Experts Sciences Et Soci T S
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Expertise
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Author : Mirko Farina
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-09-06
Expertise written by Mirko Farina and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-09-06 with Philosophy categories.
This is a collective study of philosophical questions to do with experts and expertise, such as: What is an expert? Who decides who the experts are? Should we always defer to experts? How should expertise inform public policy? What happens when the experts disagree? Must experts be unbiased? Does it matter what the source of the expertise is?
Experts And Consensus In Social Science
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Author : Carlo Martini
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-09-11
Experts And Consensus In Social Science written by Carlo Martini and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-11 with Philosophy categories.
This book brings together the research of philosophers, sociologists, and social scientists. It examines those areas of scientific practice where reliance on the subjective judgment of experts and practitioners is the main source of useful knowledge to address and possibly, bring solutions to social problems. A common phenomenon in applications of science is that objective evidence does not point to a single answer or solution, to a problem. Reliance on subjective judgment, then, becomes necessary, despite the known fact that hunches, even those of putative experts, often provide information that is not very accurate, and that experts are prone to fallacies and biases. The book looks at how experts reach consensus in the social sciences, and which experts are relevant to which problems. It aims to answer many questions, the main one being: Can we start building a normative theory of expertise on the basis of the evidence that social scientists, sociologists and philosophers have uncovered?
Security Expertise
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Author : Trine Villumsen Berling
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-04-10
Security Expertise written by Trine Villumsen Berling and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-10 with Political Science categories.
This volume brings together scholars from different fields to explore the power, consequences and everyday practices of security expertise. Expertise mediates between different forms of knowledge: scientific and technological, legal, economic and political knowledge. This book offers the first systematic study of security expertise and opens up a productive dialogue between science and technology studies and security studies to investigate the character and consequences of this expertise. In security theory, the study of expertise is crucial to understanding whose knowledge informs security making and to reflect on the impact and responsibility of security analysis. In science and technology studies, the study of security politics adds a challenging new case to the agenda of research on expertise and policy. The contributors investigate cases such as academic security studies, security think tanks, the collaboration between science, anthropology and the military, transnational terrorism, and the ethical consequences of security expertise. Together they challenge our understanding of how expertise works and what consequences it has for security politics and international relations. This book will be of particular interest to students of critical security studies, sociology, science and technology studies, and IR/security studies in general.
Rsi And The Experts
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Author : Hilary Arksey
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-08-27
Rsi And The Experts written by Hilary Arksey and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-27 with Medical categories.
First published in 1998, RSI and the Experts explores the interactions and negotiations that take place between experts and lay groups in the evolution of medical scientific knowledge, concentrating on Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI). The book poses questions as to how medical knowledge is developed and what power structures are involved, drawing on evidence collected from a variety of stakeholders, including people with RSI, doctors, and ergonomists. It informs contemporary debates in the sociology of scientific knowledge and explores the practical implications of lay intervention, bridging sociological theory, medical science policy and activist concerns.
Scientific Concepts And Investigative Practice
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Author : Uljana Feest
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2012-10-30
Scientific Concepts And Investigative Practice written by Uljana Feest and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-30 with Philosophy categories.
Recent philosophy and history of science has seen a surge of interest in the role of concepts in scientific research. Scholars working in this new field focus on scientific concepts, rather than theories, as units of analysis and on the ways in which concepts are formed and used rather than on what they represent. They analyze what has traditionally been called the context of discovery, rather than (or in addition to) the context of justification. And they examine the dynamics of research rather than the status of the finished research results. This volume provides detailed case studies and general analyses to address questions raised by these points, such as: - Can concepts be clearly distinguished from the sets of beliefs we have about their referents? - What - if any - sense can be made of the separation between concepts and theories? - Can we distinguish between empirical and theoretical concepts? - Are there interesting similarities and differences between the role of concepts in the empirical sciences and in mathematics? - What underlying notion of investigative practice could be drawn on to explicate the role of concept in such practice? - From a philosophical point of view, is the distinction between discovery and justification a helpful frame of reference for inquiring into the dynamics of research? - From a historiographical point of view, does a focus on concepts face the danger of falling back into an old-fashioned history of ideas?
New Practices Of Comparison Quantification And Expertise In Education
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Author : Christina Elde Mølstad
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-03-29
New Practices Of Comparison Quantification And Expertise In Education written by Christina Elde Mølstad and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-29 with Education categories.
New Practices of Comparison, Quantification and Expertise in Education discusses contemporary trends and activities related to comparisons and quantifications. It aims to help scholars to conduct empirically based research on how comparisons and quantifications are instituted in practice at different levels in the educational system. The book furthers discussions on policy by looking at the kinds of activities that comparisons and quantifications lead to at an international, regional and national level. Most of the book’s chapters are based on empirical research conducted in different research projects. The book thus brings all these projects together and discusses them as activities promoted by the reasoning of comparisons and quantifications. New Practices of Comparison, Quantification and Expertise in Education will be of great interest to academics, researchers and post-graduate students in the fields of comparative education, curriculum research and policy studies. It will also appeal to those in the fields of teacher education, including student teachers.
Scientists Democracy And Society
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Author : Pierluigi Barrotta
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-03-21
Scientists Democracy And Society written by Pierluigi Barrotta and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-21 with Philosophy categories.
