Exploring Volcanic Paroxysmal Explosive Activity From Magma Source To Ground And Atmosphere
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Exploring Volcanic Paroxysmal Explosive Activity From Magma Source To Ground And Atmosphere
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Author : Sonia Calvari
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-10-17
Exploring Volcanic Paroxysmal Explosive Activity From Magma Source To Ground And Atmosphere written by Sonia Calvari and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-17 with categories.
Paroxysmal explosive activity is one of the most spectacular natural phenomena, which is recognized as having strong impact not only at a local scale but whose effects can also reach far areas and, indeed, can significantly affect the atmosphere, and the environment in the overall. The most devastating and recent example occurred in 2010, when the Icelandic Eyiafjallajökull volcano erupted disrupting air traffic all over Europe and the North Atlantic for weeks. Between 2008 and 2013, the long-lasting eruption of Chaitén volcano in Chile produced plumes 14-20 km high reaching the coast of Argentina and causing ash fallout as far as 800 km from the vent, and the continuously erupting volcanoes of the Kamchatka Peninsula and of the Aleutian arc have caused often treats to air traffic. The eruption of Pinatubo (Philippines) in 1991 had a strong impact all over the globe, causing significant and measurable atmospheric perturbation and impacting the world temperature. More recently, Mount Etna in Italy displayed tens of paroxysmal explosive episodes affecting the air traffic, viability, settlements, environment, and economics. Over time, several studies have been devoted to understanding what drives paroxysmal explosive activity. Owning to the treating characteristics, so far great efforts have been made trying to detect precursory signals, parameterize the phenomena, apply conceptual and experimental models, and assess the associated hazards. Published papers have used (i) geophysical data aimed at constraining the source region (depth, size, and position), (ii) gas chemistry and mineral geochemistry and petrology to identify the driving force of explosions and characterize the nature of the involved magmas, (iii) volcanology data and observations as well as ground-based and satellite remote sensing to quantify the volumes of erupted products and track the eruptive process, and (iv) laboratory experiments and plume models to characterize the rheology of the erupted products and forecast the impact of the eruptive clouds on the environment, climate, and the whole planet. In this book, we present a collection of ten papers written by 67 authors spanning from seismicity and ground deformation to geochemistry, volcanology and other geophysical techniques applied to the characterization of paroxysms at several active volcanoes.
Exploring Volcanic Paroxysmal Explosive Activity From Magma Source To Ground And Atmosphere
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Author : Sonia Calvari
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Exploring Volcanic Paroxysmal Explosive Activity From Magma Source To Ground And Atmosphere written by Sonia Calvari and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Volcanic Ash And Aviation Safety
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Author : Thomas J. Casadevall
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 1995-03
Volcanic Ash And Aviation Safety written by Thomas J. Casadevall and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-03 with Science categories.
This conference was prompted by the occurrence of 5 encounters between passenger jetliners with drifting clouds of volcanic ash from the 1989-90 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano in Alaska. Examines 5 principal areas, including: how volcanoes produce ash clouds, the damage and impacts resulting from ash-cloud encounters, communications procedures for mitigating the risks from volcanic ash, the meteorology and modeling of ash-cloud movement, and methods for detection and tracking of ash clouds. 60 technical presentations are included.
U S Geological Survey Bulletin
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
U S Geological Survey Bulletin written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Geology categories.
Geology Of The Elliston Region Powell And Lewis And Clark Counties Montana
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Author : Jeffrey S. Loen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Geology Of The Elliston Region Powell And Lewis And Clark Counties Montana written by Jeffrey S. Loen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Aeronautics categories.
A description of rocks and structures in the region of the imbricate front of the Sapphire thrust plate, from a reconnaissance study.
Volcanic Plumes
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Author : Pasquale Sellitto
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2019-03-21
Volcanic Plumes written by Pasquale Sellitto and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-21 with Science categories.
Volcanoes release plumes of gas and ash to the atmosphere during episodes of passive and explosive behavior. These ejecta have important implications for the chemistry and composition of the troposphere and stratosphere, with the capacity to alter Earth's radiation budget and climate system over a range of temporal and spatial scales. Volcanogenic sulphur dioxide reacts to form sulphate aerosols, which increase global albedo, e.g., by reducing surface temperatures, in addition to perturbing the formation processes and optical properties of clouds. Released halogen species can also deplete stratospheric and tropospheric ozone. Volcanic degassing, furthermore, played a key role in the formation of Earth’s atmosphere, and volcanic plumes can affect air quality, pose hazards to aviation and human health, as well as damage ecosystems. The chemical compositions and emission rates of volcanic plumes are also monitored via a range of direct-sampling and remote-sensing instrumentation, in order to gain insights into subterranean processes, in the respect of the magmatic bodies these volatiles exsolve from. Given the significant role these gases play in driving volcanic activity, e.g., via pressurisation, the study of volcanic plumes is proving to be an increasingly fruitful means of improving our understanding of volcanic systems, potentially in concert with observations from geophysics and contributions from fluid dynamical modelling of conduit dynamics. This Special Issue is aimed at presenting the state of the art of the multidisciplinary science concerning all aspects of volcanic plumes, of relevance to the volcanology, climatology, atmospheric science, and remote sensing communities.
