Experimentation With Human Beings
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Experimentation With Human Beings
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Author : Jay Katz
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 1972-07-24
Experimentation With Human Beings written by Jay Katz and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972-07-24 with Psychology categories.
In recent years, increasing concern has been voiced about the nature and extent of human experimentation and its impact on the investigator, subject, science, and society. This casebook represents the first attempt to provide comprehensive materials for studying the human experimentation process. Through case studies from medicine, biology, psychology, sociology, and law—as well as evaluative materials from many other disciplines—Dr. Katz examines the problems raised by human experimentation from the vantage points of each of its major participants—investigator, subject, professions, and state. He analyzes what kinds of authority should be delegated to these participants in the formulation, administration, and review of the human experimentation process. Alternative proposals, from allowing investigators a completely free hand to imposing centralized governmental control, are examined from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The conceptual framework of Experimentation with Human Beings is designed to facilitate not only the analysis of such concepts as "harm," "benefit," and "informed consent," but also the exploration of the problems raised by man's quest for knowledge and mastery, his willingness to risk human life, and his readiness to delegate authority to professionals and rely on their judgment.
Use Of Laboratory Animals In Biomedical And Behavioral Research
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1988-02-01
Use Of Laboratory Animals In Biomedical And Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-02-01 with Science categories.
Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.
Subjected To Science
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Author : Susan E. Lederer
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 1997-11-07
Subjected To Science written by Susan E. Lederer and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-11-07 with History categories.
Susan Lederer provides the first full-length history of early biomedical research with human subjects. Lederer offers detailed accounts of experiments conducted on both healthy and unhealthy men, women, and children, during the period from 1890 to 1940, including yellow fever experiments, Udo Wile's "dental drill" experiments on insane patients, and Hideyo Noguchi's syphilis experiments.
For The Good Of Mankind
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Author : Vicki Oransky Wittenstein
language : en
Publisher: Twenty-First Century Books
Release Date : 2013-08-01
For The Good Of Mankind written by Vicki Oransky Wittenstein and has been published by Twenty-First Century Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-01 with Young Adult Nonfiction categories.
Experiment: A child is deliberately infected with the deadly smallpox disease without his parents' informed consent. Result: The world's first vaccine. Experiment: A slave woman is forced to undergo more than thirty operations without anesthesia. Result: The beginnings of modern gynecology. Incidents like these paved the way for crucial, lifesaving medical discoveries. But they also harmed and humiliated their test subjects. How do doctors balance the need to test new medicines and procedures with their ethical duty to protect the rights of humans? Take a journey through some of history's greatest medical advances—and its most horrifying medical atrocities—to discover how human suffering has gone hand in hand with medical advancement.
Experimenting With Humans And Animals
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Author : Anita Guerrini
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2003-07-02
Experimenting With Humans And Animals written by Anita Guerrini and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-02 with History categories.
Ethical questions about the use of animals and humans in research remain among the most vexing within both the scientific community and society at large. These often rancorous arguments have gone on, however, with little awareness of their historical antecedents. Experimentation on animals and particularly humans is often assumed to be a uniquely modern phenomenon, but the ideas and attitudes that encourage the biological and medical sciences to experiment on living creatures date from the earliest expression of Western thought. Here, Anita Guerrini looks at the history of these practices from vivisection in ancient Alexandria to present-day battles over animal rights and medical research employing human subjects. Guerrini discusses key historical episodes, including the discovery of blood circulation, the development of smallpox and polio vaccines, and recent AIDS research. She also explores the rise of the antivivisection movement in Victorian England, the modern animal rights movement, and current debates over gene therapy.--From publisher description.
Experimentation With Human Beings
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Author : Jay Katz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
Experimentation With Human Beings written by Jay Katz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Human experimentation in medicine categories.
Doctors From Hell
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Author : Vivien Spitz
language : en
Publisher: Sentient Publications
Release Date : 2005-04
Doctors From Hell written by Vivien Spitz and has been published by Sentient Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-04 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
A chilling story of human depravity and ultimate justice, told for the first time by an eyewitness court reporter for the Nuremberg war crimes trial of Nazi doctors. This is the account of 23 men torturing and killing by experiment in the name of scientific research and patriotism. Doctors from Hell includes trial transcripts that have not been easily available to the general public and previously unpublished photographs used as evidence in the trial.
Undue Risk
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Author : Jonathan D. Moreno
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2001
Undue Risk written by Jonathan D. Moreno and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Current Events categories.
Exploring the history of the use of human subjects in atomic, biological, and chemical warfare by the U. S. Government, the author reveals details and exposes policies and specific cases on this practice.
History And Theory Of Human Experimentation
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Author : Ulf Schmidt
language : en
Publisher: Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden GmbH
Release Date : 2007
History And Theory Of Human Experimentation written by Ulf Schmidt and has been published by Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Medical categories.
