Explanatory Particularism In Scientific Practice
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Explanatory Particularism In Scientific Practice
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Author : Melinda Bonnie Fagan
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2025-03-23
Explanatory Particularism In Scientific Practice written by Melinda Bonnie Fagan and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-23 with Science categories.
Explanatory Particularism in Scientific Practice offers a novel community-centric account of scientific explanation. On this view, explanations are products of collaborative activity in particular communities. Philosophers of science studying explanation have traditionally seen their task as analyzing the common or fundamental core of explanations across the sciences. Melinda Bonnie Fagan takes the opposite view: diversity of explanations across the sciences is a basic feature of scientific practice. A scientific community produces explanations that advance understanding of some target of interest, but just what features advance understanding, and what understanding amounts to in practice, varies widely over time and across scientific communities. This particularist approach brings new problems and questions to the fore, especially concerning interdisciplinarity: how (if at all) do explanation and understanding get beyond the boundary of a particular community? The particularist account also has implications bearing on the nature of understanding, the unity of science, objectivity, and science-society relations. The argument is elaborated using detailed case studies of explanatory model connection, or lack thereof: immunology and epidemiology models in the COVID-19 pandemic and the explanatory ambitions of systems biology, using the example of stem cell development. The argument concludes with an open-ended list of potential future case studies.
The Routledge Handbook Of Causality And Causal Methods
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Author : Phyllis Illari
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-12-30
The Routledge Handbook Of Causality And Causal Methods written by Phyllis Illari and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-30 with Philosophy categories.
The Routledge Handbook of Causality and Causal Methods adopts a pluralistic, interdisciplinary approach to causality. It formulates distinct questions and problems of causality as they arise across scientific and policy fields. Exploring, in a comparative way, how these questions and problems are addressed in different areas, the Handbook fosters dialogue and exchange. It emphasizes the role of the researchers and the normative considerations that arise in the development of methodological and empirical approaches. The Handbook includes authors from all over the world and with many different disciplinary backgrounds, and its 50 chapters appear in print here for the first time. The chapters are organized into the following seven parts: Causal Pluralism from Theory to Practice Causal Theory and the Role of Researchers Features of Causal Systems Causal Methods, Experimentation and Observation Measurement and Data Causality, Knowledge, and Action Causal Theory across Disciplinary Borders Essential reading for scholars interested in an interdisciplinary approach to causality and causal methods, the volume is also a valuable resource for advanced undergraduates as well as for graduate students interested in delving into the rich field of causality. Chapters 15 and 36 of this book are freely available as downloadable Open Access PDFs at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
Values Objectivity And Explanation In Historiography
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Author : Tor Egil Førland
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-01-20
Values Objectivity And Explanation In Historiography written by Tor Egil Førland and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-20 with History categories.
Bringing sophisticated philosophy to bear on real-life historiography, Values, Objectivity, and Explanation in Historiography rekindles and invigorates the debate on two perennials in the theory and methodology of history. One is the tension between historians' values and the ideal—or illusion—of objective historiography. The other is historical explanation. The point of departure for the treatment of values and objectivity is an exceptionally heated debate on Cold War historiography in Denmark, involving not only historians but also the political parties, the national newspapers, and the courts. The in-depth analysis that follows concludes that historians can produce accounts that deserve the label "objective," even though their descriptions are tinged by ineluctable epistemic instability. A separate chapter dissects the postmodern notion of situated truths. The second part of the book proffers a new take on historical explanation. It is based on the notion of the ideal explanatory text, which allows for not only causal—including intentional—but also nomological, structural, and functional explanations. The approach, which can accommodate narrative explanations driven by causal plots, is ecumenical but not all-encompassing. Emergent social properties and supernatural entities are excluded from the ideal explanatory text, making scientific historiography methodologically individualistic—albeit with room for explanations at higher levels when pragmatically justified—and atheist. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative License.
Oxford Studies In Metaethics
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Author : Russ Shafer-Landau
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-25
Oxford Studies In Metaethics written by Russ Shafer-Landau and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-25 with Philosophy categories.
This is a periodical publication devoted to original philosophical work on the foundations of ethics and includes study being carried out at the intersections of ethical theory with metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of language and philosophy of mind.
Particularism And The Space Of Moral Reasons
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Author : Benedict Smith
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-11-24
Particularism And The Space Of Moral Reasons written by Benedict Smith and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-24 with Philosophy categories.
