Explanatory Nonmonotonic Reasoning
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Explanatory Nonmonotonic Reasoning
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Author : Alexander Bochman
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2005
Explanatory Nonmonotonic Reasoning written by Alexander Bochman and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Computers categories.
Many approaches in the field of nonmonotonic and ?commonsense? reasoning are actually different representations of the same basic ideas and constructions. This book gives a logical formalization of the original, explanatory approach to nonmonotonic reasoning. It uses the basic formalism of biconsequence relations, as well as derived systems of default, autoepistemic and causal inference, to cover in a single framework such diverse systems as default logic, autoepistemic and modal nonmonotonic logics, input/output and causal logics, argumentation theory, and semantics of general logic programs with negation as failure. This approach provides a clear separation between logical (monotonic) and nonmonotonic aspects of nonmonotonic reasoning. The separation allows, in particular, to single out the logics underlying modern logic programming and restore thereby the connection between logic programming and logic.
Explanatory Nonmonotonic Reasoning
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Author : Alexander Bochman
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2005-01-19
Explanatory Nonmonotonic Reasoning written by Alexander Bochman and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-19 with Computers categories.
Many approaches in the field of nonmonotonic and “commonsense” reasoning are actually different representations of the same basic ideas and constructions. This book gives a logical formalization of the original, explanatory approach to nonmonotonic reasoning. It uses the basic formalism of biconsequence relations, as well as derived systems of default, autoepistemic and causal inference, to cover in a single framework such diverse systems as default logic, autoepistemic and modal nonmonotonic logics, input/output and causal logics, argumentation theory, and semantics of general logic programs with negation as failure. This approach provides a clear separation between logical (monotonic) and nonmonotonic aspects of nonmonotonic reasoning. The separation allows, in particular, to single out the logics underlying modern logic programming and restore thereby the connection between logic programming and logic.
The Many Valued And Nonmonotonic Turn In Logic
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Author : Dov M. Gabbay
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2007-08-13
The Many Valued And Nonmonotonic Turn In Logic written by Dov M. Gabbay and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-08-13 with Mathematics categories.
The present volume of the Handbook of the History of Logic brings together two of the most important developments in 20th century non-classical logic. These are many-valuedness and non-monotonicity. On the one approach, in deference to vagueness, temporal or quantum indeterminacy or reference-failure, sentences that are classically non-bivalent are allowed as inputs and outputs to consequence relations. Many-valued, dialetheic, fuzzy and quantum logics are, among other things, principled attempts to regulate the flow-through of sentences that are neither true nor false. On the second, or non-monotonic, approach, constraints are placed on inputs (and sometimes on outputs) of a classical consequence relation, with a view to producing a notion of consequence that serves in a more realistic way the requirements of real-life inference. Many-valued logics produce an interesting problem. Non-bivalent inputs produce classically valid consequence statements, for any choice of outputs. A major task of many-valued logics of all stripes is to fashion an appropriately non-classical relation of consequence.The chief preoccupation of non-monotonic (and default) logicians is how to constrain inputs and outputs of the consequence relation. In what is called “left non-monotonicity , it is forbidden to add new sentences to the inputs of true consequence-statements. The restriction takes notice of the fact that new information will sometimes override an antecedently (and reasonably) derived consequence. In what is called “right non-monotonicity , limitations are imposed on outputs of the consequence relation. Most notably, perhaps, is the requirement that the rule of or-introduction not be given free sway on outputs. Also prominent is the effort of paraconsistent logicians, both preservationist and dialetheic, to limit the outputs of inconsistent inputs, which in classical contexts are wholly unconstrained.In some instances, our two themes coincide. Dialetheic logics are a case in point. Dialetheic logics allow certain selected sentences to have, as a third truth value, the classical values of truth and falsity together. So such logics also admit classically inconsistent inputs. A central task is to construct a right non-monotonic consequence relation that allows for these many-valued, and inconsistent, inputs.The Many Valued and Non-Monotonic Turn in Logic is an indispensable research tool for anyone interested in the development of logic, including researchers, graduate and senior undergraduate students in logic, history of logic, mathematics, history of mathematics, computer science, AI, linguistics, cognitive science, argumentation theory, and the history of ideas. Detailed and comprehensive chapters covering the entire range of modal logic. Contains the latest scholarly discoveries and interprative insights that answers many questions in the field of logic.
