Exploration Of The Human Brain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Spectroscopy With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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Exploration Of The Human Brain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Spectroscopy With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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Author : Chang-Hoon Choi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2025-01-02
Exploration Of The Human Brain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Spectroscopy With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation written by Chang-Hoon Choi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-01-02 with Science categories.
A large body of molecular and neurophysiological evidence attaches synaptic plasticity and connectivity to specific functions and energy metabolism in particular areas of the brain. A favourable approach to investigating various brain functions in humans that enables a well-defined modulation of neuronal excitability and energy is to stimulate the brain using a dedicated transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) protocol and then to observe the effect on neurometabolites and brain functioning using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. tDCS is a non-invasive technique for brain stimulation that modulates the level of cortical excitability (hyper- or hypo-polarisation of the membranes) to investigate the biochemical and physiological roles of the brain. The technique is also utilised for clinical and therapeutic purposes, such as depression, chronic pain, epilepsy, stroke-induced aphasia or Parkinson's motor symptoms, and can also be used to boost ongoing activities, including accelerated learning, focus, memorisation or relaxation.
Biokybernetika
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Author : Jochen Mau
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2024-12-30
Biokybernetika written by Jochen Mau and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-30 with Mathematics categories.
This book aims to engage “Young Science – Talented & Ambitious” for a lasting collaboration to advance holistic mathematical modeling of “how the body works” in variant surroundings. The book sets road signs to mathematics in body’s vital, physical, and cognitive functions, as well as to factors of health impact in person’s environmental and social settings. It showcases selected current research in mathematical and biological theory, mathematical models at molecular, organism, and population levels as well as engineering, imaging, and data sciences methodologies, including bio-informatics and machine learning applications. For overarching theory, evaluation of surrogate structures with category theory, multi-scale whole-body dynamics by separation of functional organization from cellular material as well as mathematical axioms matching classic principles of philosophy in traditional Chinese medicine are introduced. Interested are systems-oriented researchers in all sciences related to human health who seek new profile-shaping challenges in transdisciplinary collaboration.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation In Neuropsychiatric Disorders
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Author : André R. Brunoni
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-09-20
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation In Neuropsychiatric Disorders written by André R. Brunoni and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-20 with Medical categories.
The 2nd edition of this book incorporates the tremendous clinical advances that have occurred in the field of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the past 5 years. Since the 1st edition was published, the clinical use of tDCS has moved from its infancy, and is now in a thrilling new phase with numerous possibilities as well as challenges. tDCS is a technique that excels in terms of safety and tolerability, and within a few years, novel technological developments will allow its use at home. At the same time, large, phase III trials have been exploring the clinical efficacy of tDCS, the results of which have been published in leading journals such as the New England Journal of Medicine and JAMA Psychiatry. This 2nd edition summarizes the state of the art of the field. Written by leading experts in the field, the book is divided into 5 parts: Introduction and Mechanisms of Action; Research Methods; tDCS in the life cycle; Applications of tDCS in neuropsychiatric disorders (further divided into Psychiatry and Neurology); and The clinical use of tDCS. It also includes several new chapters, covering topics such as precision stimulation of tDCS; combination of tDCS with different neuroimaging modalities; and use of tDCS in new clinical conditions. Moreover, all chapters have been rewritten and updated. This book will be of significant interest to psychiatrists, neurologists and neuroscientists new to the field as well as those with a background in tDCS who want to increase their understanding of particular psychiatric conditions.
Augmentation Of Brain Function Facts Fiction And Controversy
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Author : Ioan Opris
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-09-14
Augmentation Of Brain Function Facts Fiction And Controversy written by Ioan Opris and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-14 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
The Volume II is entitled “Neurostimulation and pharmacological approaches”. This volume describes augmentation approaches, where improvements in brain functions are achieved by modulation of brain circuits with electrical or optical stimulation, or pharmacological agents. Activation of brain circuits with electrical currents is a conventional approach that includes such methods as (i) intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), (ii) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and (iii) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). tDCS and TMS are often regarded as noninvasive methods. Yet, they may induce long-lasting plastic changes in the brain. This is why some authors consider the term “noninvasive” misleading when used to describe these and other techniques, such as stimulation with transcranial lasers. The volume further discusses the potential of neurostimulation as a research tool in the studies of perception, cognition and behavior. Additionally, a notion is expressed that brain augmentation with stimulation cannot be described as a net zero sum proposition, where brain resources are reallocated in such a way that gains in one function are balanced by costs elsewhere. In recent years, optogenetic methods have received an increased attention, and several articles in Volume II cover different aspects of this technique. While new optogenetic methods are being developed, the classical electrical stimulation has already been utilized in many clinically relevant applications, like the vestibular implant and tactile neuroprosthesis that utilizes ICMS. As a peculiar usage of neurostimulation and pharmacological methods, Volume II includes several articles on augmented memory. Memory prostheses are a popular recent development in the stimulation-based BMIs. For example, in a hippocampal memory prosthesis, memory content is extracted from hippocampal activity using a multiple-input, multiple-output non-linear dynamical model. As to the pharmacological approaches to augmenting memory and cognition, the pros and cons of using nootropic drugs are discussed.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation In Neuropsychiatric Disorders
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Author : André Brunoni
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-09-12
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation In Neuropsychiatric Disorders written by André Brunoni and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-12 with Medical categories.