Particularism and the Space of Moral Reasons critically assesses the startling idea that our moral reasoning does not need to use moral principles. If we don't have principles, how do we work out what to do? This book examines 'moral particularism', a controversial idea at the forefront of contemporary moral theory.
The Philosophy Of Science
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Author : Anouk Barberousse
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018
The Philosophy Of Science written by Anouk Barberousse and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Mathematics categories.
Philosophy of science studies the methods, theories and concepts used by scientists. This book addresses both general philosophy of science and specific questions raised by logic, mathematics, physics, biology, medicine, cognitive science, linguistics, social sciences, and economics.
Contextualisms In Epistemology
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Author : Elke Brendel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-06-29
Contextualisms In Epistemology written by Elke Brendel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-06-29 with Philosophy categories.
Contextualism has become one of the leading paradigms in contemporary epistemology. According to this view, there is no context-independent standard of knowledge, and as a result, all knowledge ascriptions are context-sensitive. Contextualists contend that their account this analysis allows us to resolve some major epistemological problems such as skeptical paradoxes and the lottery paradox, and that it helps us explain various other linguistic data about knowledge ascriptions. The apparent ease with which contextualism seems to solve numerous epistemological quandaries has inspired the burgeoning interest in it. This comprehensive anthology collects twenty original essays and critical commentaries on different aspects of contextualism, written by leading philosophers on the topic. The editors’ introduction sketches the historical development of the contextualist movement and provides a survey and analysis of its arguments and major positions. The papers explore, inter alia, the central problems and prospects of semantic (or conversational) contextualism and its main alternative approaches such as inferential (or issue) contextualism, epistemic contextualism, and virtue contextualism. They also investigate the connections between contextualism and epistemic particularism, and between contextualism and stability accounts of knowledge.
Principled Ethics
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Author : Sean McKeever
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2006-04-20
Principled Ethics written by Sean McKeever and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-20 with Philosophy categories.
Moral philosophy has long been dominated by the aim of understanding morality and the virtues in terms of principles. However, the underlying assumption that this is the best approach has received almost no defence, and has been attacked by particularists, who argue that the traditional link between morality and principles is little more than an unwarranted prejudice. In Principled Ethics, Michael Ridge and Sean McKeever meet the particularist challenge head on, and defend a distinctive view they call 'generalism as a regulative ideal'. After cataloguing the wide array of views that have gone under the heading 'particularism' they explain why the main particularist arguments fail to establish their conclusions. The authors' generalism incorporates what is most insightful in particularism (e.g. the possibility that reasons are context-sensitive - 'holism' about reasons) while rejecting every major particularist doctrine. At the same time, they avoid the excesses of hyper-generalist views according to which moral thought is constituted by allegiance to a particular principle or set of principles. Instead, they argue that insofar as moral knowledge and practical wisdom are possible, we both can and should codify all of morality in a manageable set of principles even if we are not yet in possession of those principles. Moral theory is in this sense a work in progress. Nor is the availability of a principled codification of morality an idle curiosity. Ridge and McKeever also argue that principles have an important role to play in guiding the virtuous agent.
Pluralisms In Truth And Logic
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Author : Jeremy Wyatt
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-12-29
Pluralisms In Truth And Logic written by Jeremy Wyatt and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-29 with Philosophy categories.
This edited volume brings together 18 state-of-the art essays on pluralism about truth and logic. Parts I and II are dedicated to respectively truth pluralism and logical pluralism, and Part III to their interconnections. Some contributors challenge pluralism, arguing that the nature of truth or logic is uniform. The majority of contributors, however, defend pluralism, articulate novel versions of the view, or contribute to fundamental debates internal to the pluralist camp. The volume will be of interest to truth theorists and philosophers of logic, as well as philosophers interested in relativism, contextualism, metaphysics, philosophy of language, semantics, paradox, epistemology, or normativity.
Scientific Discovery
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Author : Aharon Kantorovich
language : en
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Release Date : 1993-07-01
Scientific Discovery written by Aharon Kantorovich and has been published by State University of New York Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-07-01 with Philosophy categories.
Kantorovich analyzes the notion of discovery. He views the process as inference and questions whether there is logic or method to discovery. He provides an alternative perspective on scientific discovery that explains the difficulties in finding a satisfactory method of discovery. Within the framework of evolutionary epistemology, discovery is treated as a phenomenon in its own right having psychological and social dimensions. Science is viewed as a continuation of the evolutionary process whereby creative discovery plays a role similar to blind mutation in biological evolution. From this perspective, serendipity and tinkering are key notions in understanding the creative process.