Exploring The Motivations And Constraints On Volunteerism From A Preparatory Behavior Perspective Across Two Natural Resource Management Organizations
DOWNLOAD
Download Exploring The Motivations And Constraints On Volunteerism From A Preparatory Behavior Perspective Across Two Natural Resource Management Organizations PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Exploring The Motivations And Constraints On Volunteerism From A Preparatory Behavior Perspective Across Two Natural Resource Management Organizations book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Exploring The Motivations And Constraints On Volunteerism From A Preparatory Behavior Perspective Across Two Natural Resource Management Organizations
DOWNLOAD
Author : James M. Cahill
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Exploring The Motivations And Constraints On Volunteerism From A Preparatory Behavior Perspective Across Two Natural Resource Management Organizations written by James M. Cahill and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Many government natural resource management agencies depend on volunteers and, as a result, put a great deal of time and effort into recruiting and retaining them. Of the studies that have examined volunteers’ motivations and constraints, the focus has been on understanding what motivates and constrains volunteerism from an end-state behavior perspective, which is the final, or end, behavior that produces desired outcomes in the field. In the context of this research, the desired end-state behavior is the act of doing the volunteering for projects that protect natural resources and the environment. Researchers have not yet explored the concept and operation of preparatory behaviors that may facilitate desired end-state behaviors, and how motivations and constraints for such behaviors may be influencing behavioral outcomes. Preparatory behavior is behavior that precedes and facilitates engagement in a desired or target end-state behavior.I applied a qualitative methodology that included focus group interviews and an open-ended conversational format. This allowed interviewees to self-identify their preparatory behaviors, and what motivates and constrains them, in their own words and from their unique perspectives rather than respond to a set of pre-defined, closed-ended questions based on a priori researcher presumptions and literature about the phenomenon that may be incorrect or incomplete (e.g. Visser et al., 2000). A series of eleven focus group interviews were conducted involving 72 interviewees. The sample of interviewees was purposefully selected to include a wide range of volunteering experience from none to many years of participation and was also selected to include two different Washington State natural resource management volunteer programs: Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (DFW), and Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR). The range of preparatory behaviors identified from this research includes cognitions, physical actions, and social interactions. Preparatory cognitions involve decision making, knowledge gaining, and planning; physical activities include gathering and organizing equipment and supplies, and getting physically prepared (e.g., getting enough sleep); and social interactions to gain psychological and material support towards their volunteerism. The full range of preparations appeared to be similar across both DNR and DFW focus groups. A range of motivations for engaging in preparations were identified. These include motivations unique and separate from those that motivate volunteerism more generally. For example, having the desire for a positive emotional experience when doing preparations, being able to live up to one’s personal obligation outside of volunteering, and the need to take care of one’s comfort and well-being by getting enough rest and nutrition. These are all sources of motivations for doing preparations that may also facilitate successful engagement in end-state behavior. Overall, with a few exceptions, the range of motivations for preparations and end-state volunteerism were similar between DNR and DFW, including those differences identified between end-state and preparations. Accordingly, when it comes to designing strategies to recruit and retain volunteers, in similar contexts, it may be important to know what motivates these preparatory behaviors that facilitate volunteerism. Besides motivations, a range of behavioral constraints on people’s preparations were also identified, including personal resource costs, negative feelings and emotions, and normative conflicts and expectations for the self and others. Protecting the self was a theme elaborated on by interviewees. Perceptions of personal discomfort in the form of disruptions in daily routines, physical discomfort, threats to safety and well-being, and perceived threats to self-esteem were themes that emerged. As with motivations, the range of constraints for preparations and end-state volunteerism were similar between DNR and DFW, including those differences identified between end-state and preparations with a few nuanced exceptions. Evidence from this research suggests that it is important and useful for volunteer organizations trying to recruit and retain volunteers to understand what people do as part of their preparations, and what might serve as constraints and motivations for engaging in them. With this deeper insight, beyond an end-state behavior perspective, natural resource volunteer programs may be able to improve the effectiveness or impact of their volunteer recruitment and retention strategies, including strategies that are developed within a social marketing framework. By introducing preparatory behaviors and their related motivations and constraints into the social marketing model, it may be possible to increase the effectiveness of behavior change strategies, for example, to better recruit and retain volunteers. Accordingly, I present a novel approach to the community-based social marketing model (CBSM) (McKenzie-Mohr, 2011) by extending the model to include motivations and constraints for preparatory behavior. I use the set of behavior change principles prescribed in the CBSM model along with other relevant principles of influence (e.g. Cialdini, 2007) and match them with the various forms of motivations and constraints that emerged from the focus group interviews. I then discuss the implications and make recommendations for designing social marketing strategies that could increase the effectiveness of efforts to recruit and retain volunteers willing to perform strenuous physical labor, and, as a result, may improve the efficiency of natural resource volunteer programs in terms of real world on-the-ground outcomes.
