Explaining Criminal Careers
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Explaining Criminal Careers
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Author : John F. MacLeod
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-08-23
Explaining Criminal Careers written by John F. MacLeod and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-23 with Law categories.
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Explaining Criminal Careers presents a simple but influential theory of crime, conviction and reconviction. The assumptions of the theory are derived directly from a detailed analysis of cohort samples extracted from the Home Office Offenders Index - a unique database which contains records of all criminal (standard list) convictions in England and Wales since 1963. In particular, the theory explains the well-known Age/Crime curve. Based on the idea that there are only three types of offenders, who commit crimes at either high or low (constant) rates and have either a high or low (constant) risk of reoffending, this simple theory makes exact quantitative predictions about criminal careers and age-crime curves. Purely from the birth-rate over the second part of the 20th century, the theory accurately predicts (to within 2%) the prison population contingent on a given sentencing policy. The theory also suggests that increasing the probability of conviction after each offence is the most effective way of reducing crime, although there is a role for treatment programmes for some offenders. The authors indicate that crime is influenced by the operation of the Criminal Justice System and that offenders do not 'grow out' of crime as commonly supposed; they are persuaded to stop or decide to stop after (repeated) convictions, with a certain fraction of offenders desisting after each conviction. Simply imprisoning offenders will not reduce crime either by individual deterrence or by incapacitation. With comprehensive explanations of the formulae used and complete mathematical appendices allowing for individual interpretations and further development of the theory, Explaining Criminal Careers represents an innovative and meticulous investigation into criminal activity and the influences behind it. With clear policy implications and a wealth of original and significant discussions, this book marks a ground-breaking chapter in the criminological debate surrounding criminal careers.
Explaining Criminal Careers
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Author : John F. MacLeod
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Explaining Criminal Careers written by John F. MacLeod and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Crime categories.
Explaining Criminal Careers presents a simple quantitative theory of crime, conviction and reconviction, the assumptions of the theory are derived directly from a detailed analysis of cohort samples drawn from the “UK Home Office” Offenders Index (OI). Mathematical models based on the theory, together with population trends, are used to make: exact quantitative predictions of features of criminal careers; aggregate crime levels; the prison population; and to explain the age-crime curve, alternative explanations are shown not to be supported by the data. Previous research is reviewed, clearly identifying the foundations of the current work. Using graphical techniques to identify mathematical regularities in the data, recidivism (risk) and frequency (rate) of conviction are analysed and modelled. These models are brought together to identify three categories of offender: high-risk / high-rate, high-risk / low-rate and low-risk / low-rate. The theory is shown to rest on just 6 basic assumptions. Within this theoretical framework the seriousness of offending, specialisation or versatility in offence types and the psychological characteristics of offenders are all explored suggesting that the most serious offenders are a random sample from the risk/rate categories but that those with custody later in their careers are predominantly high-risk/high-rate. In general offenders are shown to be versatile rather than specialist and can be categorised using psychological profiles. The policy implications are drawn out highlighting the importance of conviction in desistance from crime and the absence of any additional deterrence effect of imprisonment. The use of the theory in evaluation of interventions is demonstrated.
Understanding Criminal Careers
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Author : Keith Soothill
language : en
Publisher: Willan
Release Date : 2013-05-13
Understanding Criminal Careers written by Keith Soothill and has been published by Willan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-13 with Social Science categories.
This is an accessible text which clarifies the crucial theoretical and methodological debates surrounding the study of criminal careers looking at the issues of prediction, risk and specialisation
Criminal Careers And Career Criminals
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1986-02-01
Criminal Careers And Career Criminals written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-02-01 with Law categories.
By focusing attention on individuals rather than on aggregates, this book takes a novel approach to studying criminal behavior. It develops a framework for collecting information about individual criminal careers and their parameters, reviews existing knowledge about criminal career dimensions, presents models of offending patterns, and describes how criminal career information can be used to develop and refine criminal justice policies. In addition, an agenda for future research on criminal careers is presented.
Explaining Criminal Careers
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Author : John F. MacLeod
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-08-23
Explaining Criminal Careers written by John F. MacLeod and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-23 with Law categories.
Using the Home Office Offenders Index, a unique database containing records of all criminal (standard list) convictions in England and Wales since 1963, this simple but influential theory makes exact quantitative predictions about criminal careers and age-crime curves, in particular the prison population contingent on a given sentencing policy.
Explaining Criminals
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Author : Gwynn Nettler
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Explaining Criminals written by Gwynn Nettler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Social Science categories.
Criminal Careers And Career Criminals
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Author : Panel on Research on Criminal Careers
language : en
Publisher: National Academies
Release Date : 1986-01-15
Criminal Careers And Career Criminals written by Panel on Research on Criminal Careers and has been published by National Academies this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-01-15 with Law categories.
Volume II takes an in-depth look at the various aspects of criminal careers, including the relationship of alcohol and drug abuse to criminal careers, co-offending influences on criminal careers, issues in the measurement of criminal careers, accuracy of prediction models, and ethical issues in the use of criminal career information in making decisions about offenders.
Criminology
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Author : Stephen Eugene Brown
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013
Criminology written by Stephen Eugene Brown and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Law categories.
This highly acclaimed criminology text presents an up-to-date review of rational choice theories, including deterrence, shaming, and routine activities.
Crime In A Psychological Context
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Author : Glenn D. Walters
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2011-08-08
Crime In A Psychological Context written by Glenn D. Walters and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-08 with Psychology categories.
This engaging book presents a contextual psychological interpretation of crime. It covers essential topics including psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and criminal lifestyle. The author's compelling analysis explains criminal behavior, by showing how the criminal lifestyle is capable of integrating two seemingly incompatible crime paradigms: the career criminal paradigm and the criminal career paradigm. Starting with a context for criminality, and then moving from particular conceptions of crime to more evidence-based theories, this volume challenges students to think in a different way about crime and criminal behavior.
Society Crime And Criminal Careers
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Author : Don C. Gibbons
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
Society Crime And Criminal Careers written by Don C. Gibbons and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Crime categories.