The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive review of the use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in different psychiatric conditions. Here we review tDCS clinical studies employing different types of design (from single-session tDCS studies to randomized clinical trials) as well as studies evaluating the impact of tDCS in neurophysiological, behavioral and brain imaging outcomes. Although the understanding about physiological foundations and effectiveness of clinical therapies of psychiatric diseases has been considerably increased during the last decades, our knowledge is still limited, and consequently psychiatric diseases are still a major burden to the individual patient and society. Recently, interest in pathological alterations of neuroplasticity in psychiatric diseases as a critical condition for development, and amelioration of clinical symptoms increased, caused by the fact that new tools, such as functional imaging, and brain stimulation techniques do allow to monitor, and modulate these phenomena in humans. Especially non-invasive brain stimulation techniques evolved as an attractive potential new therapeutic tool. The interest in non-invasive brain stimulation has grown exponentially in the past 25 years, with the development of non-pharmacological, neuromodulatory techniques such as tDCS and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). TDCS, although even newer than rTMS, has attracted considerable attention in both basic and clinical research scenarios. In the context of clinical research, tDCS is being increasingly investigated as a novel treatment tool for several psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, schizophrenia and neurocognitive and substance abuse disorders. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders – Clinical Principles and Management intends to serve as a practical guide on the field, attracting the interest of psychiatrists, neurologists and neuroscientists with little or no experience with tDCS, as well as those with a background on tDCS who want to increase their knowledge in any particular psychiatric condition.
Index Medicus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Medicine categories.
Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Novel Brain Imaging Methods For The Aid Of Neurological And Neuropsychiatric Disorders
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Author : Takao Yamasaki
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-08-20
Novel Brain Imaging Methods For The Aid Of Neurological And Neuropsychiatric Disorders written by Takao Yamasaki and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-20 with Science categories.
This Research Topic aims to highlight the latest experimental techniques and methods used to aid in the classification; diagnosis; visualization; prognosis and treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders using brain imaging methods. Review articles or opinions on methodologies or applications including the advantages and limitations of each are welcome. This Topic includes technologies and up-to-date methods which help advance the science. The contributions to this collection will undergo peer-review. Novelty and the utility of a method or protocol must be evident. We welcome contributions covering all aspects of novel brain imaging methods that aid clinicians in handling neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders as described above. Submissions will be handled by the team of Topic Editors. Frontiers in Neuroscience supports the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) principles for scientific data management and stewardship (Wilkinson et al., Sci. Data 3:160018, 2016). This Research Topic welcomes: • Methods: Describing new methods that are significantly improved or adapted for specific purposes. These manuscripts may include primary (original) data. • Protocols: Detailed descriptions, including pitfalls and troubleshooting, to benefit those who may evaluate or employ the techniques. The protocols must be proven to work. • Perspective or General Commentaries on brain imaging methods and protocols relevant for aiding in the handling of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. • Reviews and mini-reviews of topical methods and protocols highlighting the important future directions of the field.
Open Questions On The Mechanisms Of Neuromodulation With Applied And Endogenous Electric Fields
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Author : Shennan Aibel Weiss
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-02-11
Open Questions On The Mechanisms Of Neuromodulation With Applied And Endogenous Electric Fields written by Shennan Aibel Weiss and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-11 with Magnetic brain stimulation categories.
Despite increased knowledge, and more sophisticated experimental and modeling approaches, fundamental questions remain about how electricity can interact with ongoing brain function in information processing or as a medical intervention. Specifically, what biophysical and network mechanisms allow for weak electric fields to strongly influence neuronal activity and function? How can strong and weak fields induce meaningful changes in CNS function? How do abnormal endogenous electric fields contribute to pathophysiology? Topics included in the review range from the role of field effects in cortical oscillations, transcranial electrical stimulation, deep brain stimulation, modeling of field effects, and the role of field effects in neurological diseases such as epilepsy, hemifacial spasm, trigeminal neuralgia, and multiple sclerosis.
Stevens Handbook Of Experimental Psychology And Cognitive Neuroscience Language And Thought
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-02-01
Stevens Handbook Of Experimental Psychology And Cognitive Neuroscience Language And Thought written by and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-01 with Psychology categories.
III. Language & Thought: Sharon Thompson-Schill (Volume Editor) (Topics covered include embodied cognition; discourse and dialogue; reading; creativity; speech production; concepts and categorization; culture and cognition; reasoning; sentence processing; bilingualism; speech perception; spatial cognition; word processing; semantic memory; moral reasoning.)
Manipulative Approaches To Human Brain Dynamics
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Author : Keiichi Kitajo
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-05-29
Manipulative Approaches To Human Brain Dynamics written by Keiichi Kitajo and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-29 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
In this EBook, we highlight how newly emerging techniques for non-invasive manipulation of the human brain, combined with simultaneous recordings of neural activity, contribute to the understanding of brain functions and neural dynamics in humans. A growing body of evidence indicates that the neural dynamics (e.g., oscillations, synchrony) are important in mediating information processing and networking for various functions in the human brain. Most of previous studies on human brain dynamics, however, show correlative relationships between brain functions and patterns of neural dynamics measured by imaging methods such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In contrast, manipulative approaches by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) have been developed and extensively used. These approaches include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electric stimulation (tES) such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), alternating current stimulation (tACS), and random noise stimulation (tRNS), which can directly manipulate neural dynamics in the intact human brain. Although the neural-correlate approach is a strong tool, we think that manipulative approaches have far greater potential to show causal roles of neural dynamics in human brain functions. There have been technical challenges with using manipulative methods together with imaging methods. However, thanks to recent technical developments, it has become possible to use combined methods such as TMS–EEG coregistration. We can now directly measure and manipulate neural dynamics and analyze functional consequences to show causal roles of neural dynamics in various brain functions. Moreover, these combined methods can probe brain excitability, plasticity and cortical networking associated with information processing in the intact human brain. The contributors to this EBook have succeeded in showcasing cutting-edge studies and demonstrate the huge impact of their approaches on many areas in human neuroscience and clinical applications.