Volunteer Involvement At Kenting National Park
DOWNLOAD
Author : Chen-Wei Cheng
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Volunteer Involvement At Kenting National Park written by Chen-Wei Cheng and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
As the number of tourists has increased, many national parks have introduced volunteer programs to expand their capacity in providing services. Though the volunteers are unpaid, the cost of training and operating the program is still a considerable investment for national parks. To avoid the huge expenses, it is important for the national parks to know how to improve volunteer involvement and retain active volunteers. Therefore, semi-structured interviews were conducted at Kenting National Park in Taiwan to investigate the potential factors associated with variables related to volunteer involvement. The transcripts of interviews were coded and analyzed with the NVivo software program. The results of interviews are discussed and two new methodological instruments are introduced in this study. The results show that the initial motivations to be volunteers usually differ from the current motivations to continue volunteering. Though volunteering can be serious leisure, some constraints to volunteering are unique compared to leisure constraints because of the specific circumstances of providing services. Moreover, some negotiation strategies to overcome volunteering constraints also differ from those for leisure activities. The strategies themselves can be alternative forms of involvement rather than treated as different variables. The volunteers tend to perceive environmental changes through the awareness of unusual phenomena that are typically connected to indigenous knowledge and long-term experience in the local area. The services of volunteering can be categorized into direct and indirect contributions and both of them should be counted to avoid underestimating volunteer involvement. To provide an improved approach in designing quantitative scales for measuring volunteer involvement, the concepts of Likert-type scales, ipsative approaches, and level of measurement are reviewed and a new algorithm, the S-score, is proposed. Rather than absolute scores, the S-score carries the relative strength, which is better to deliver accurate messages and reduce response biases of each item responded to by individuals. Hypothetical data are used to show how S-scores could better explain the results of raw scores in measurement scales. Even if the scales in different studies are not the same, the S-score approach can transform the raw scores into standardized unitless scores to make the results comparable across destinations, cultures, or eras. The features of S-scores and suggestions for questionnaire design for future research are also discussed. Since the results of interviews revealed that volunteer motivations change over time, the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix in management science were adapted to develop the Volunteer Motivation-Change Evaluation matrix to examine the strengths and weaknesses of the volunteer program through analyzing the dynamic motivation shifts. The results show that the strengths of the volunteer program of Kenting National Park involve keeping volunteers through social interaction and environmental education motivations. The program attracted volunteers with motivations of gaining knowledge, which declined in importance over time, while motivations related to escape increased. Volunteers with self-esteem motivations might be lost as results indicated the weaknesses of gaining self-esteem in the program. The investigation through Volunteer Motivation-Change Evaluation matrix can inform national park managers understanding of how to maximize the effectiveness of volunteer programs.
Volunteers In Natural Resource Outdoor Recreation And Environmental Management And Planning
DOWNLOAD
Author : Dayle Lee Jackson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Volunteers In Natural Resource Outdoor Recreation And Environmental Management And Planning written by Dayle Lee Jackson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Expectation (Psychology) categories.
Three Essays On The Individual Task And Context Related Factors Influencing The Organizational Behaviour Of Volunteers
DOWNLOAD
Author : Tina Saksida
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Three Essays On The Individual Task And Context Related Factors Influencing The Organizational Behaviour Of Volunteers written by Tina Saksida and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Voluntarism categories.
This dissertation examines how various individual, task-, and context-related factors influence important volunteering outcomes. Using data sourced from a large international aid and development agency in the United Kingdom, the three studies that follow explore the organizational behaviour of volunteers and highlight several initiatives that nonprofit organizations can introduce in order to motivate and retain their volunteers. In the first chapter, I present a moderated mediation model where I show that prosocially motivated volunteers dedicate more time to volunteering. The study results further show that volunteer engagement fully mediates the relationship between the value motive and volunteer time, and that the strength of the mediated effect varies as a function of volunteers' commitment to beneficiaries. These findings provide a new perspective on the link between volunteers' motivation and active participation in volunteer activities. The second chapter presents a framework for understanding the processes through which volunteers' perceived impact on beneficiaries influences their turnover intentions and time spent volunteering. The results show that volunteers who perceive that their work impacts beneficiaries (1) report lower intentions to leave their volunteer organization due to their commitment to that organization; and (2) dedicate more time to volunteering because they are committed to the beneficiaries of their work. These findings make a significant contribution to volunteering research by uncovering two different mechanisms that explain how the positive consequences of perceived impact on beneficiaries may unfold. Finally, the third chapter presents a mediation model that explains how an organizational support framework promotes organizational commitment in volunteers. Specifically, the results show that training and paid staff support promote higher levels of volunteers' organizational commitment due to increases in volunteers' perceptions of role clarity and self-efficacy. Importantly, this study illustrates how volunteer managers can use two management practices that are under their control to maximize the commitment of volunteers.