This monograph examines the relationship between science and democracy. The author argues that there is no clear-cut division between science and the rest of society. Rather, scientists and laypeople form a single community of inquiry, which aims at the truth. To defend his theory, the author shows that science and society are both heterogeneous and fragmented. They display variable and shifting alliances between components. He also explains how information flow between science and society is bi-directional through “transactional” processes. In other words, science and society mutually define themselves. The author also explains how science is both objective and laden with values. Coverage includes a wide range of topics, such as: the ideal of value-free science, the is/ought divide, “thick terms” and the language of science, inductive risk, the dichotomy between pure science and applied science, constructivism and the philosophy of risk. It also looks at the concepts of truth and objectivity, the autonomy of science, moral and social inquiry, perfectionism and democracy, and the role of experts in democratic societies. The style is philosophical, but the book features many examples and case-studies. It will appeal to philosophers of science, those in science and technology studies as well as interested general readers.
A History And Philosophy Of Expertise
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Author : Jamie Carlin Watson
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2021-11-18
A History And Philosophy Of Expertise written by Jamie Carlin Watson and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-18 with Philosophy categories.
In this comprehensive tour of the long history and philosophy of expertise, from ancient Greece to the 20th century, Jamie Carlin Watson tackles the question of expertise and why we can be skeptical of what experts say, making a valuable contribution to contemporary philosophical debates on authority, testimony, disagreement and trust. His review sketches out the ancient origins of the concept, discussing its early association with cunning, skill and authority and covering the sort of training that ancient thinkers believed was required for expertise. Watson looks at the evolution of the expert in the middle ages into a type of “genius” or “innate talent” , moving to the role of psychological research in 16th-century Germany, the influence of Darwin, the impact of behaviorism and its interest to computer scientists, and its transformation into the largely cognitive concept psychologists study today.
Routledge Handbook Of Public Communication Of Science And Technology
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Author : Massimiano Bucchi
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-06-20
Routledge Handbook Of Public Communication Of Science And Technology written by Massimiano Bucchi and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-20 with Science categories.
Communicating science and technology is a high priority of many research and policy institutions, a concern of many other private and public bodies, and an established subject of training and education. Over the past few decades, the field has developed and expanded significantly, both in terms of professional practice and in terms of research and reflection. The Routledge Handbook of Public Communication of Science and Technology provides a state-of-the-art review of this fast-growing and increasingly important area, through an examination of the research on the main actors, issues, and arenas involved. In this brand-new revised edition, the book brings the reviews up-to-date and deepens the analysis. As well as substantial reworking of many chapters, it gives more attention to digital media and the global aspects of science communication, with the inclusion of four new chapters. Several new contributors are added to leading mass-communication scholars, sociologists, public-relations practitioners, science writers, and others featured herein. With key questions for further discussion highlighted in each chapter, the handbook is a student-friendly resource and its scope and expert contributors mean it is also ideal for both practitioners and professionals working in the field. Combining the perspectives of different disciplines and of different geographical and cultural contexts, this original text provides an interdisciplinary and global approach to the public communication of science and technology. It is a valuable resource for students, researchers, educators, and professionals in media and journalism, sociology, the history of science, and science and technology.
Educational Research The Educationalization Of Social Problems
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Author : Paul Smeyers
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-04-14
Educational Research The Educationalization Of Social Problems written by Paul Smeyers and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-14 with Education categories.
Pushing ‘social’ responsibilities on schools is a process that has been underway for a long time. This phenomenon has been studied more in Europe than in North America and the U.K. and has been labelled Pädagogisierung. The editors have chosen to use ‘Educationalization’ to identify the overall orientation or trend toward thinking about education as the focal point for addressing or solving larger human problems. The term describes these phenomena as a sub-process of the ‘modernization’ of society, but it also has negative connotations, such as increased dependence, patronization, and pampering. In this book distinguished philosophers and historians of education focus on ‘educationalization’ to expand its meaning through an engagement with educational theory. Topics discussed are the family and the child, the ‘learning society’, citizenship education, widening participation in higher education, progressive education, and schooling movements such as No Child Left Behind. ‘Smeyers’ and Depaepe's book offers great insights into one of the most ambivalent phenomena of today's educational world and especially educational policy. The contributions assembled represent perspectives of some of the most respected scholars in the field. Their manifold critiques of the educationalization of social problems are rather convincing. Our time is definitely ripe for such analysis!’ Roland Reichenbach, Center for Educational Studies, University of Basel, Switzerland ‘This is a challenging, critical and analytical treatment of the tendency of contemporary administrations to overburden educational institutions with the expectation that they will provide the solutions to an increasingly diverse range of social and economic problems. It brings together the theoretical resources of a distinguished international group of philosophers and historians of education and deserves the careful attention of educational policy makers, practitioners and researchers alike.’ David Bridges, Von Hügel Institute, St Edmund’s College, Cambridge, England This publication is realized by the Research Community (FWO-Vlaanderen / Research Foundation Flanders, Belgium) Philosophy and History of the Discipline of Education: Evaluation and Evolution of the Criteria for Educational Research. Also realized by the Research Community are Educational Research: Why ‘What Works’ Doesn’t Work (2006) and Educational Research: Networks and Technologies (2007).