity and neuroadaptation occur, and how different neural pathways and neurocircuits contribute to dependence. - Highlights recent advances in understanding alcohol addiction from molecular, cellular, neurocircuitry, and behavioral levels - Integrates several emerging areas of research and discusses the application of novel research techniques to the understanding of alcohol dependence - Chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe — the broadest, most expert coverage available
Neurobiology Of Alcohol And The Brain
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Author : Ashok K. Singh
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-09-24
Neurobiology Of Alcohol And The Brain written by Ashok K. Singh and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-24 with Psychology categories.
According to the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 14.4 million adults aged 18 and older had alcohol use disorder (AUD). Mixing alcohol with other drugs such as opioids or cocaine has become an emerging trend, exacerbating public health concerns and may synergistically augment the seriousness of the adverse effects such as withdrawal symptoms, cardiovascular disorders, liver damage, reproductive abnormalities, and behavioral abnormalities. Despite the seriousness of the situation, possible mechanisms underlying the addiction and the withdrawal symptoms is not yet understood. This has been one of the key hindrances in developing effective treatment. Neurobiology of Alcohol and the Brain addresses the addiction-related problems reviewing both the mechanisms and withdrawal system with alcohol addiction. First, the book discusses the mechanisms of the rewarding and aversive effects, including addiction and the withdrawal symptoms of alcohol drinking. Next, alcohol's interaction with other drugs and ensuing adverse consequences is discussed including current and novel treatments against alcoholism. This is followed by a closer look at mental health and alcohol use disorder comorbidity. Lastly, the reader is provided with examples of an experimental study that describes possible protective effects of gold nanoparticles against alcohol addiction in rats subjected to alcohol self-administration. Neurobiology of Alcohol and the Brain will unlock the mechanistic diversities of alcoholism helping to facilitate future developments of new, personalized treatment options for patients suffering from alcohol addiction. - Provides an exhaustive overview of neurobiology of alcohol addiction, including significant recent advances - Discusses the mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of alcohol-drug mixtures - Includes recent experimental studies on gold nanoparticles
Behavioral Neurobiology Of Alcohol Addiction
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Author : Wolfgang Sommer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-07-28
Behavioral Neurobiology Of Alcohol Addiction written by Wolfgang Sommer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-28 with Medical categories.
The question how alcohol alters mood states and why this may end up becoming an addiction is puzzling alcohol researchers since decades. In this volume, an assembly of highly distinguished experts and leaders in alcohol addiction research provides lucid presentations of the current knowledge and research challenges as well as interesting viewpoints on future research directions aimed to stimulate communication and convergence between clinical and preclinical researchers, and to renew interest in the vibrant field of alcohol addiction research among a wide scientifically minded audience. Five Current Topics are discussed in this volume: Neurobiological mechanisms of alcoholism, Genetics, Clinical phenotypes and their preclinical models, Brain imaging, and Translational approaches for treatment development, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological. These areas have in our opinion brought alcohol research substantially forward and influenced our thinking about how to reach our common paramount goal, namely to offer effective treatment solutions for an extensive group of patients with largely unmet medical needs.
Alcohol And Alcoholism
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Author : John H. Hannigan
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1999-02
Alcohol And Alcoholism written by John H. Hannigan and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-02 with Psychology categories.
Recent years have seen more systematic investigations of the consequences of prenatal and early postnatal exposure to alcohol for brain and behavioral development. Offers an overview of what they have shown, and points out directions for further research
Neuroscience Of Alcohol
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Author : Victor R Preedy
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-03-19
Neuroscience Of Alcohol written by Victor R Preedy and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-19 with Psychology categories.
Neuroscience of Alcohol: Mechanisms and Treatment presents the fundamental information necessary for a thorough understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of alcohol addiction and its effects on the brain. Offering thorough coverage of all aspects of alcohol research, treatment and prevention, and containing contributions from internationally recognized experts, the book provides students, early-career researchers, and investigators at all levels with a fundamental introduction to all aspects of alcohol misuse. Alcohol is one of the world's most common addictive substances, with about two billion individuals worldwide consuming it in one form or another and three million annual deaths that are associated with alcohol misuse. Alcohol alters a variety of neurological processes, from molecular biology, to cognition. Moreover, addiction to alcohol can lead to numerous other health concerns and damage virtually every organ system in the body, making diagnosis and treatment of individuals addicted to alcohol of critical importance. - Integrates cutting-edge research on the pharmacological, cellular and molecular aspects of alcohol use, along with its effects on neurobiological function - Discusses alcohol use as a component of dual-use and poly addictions - Outlines numerous screening and treatment strategies for alcohol misuse - Covers both the physical and psychological effects of alcohol use and withdrawals to provide a fully-formed view of alcohol dependency and its effects