Antecedents Of Corporate Volunteerism
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jaime Blaine Henning
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Antecedents Of Corporate Volunteerism written by Jaime Blaine Henning and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Millions of individuals donate their time to volunteer work each year. Additionally, expectations of socially responsible practices on the part of organizations and the positive relationship between the social and financial performance of organizations are leading to a growing interest in corporate social responsibility among management and researchers. One method to achieving greater corporate social responsibility is corporate-sponsored volunteering. Many benefits have been associated with corporate volunteerism. However, an understanding of why these outcomes occur is lacking. Also lacking is an understanding of why individuals engage in corporate volunteerism. Although studies have identified several demographic variables associated with volunteering in general, few studies have examined variables beyond simple demographics, and fewer still have examined antecedents of corporate volunteering. In the current study, the theory of planned behavior, functional motives for volunteering and citizenship performance, and perceived locus of causality are used to integrate contextual, attitudinal, situational, and motivational variables in order to present and empirically test a framework to help explain why individuals participate in corporate volunteerism. Data were collected from 110 individuals employed in two organizations supporting corporate volunteerism in order to examine the antecedents of participation in this behavior. Results indicated that antecedents of intentions included in the theory of planned behavior and its extensions were related to intentions to participate in corporate volunteerism and, in some cases, actual participation in this behavior. Furthermore, functional motives for volunteering and citizenship performance were related to the regulations specified by the perceived locus of causality continuum. These motives, conceptualized as general orientations towards particular behaviors relevant to a contextual domain, were related to the situation-level decision-making antecedents of intentions in several cases. Finally, several of the relationships between the contextual-level generalized motivational constructs and intentions to participate in corporate volunteerism were mediated by the situational-level antecedents of the theory of planned behavior. Specifically, the relationship between social motives and intentions was mediated by subjective norms. The relationships between each of identified regulation, values, understanding, and organizational concern motives with intentions were mediated by attitudes toward corporate volunteerism. Perceived behavioral control also mediated the relationship between understanding motives and intentions.
Catalog
DOWNLOAD
Author : Food and Nutrition Information Center (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
Catalog written by Food and Nutrition Information Center (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Food categories.
Restoring Nature
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher: Island Press
Release Date :
Restoring Nature written by and has been published by Island Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Business & Economics categories.
Using a recent controversy over ecological restoration efforts in Chicago as a touchstone for discussion, Restoring Nature explores the difficult questions that arise during the planning and implementation of restoration projects in urban and wildland settings.
The Oxford Handbook Of Prosocial Behavior
DOWNLOAD
Author : David A. Schroeder
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Oxford Handbook Of Prosocial Behavior written by David A. Schroeder and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Philosophy categories.
The Oxford Handbook of Prosocial Behavior provides a comprehensive review of the current literature on when and why people act to benefit others. It provides a comprehensive overview of the field to give both the casual reader and the neophyte to the field some perspective about fundamental questions (what, why, when, and who) relative to prosocial behavior. Taking a multi-level approach, the chapters represent the broad spectrum of this multi-faceted domain. Topics range from micro-level analyses involving evolutionary and comparative psychological factors to macro-level applications, such as reducing intergroup conflicts and ethnic genocide. Between these extremes, the contributors--all internationally recognized in their field--offer their perspectives on developmental processes that may predispose individuals to empathize with and respond to the needs of others, individual differences that seem to interact with situational demands to promote helping, and the underlying motivations of those helping others. They explain volunteerism, intragroup cooperation, and intergroup cooperation to move the analysis from the individual to group-level phenomena. They extend the consideration of this topic to include support of pro-environmental actions, means to encourage participation in medical clinical trials, and the promotion of world peace. The ways that gender, interpersonal relationships, race, and religion might affect decisions to give aid and support to others are also addressed. The final chapter offers a unique view of prosocial behavior that encourages researchers and readers to take an even broader consideration of the field to search for a prosocial consilience.
Catalog Supplement Food And Nutrition Information And Educational Materials Center
DOWNLOAD
Author : Food and Nutrition Information and Educational Materials Center (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Catalog Supplement Food And Nutrition Information And Educational Materials Center written by Food and Nutrition Information and Educational Materials Center (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Cooking categories.
The Volunteer Management Handbook
DOWNLOAD
Author : Tracy D. Connors
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-11-01
The Volunteer Management Handbook written by Tracy D. Connors and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Completely revised and expanded, the ultimate guide to starting—and keeping—an active and effective volunteer program Drawing on the experience and expertise of recognized authorities on nonprofit organizations, The Volunteer Management Handbook, Second Edition is the only guide you need for establishing and maintaining an active and effective volunteer program. Written by nonprofit leader Tracy Connors, this handy reference offers practical guidance on such essential issues as motivating people to volunteer their time and services, recruitment, and more. Up-to-date and practical, this is the essential guide to managing your nonprofit's most important resource: its volunteers. Now covers volunteer demographics, volunteer program leaders and managers, policy making and implementation, planning and staff analysis, recruiting, interviewing and screening volunteers, orienting and training volunteers, and much more Up-to-date, practical guidance for the major areas of volunteer leadership and management Explores volunteers and the law: liabilities, immunities, and responsibilities Designed to help nonprofit organizations survive and thrive, The Volunteer Management Handbook, Second Edition is an indispensable reference that is unsurpassed in both the breadth and depth of its coverage.
