Extracting Stone
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Extracting Stone
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Author : Anne S. Dowd
language : en
Publisher: Oxbow Books
Release Date : 2024-04-04
Extracting Stone written by Anne S. Dowd and has been published by Oxbow Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-04 with Social Science categories.
A comprehensive view of quarrying activities from three key regions in North America. This exciting new addition to the the American Landscapes series provides an in-depth account of how flintknappers obtained and used stone based on archaeological, geological, landscape, and anthropological data. Featuring case studies from three key regions in North America, this book gives readers a comprehensive view of quarrying activities ranging from extracting the raw material to creating finished stone tools. Quarry landscapes were some of the first large-scale land modification efforts among early peoples in the New World. The chronological time periods covered by quarrying activities, show that most intensive use took place during parts of the Archaic and Woodland periods or between roughly 4000–1000 years ago when denser populations existed, but use began as early as the Paleoindian Period, about 13,000–9000 years ago, and ended in the Historic or Protohistoric periods, when colonists and Native Americans mined chert for gunflints and sharpening stones or abrasives. From the procurement systems approach common in the 1980s and 1990s, archaeologists can now employ a landscape approach to quarry studies in tandem with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) computer mapping and digital analysis, Light and RADAR (LiDAR) airborne laser scanning for recording topography, or high resolution satellite imagery. Authors Dowd and Trubitt show how sites functioned in a broad landscape context, which site locations or raw material types were preferred and why, what cultures were responsible for innovative or intensive quarry resource extraction, as well as how land use changed over time. Besides discussions of the way that industrialists used natural resources to change their technology by means of manufacture, trade, and exchange, examples are given of heritage sites that people can visit in the United States and Canada.
The Science And Art Of Surgery
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Author : John Eric Erichsen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1861
The Science And Art Of Surgery written by John Eric Erichsen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1861 with Surgery categories.
Sacred Stone Markers
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Author : Nakoa Rainfall
language : en
Publisher: Publifye AS
Release Date : 2025-03-29
Sacred Stone Markers written by Nakoa Rainfall and has been published by Publifye AS this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-29 with History categories.
""Sacred Stone Markers"" explores the fascinating world of ancient stone formations created by indigenous cultures across the globe. These markers, far from being simple piles of rocks, served multifaceted purposes, acting as territorial boundaries, burial sites, and even astronomical observatories. The book delves into how these cultures strategically placed stones to reflect a deep understanding of their environment and a complex spiritual connection with the cosmos. Intriguingly, some stone arrangements precisely align with celestial events, showcasing advanced astronomical knowledge, while others delineate sacred spaces for honoring ancestors. The book progresses from introducing the diverse types of stone markers to investigating territorial claims, burial rituals, and astronomical alignments, revealing common threads among these applications. By combining archaeological evidence with cultural anthropology and archaeoastronomy, ""Sacred Stone Markers"" offers a unique perspective on these ancient monuments. This approach emphasizes the sophisticated communication, navigation, and record-keeping systems embedded within these stone formations, challenging traditional interpretations and providing a holistic understanding of indigenous intelligence and cultural heritage.
The Science And Art Of Surgery Being A Treatise On Surgical Injuries Diseases And Operations
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Author : Sir John Eric Erichsen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1869
The Science And Art Of Surgery Being A Treatise On Surgical Injuries Diseases And Operations written by Sir John Eric Erichsen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1869 with categories.
The Technology History In Remote Antiquity Period And The Three Dynasties Xia Shang And Zhou Dynasty
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Author : Li Shi
language : en
Publisher: DeepLogic
Release Date :
The Technology History In Remote Antiquity Period And The Three Dynasties Xia Shang And Zhou Dynasty written by Li Shi and has been published by DeepLogic this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with History categories.