Non Monotonic Reasoning
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Author : Witold Łukaszewicz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Non Monotonic Reasoning written by Witold Łukaszewicz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Computers categories.
Nonmonotonic Reasoning
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Author : Gerhard Brewka
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1991-01-25
Nonmonotonic Reasoning written by Gerhard Brewka and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-01-25 with Computers categories.
This 1991 book gives an overview of different areas of research in nonmonotonic reasoning. The guiding principles are: clarification of the different research activities in the area and appreciation of the fact that these research activities often represent different means to the same ends, namely sound theoretical foundations and efficient computation.
Introduction To Formal Philosophy
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Author : Sven Ove Hansson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-10-24
Introduction To Formal Philosophy written by Sven Ove Hansson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-24 with Philosophy categories.
This Undergraduate Textbook introduces key methods and examines the major areas of philosophy in which formal methods play pivotal roles. Coverage begins with a thorough introduction to formalization and to the advantages and pitfalls of formal methods in philosophy. The ensuing chapters show how to use formal methods in a wide range of areas. Throughout, the contributors clarify the relationships and interdependencies between formal and informal notions and constructions. Their main focus is to show how formal treatments of philosophical problems may help us understand them better. Formal methods can be used to solve problems but also to express new philosophical problems that would never have seen the light of day without the expressive power of the formal apparatus. Formal philosophy merges work in different areas of philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, computer science, linguistics, physics, psychology, biology, economics, political theory, and sociology. This title offers an accessible introduction to this new interdisciplinary research area to a wide academic audience.
Nonmonotonic Reasoning
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Author : Dritan Berzati
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2007
Nonmonotonic Reasoning written by Dritan Berzati and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Philosophy categories.
The capability to reason in a world full of uncertainties, vagueness and ignorance is what distinguishes humans. This ability to argument in a partially known world is the informal definition of common-sense reasoning. The question how common-sense reasoning is performed occupied humanity since we can think of. Last century this issue reached an immense importance. Especially during the last three decades the study of common-sense reasoning became one of the major research topics in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Several formalisms to capture the mechanism of common-sense reasoning have been proposed so far. This book concentrates on presenting the most important formalisms for common-sense reasoning, and, showing that one of the discussed formalisms serves perfectly to capture the mechanism of common-sense reasoning, since this formalism subsumes all other in this book introduced formalisms dealing with common-sense reasoning.
Nonmonotonic Reasoning
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Author : Grigoris Antoniou
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1997
Nonmonotonic Reasoning written by Grigoris Antoniou and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Computers categories.
Nonmonotonic reasoning provides formal methods that enable intelligent systems to operate adequately when faced with incomplete or changing information. In particular, it provides rigorous mechanisms for taking back conclusions that, in the presence of new information, turn out to be wrong and for deriving new, alternative conclusions instead. Nonmonotonic reasoning methods provide rigor similar to that of classical reasoning; they form a base for validation and verification and therefore increase confidence in intelligent systems that work with incomplete and changing information. Following a brief introduction to the concepts of predicate logic that are needed in the subsequent chapters, this book presents an in depth treatment of default logic. Other subjects covered include the major approaches of autoepistemic logic and circumscription, belief revision and its relationship to nonmonotonic inference, and briefly, the stable and well-founded semantics of logic programs.
Readings In Nonmonotonic Reasoning
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Author : Matthew L. Ginsberg
language : en
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Release Date : 1987
Readings In Nonmonotonic Reasoning written by Matthew L. Ginsberg and has been published by Morgan Kaufmann Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Computers categories.
Inductive Logic Programming
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Author : Rui Camacho
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-08-24
Inductive Logic Programming written by Rui Camacho and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-24 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Inductive Logic Programming, ILP 2004, held in Porto, Portugal, in September 2004. The 20 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers address all current topics in inductive logic programming, ranging from theoretical and methodological issues to advanced applications in various areas.