The Encyclopedia Of Volcanoes
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Author : Haraldur Sigurdsson
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2015-03-06
The Encyclopedia Of Volcanoes written by Haraldur Sigurdsson and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-06 with Science categories.
Volcanoes are unquestionably one of the most spectacular and awe-inspiring features of the physical world. Our paradoxical fascination with them stems from their majestic beauty and powerful, sometimes deadly, destructiveness. Notwithstanding the tremendous advances in volcanology since ancient times, some of the mystery surrounding volcanic eruptions remains today. The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes summarizes our present knowledge of volcanoes; it provides a comprehensive source of information on the causes of volcanic eruptions and both the destructive and beneficial effects. The early chapters focus on the science of volcanism (melting of source rocks, ascent of magma, eruption processes, extraterrestrial volcanism, etc.). Later chapters discuss human interface with volcanoes, including the history of volcanology, geothermal energy resources, interaction with the oceans and atmosphere, health aspects of volcanism, mitigation of volcanic disasters, post-eruption ecology, and the impact of eruptions on organismal biodiversity. - Provides the only comprehensive reference work to cover all aspects of volcanology - Written by nearly 100 world experts in volcanology - Explores an integrated transition from the physical process of eruptions through hazards and risk, to the social face of volcanism, with an emphasis on how volcanoes have influenced and shaped society - Presents hundreds of color photographs, maps, charts and illustrations making this an aesthetically appealing reference - Glossary of 3,000 key terms with definitions of all key vocabulary items in the field is included
Volcanoes
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Author : John P. Lockwood
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-04-26
Volcanoes written by John P. Lockwood and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-26 with Science categories.
Volcanoes are essential elements in the delicate global balance of elemental forces that govern both the dynamic evolution of the Earth and the nature of Life itself. Without volcanic activity, life as we know it would not exist on our planet. Although beautiful to behold, volcanoes are also potentially destructive, and understanding their nature is critical to prevent major loss of life in the future. Richly illustrated with over 300 original color photographs and diagrams the book is written in an informal manner, with minimum use of jargon, and relies heavily on first-person, eye-witness accounts of eruptive activity at both "red" (effusive) and "grey" (explosive) volcanoes to illustrate the full spectrum of volcanic processes and their products. Decades of teaching in university classrooms and fieldwork on active volcanoes throughout the world have provided the authors with unique experiences that they have distilled into a highly readable textbook of lasting value. Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion, Suggestions for Further Reading, and a comprehensive list of source references make this work a major resource for further study of volcanology. Volcanoes maintains three core foci: Global perspectives explain volcanoes in terms of their tectonic positions on Earth and their roles in earth history Environmental perspectives describe the essential role of volcanism in the moderation of terrestrial climate and atmosphere Humanitarian perspectives discuss the major influences of volcanoes on human societies. This latter is especially important as resource scarcities and environmental issues loom over our world, and as increasing numbers of people are threatened by volcanic hazards Readership Volcanologists, advanced undergraduate, and graduate students in earth science and related degree courses, and volcano enthusiasts worldwide. A companion website is also available for this title at www.wiley.com/go/lockwood/volcanoes
Volcanoes In The Sea
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Author : Gordon A. Macdonald
language : en
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Release Date : 1983-07-01
Volcanoes In The Sea written by Gordon A. Macdonald and has been published by University of Hawaii Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983-07-01 with Nature categories.
Well written and superbly illustrated, this work includes chapters on tectonic plates, volcanoes, erosion by water and wind, the ocean, ice and glaciers, earthquakes and tsunamis.
Monogenetic Volcanism
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Author : K. Németh
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2017-06-20
Monogenetic Volcanism written by K. Németh and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-20 with Science categories.
The nature and origin of the small-scale volcanic systems, generally referred to as 'monogenetic', have enjoyed an elevated level of interest during the past decade. There has been recognition that their ostensibly simple volcano types are a window into the nature of explosive volcanism, landscape evolution and the processes of magma generation in the Earth’s upper mantle. In the past few years, major conferences have offered specialized technical sessions dealing with monogenetic volcanism and there have been thematic conferences, such as the IAVCEI International Maar Conference series, which have provided a focus for discussion of volcanological and geochemical aspects of small-scale basaltic volcanism. Many new aspects of monogenetic volcanism have emerged and have clearly demonstrated that this volcanism can be very complex on a fine scale. This book is a collection of papers arising from two recent Maar Conferences (the fifth in Queretaro Mexico and the sixth in Changchun, China) and serves as a snapshot of current research on monogenetic volcanism.