The book is the volume of “The Technology History in Remote Antiquity Period and The Three Dynasties (Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasty)” among a series of books of “Deep into China Histories”. The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC, from the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC) and the Bamboo Annals (296 BC) describe a Xia dynasty (c. 2070–1600 BC) before the Shang, but no writing is known from the period The Shang ruled in the Yellow River valley, which is commonly held to be the cradle of Chinese civilization. However, Neolithic civilizations originated at various cultural centers along both the Yellow River and Yangtze River. These Yellow River and Yangtze civilizations arose millennia before the Shang. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the world's oldest civilizations, and is regarded as one of the cradles of civilization.The Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BC) supplanted the Shang and introduced the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. The central Zhou government began to weaken due to external and internal pressures in the 8th century BC, and the country eventually splintered into smaller states during the Spring and Autumn period. These states became independent and warred with one another in the following Warring States period. Much of traditional Chinese culture, literature and philosophy first developed during those troubled times.In 221 BC Qin Shi Huang conquered the various warring states and created for himself the title of Huangdi or "emperor" of the Qin, marking the beginning of imperial China. However, the oppressive government fell soon after his death, and was supplanted by the longer-lived Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Successive dynasties developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the emperor to control vast territories directly. In the 21 centuries from 206 BC until AD 1912, routine administrative tasks were handled by a special elite of scholar-officials. Young men, well-versed in calligraphy, history, literature, and philosophy, were carefully selected through difficult government examinations. China's last dynasty was the Qing (1644–1912), which was replaced by the Republic of China in 1912, and in the mainland by the People's Republic of China in 1949.Chinese history has alternated between periods of political unity and peace, and periods of war and failed statehood – the most recent being the Chinese Civil War (1927–1949). China was occasionally dominated by steppe peoples, most of whom were eventually assimilated into the Han Chinese culture and population. Between eras of multiple kingdoms and warlordism, Chinese dynasties have ruled parts or all of China; in some eras control stretched as far as Xinjiang and Tibet, as at present. Traditional culture, and influences from other parts of Asia and the Western world (carried by waves of immigration, cultural assimilation, expansion, and foreign contact), form the basis of the modern culture of China.
The Science And Art Of Surgery
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Author : John Eric Erichsen
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2023-04-08
The Science And Art Of Surgery written by John Eric Erichsen and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-08 with Fiction categories.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1872. The publishing house Anatiposi publishes historical books as reprints. Due to their age, these books may have missing pages or inferior quality. Our aim is to preserve these books and make them available to the public so that they do not get lost.
World Trade Stones
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Author : Gideon Fairchild
language : en
Publisher: Publifye AS
Release Date : 2025-02-22
World Trade Stones written by Gideon Fairchild and has been published by Publifye AS this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-02-22 with Business & Economics categories.
World Trade Stones unveils the surprisingly significant world of the stone trade, demonstrating how crucial commodities like granite and marble shape global economics and geography. Moving beyond mere construction material, the book highlights how the extraction, processing, and distribution of dimension stone drive economic development and reflect cultural values globally. Readers will discover that the stone trade is not only a vital component of global commerce but also a critical factor influencing landscapes and societies. The book examines the stone trade through three lenses: the geological origins and global distribution of stone resources, the technologies and labor involved in extraction, and the complex economic systems governing trade. This approach reveals intriguing insights, such as how stone mining impacts the environment and how international trade agreements affect market structures. By tracing the journey of stone from geological formation to end-use applications, the book offers a holistic view of the stone trade's entire value chain. Progressing from geological groundwork and economic principles to global geography, technology, labor practices, and economic dynamics, World Trade Stones ultimately emphasizes sustainable stone management. The book champions the idea that responsible resource management is essential for ensuring equitable economic benefits and minimizing environmental damage. This comprehensive approach makes the book a valuable resource for understanding the intersection of earth sciences, geography, and economics in the context of global commerce.
The Science And Art Of Surgery Being A Treatise On Surgical Injuries Diseases And Operations
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Author : John Eric Erichsen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1877
The Science And Art Of Surgery Being A Treatise On Surgical Injuries Diseases And Operations written by John Eric Erichsen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1877 with Surgery categories.
Census Reports Tenth Census Production Technology And Uses Of Petroleum And Its Products
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Author : United States. Census Office
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1884
Census Reports Tenth Census Production Technology And Uses Of Petroleum And Its Products written by United States. Census Office and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1884 with United States categories.
Tenth Census Of The United States 1880 Petroleum
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Author : United States. Census Office. 10th census, 1880
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1884
Tenth Census Of The United States 1880 Petroleum written by United States. Census Office. 10th census, 1880 and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1884 with United States categories.