Despite having been revised and criticised over the years, the Declaration of Helsinki remains one of the most important and internationally known ethics codes worldwide. Yet we know relatively little about its historical origins or about the prolonged revision process which accompanied this "living document". The chapters presented in this volume look at the history and theory of human experimentation, assess the role of the Helsinki Declaration in an international context, and illustrate specific issues about the history and practice of research ethics through a number of case studies in the United States, Asia and Europe. To this day, the Declaration is one of the most important landmarks in human subject research which is aimed at protecting experimental subjects in society. The current volume offers a better and historically-informed understanding of the Declaration to ensure that the existing safeguards are not only preserved but developed and improved in the future. Die 1964 veroffentlichte Deklaration zu Helsinki ist einer der wichtigsten und international bekanntesten Kodizes zur Forschungsethik, dessen Entstehungsgeschichte von steter Kritik und zahlreichen Uberarbeitungen begleitet wurde. Dennoch weiss man relativ wenig uber die historischen Wurzeln und Novellierungsprozesse dieses "gewachsenen Dokuments" der Medizingeschichte. Bis zum heutigen Tag ist die Deklaration einer der bedeutendsten Wegweiser fur die Forschung am Menschen, deren grundsatzliches Ziel es ist, Versuchspersonen in medizinischen Experimenten zu schutzen. Der Band beleuchtet Geschichte und Theorie der Experimente am Menschen, untersucht die Rolle der Deklaration im internationalen Kontext und illustriert spezifische Themen zur Geschichte und Praxis der Forschungsethik anhand von Fallstudien zu den USA, Asien und Europa. Ausserdem geben die Studien Einblick in die Entstehungsgeschichte der Deklaration - nicht nur um die bestehenden Standards zum Schutz von Versuchspersonen zu bewahren, sondern auch um diese zukunftig weiterzuentwickeln und zu verbessern. Aus dem Inhalt Ulf Schmidt / Andreas Frewer: History and Ehtics of Human Experimentation: the Twisted Road to Helsinki. An Introduction History and Theory of Medical Research Ethics Ulrich Trohler: The Long Road of Moral Concern: Doctors' Ethos and Statute Law Relating to Human Research in Europe Dietrich von Engelhardt: The Historical and Philosophical Background of Ethics in Clinical Research Ulf Schmidt: The Nuremberg Doctors' Trial and the Nuremberg Code Till Barnighausen: Communicating "Tainted Science" The Japanese Biological Warfare Experiments on Human Subjects in China The Helsinki Declaration in an International Context Susan E. Lederer: Research Without Borders: The Origins of the Declaration of Helsinki Povl Riis: Forty Years of the Declaration of Helsinki: Progress in Medical Ethics? Kati Myllymaki: Revising the Declaration of Helsinki: An Insiders' View Robert Carlson / Kenneth Boyd / David Webb: The Interpretation of Codes of Medical Ethics: Some Lessons from the Fifth Revision of the Declaration of Helsinki David Willcox: Medical Ethics and Public Perception: The Declaration of Helsinki and its Revisions in 2000 Dominique Sprumont / Sara Girardin / Trudo Lemmens: The Helsinki Declaration and the Law: An International and Comparative Analysis History and Ethics of Research - International Perspectives Andreas Frewer: History of Medicine and Ethics in Conflict: Research on National Socialism as Moral Problem Ulf Schmidt: Medical Ethics and Human Experiments at Porton Down: Informed Consent in Britain's Biological and Chemical Warfare Experiments John Williams: The Declaration of Helsinki. The Importance of Context Jonathan D. Moreno: Helsinki into the Future. An Epilogue Key Documents on the History of Research Ethics Circular of the Reich Minister of the Interior Concerning Guidelines for New Therapy and Human Experimentation (Berlin, 1931) - The Nuremberg Code (1947) - World Medical Association: Declaration of Helsinki I (1964) - World Medical Association: Declaration of Helsinki II (Tokyo, 1975) - Council of Europe: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (Oviedo, 1997) - World Medical Association: Declaration of Helsinki (2004)
When Experiments Travel
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Author : Adriana Petryna
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2009-04-27
When Experiments Travel written by Adriana Petryna and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-27 with Social Science categories.
The phenomenal growth of global pharmaceutical sales and the quest for innovation are driving an unprecedented search for human test subjects, particularly in middle- and low-income countries. Our hope for medical progress increasingly depends on the willingness of the world's poor to participate in clinical drug trials. While these experiments often provide those in need with vital and previously unattainable medical resources, the outsourcing and offshoring of trials also create new problems. In this groundbreaking book, anthropologist Adriana Petryna takes us deep into the clinical trials industry as it brings together players separated by vast economic and cultural differences. Moving between corporate and scientific offices in the United States and research and public health sites in Poland and Brazil, When Experiments Travel documents the complex ways that commercial medical science, with all its benefits and risks, is being integrated into local health systems and emerging drug markets. Providing a unique perspective on globalized clinical trials, When Experiments Travel raises central questions: Are such trials exploitative or are they social goods? How are experiments controlled and how is drug safety ensured? And do these experiments help or harm public health in the countries where they are conducted? Empirically rich and theoretically innovative, the book shows that neither the language of coercion nor that of rational choice fully captures the range of situations and value systems at work in medical experiments today. When Experiments Travel challenges conventional understandings of the ethics and politics of transnational science and changes the way we think about global medicine and the new infrastructures of our lives.