Facts Conventions And The Levels Of Selection
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Facts Conventions And The Levels Of Selection
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Author : Pierrick Bourrat
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-09-23
Facts Conventions And The Levels Of Selection written by Pierrick Bourrat and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-23 with Philosophy categories.
Debates concerning the units and levels of selection have persisted for over fifty years. One major question in this literature is whether units and levels of selection are genuine, in the sense that they are objective features of the world, or merely reflect the interests and goals of an observer. Scientists and philosophers have proposed a range of answers to this question. This Element introduces this literature and proposes a novel contribution. It defends a realist stance and offers a way of delineating genuine levels of selection by invoking the notion of a functional unit.
Biological Individuality
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Author : Alison K. McConwell
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-03-31
Biological Individuality written by Alison K. McConwell and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-31 with Philosophy categories.
This Element develops a view about biological individuality's value in two ways: while biological individuality matters for its theoretical and methodological roles in the production of scientific knowledge, its historical use in promoting the politics of social ideologies concerning progress and perfection of humanity's evolutionary future must not be ignored. Recent trends in biological individuality are analyzed and set against the history of evolutionary thought drawing from the early twentieth century.
Structure And Function
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Author : Rose Novick
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-03-31
Structure And Function written by Rose Novick and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-31 with Science categories.
The history of biology is mottled with disputes between two distinct approaches to the organic world: structuralism and functionalism. Their persistence across radical theory change makes them difficult to characterize: the characterization must be abstract enough to capture biologists with diverse theoretical commitments, yet not so abstract as to be vacuous. This Element develops a novel account of structuralism and functionalism in terms of explanatory strategies (Section 2). This reveals the possibility of integrating the two strategies; the explanatory successes of evolutionary-developmental biology essentially depend on such integration (Section 3). Neither explanatory strategy is universally subordinate to the other, though subordination with respect to particular explanatory tasks is possible (Section 4). Beyond structuralism and functionalism, philosophical analysis that centers explanatory strategies can illuminate conflicts within evolutionary theory more generally (Section 5).
Systems Relations And The Structures Of International Societies
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Author : Jack Donnelly
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023-10-25
Systems Relations And The Structures Of International Societies written by Jack Donnelly and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-25 with Political Science categories.
Inspired by recent work in evolutionary, developmental, and systems biology, Systems, Relations, and the Structures of International Societies sketches a robust conception of systems that grounds a new conception of levels (of organization, not merely analysis). Understanding international systems as multi-level multi-actor complex adaptive systems allows explanations of important features of the world that are inaccessible to dominant causal and rationalist explanatory strategies. It also develops a comprehensive critique of IR's dominant conception of systems and structures (narrow, rigid, and unfruitful); presents a novel conception of the interrelationship of the social production of continuities and the social production of change; and sketches models of spatio-political structure that cast new light on the development of international systems, including a distinctive account of the nature of globalization.
Human Nature
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Author : Grant Ramsey
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-08-10
Human Nature written by Grant Ramsey and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-10 with Science categories.
Human nature is frequently evoked to characterize our species and describe how it differs from others. But how should we understand this concept? What is the nature of a species? Some take our nature to be an essence and argue that because humans lack an essence, they also lack a nature. Others argue for non-essentialist ways of understanding human nature, which usually aim to provide criteria for sorting human traits into one of two bins, the one belonging to our nature and the other outside our nature. This Element argues that both the essentialist and trait bin approaches are misguided. Instead, the author develops a trait cluster account of human nature, which holds that human nature is based on the distribution of our traits over our (actual and possible) life histories. One benefit of this account is that it aligns human nature with the human sciences, rendering the central concern of the human sciences to be the study of human nature. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Philosophy Of Evolutionary Theory
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Author : Elliott Sober
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2024-02-08
The Philosophy Of Evolutionary Theory written by Elliott Sober and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-08 with Science categories.
Natural selection, mutation, and adaptation are well-known and central topics in Darwin's theory of evolution and in the 20th - and 21st -century theories which grew out of it, but many other important topics are used in evolutionary biology that raise interesting philosophical questions. In this book, Elliott Sober analyses a much larger range of topics, including fitness, altruism, common ancestry, chance, taxonomy, phylogenetic inference, operationalism, reductionism, conventionalism, null hypotheses and default reasoning, instrumentalism versus realism, hypothetico-deductivism, essentialism, falsifiability, the principle of parsimony, the principle of the common cause, causality, determinism versus indeterminism, sensitivity to initial conditions, and the knowability of the past. Sober's clear philosophical analyses of these key concepts, arguments, and methods of inference will be valuable for all readers who want to understand evolutionary biology in both its Darwinian and its contemporary forms.
The Gene S Eye View Of Evolution
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Author : J. Arvid Ågren
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-07-21
The Gene S Eye View Of Evolution written by J. Arvid Ågren and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-21 with Science categories.
'Arvid Ågren has undertaken the most meticulously thorough reading of the relevant literature that I have ever encountered, deploying an intelligent understanding to pull it into a coherent story. As if that wasn't enough, he gets it right.' (Richard Dawkins) To many evolutionary biologists, the central challenge of their discipline is to explain adaptation, the appearance of design in the living world. With the theory of evolution by natural selection, Charles Darwin elegantly showed how a purely mechanistic process can achieve this striking feature of nature. Since then, the way many biologists have thought about evolution and natural selection is as a theory about individual organisms. Over a century later, a subtle but radical shift in perspective emerged with the gene's-eye view of evolution in which natural selection was conceptualized as a struggle between genes for replication and transmission to the next generation. This viewpoint culminated with the publication of The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins (Oxford University Press, 1976) and is now commonly referred to as selfish gene thinking. The gene's-eye view has subsequently played a central role in evolutionary biology, although it continues to attract controversy. The central aim of this accessible book is to show how the gene's-eye view differs from the traditional organismal account of evolution, trace its historical origins, clarify typical misunderstandings and, by using examples from contemporary experimental work, show why so many evolutionary biologists still consider it an indispensable heuristic. The book concludes by discussing how selfish gene thinking fits into ongoing debates in evolutionary biology, and what they tell us about the future of the gene's-eye view of evolution. The Gene's-Eye View of Evolution is suitable for graduate-level students taking courses in evolutionary biology, behavioural ecology, and evolutionary genetics, as well as professional researchers in these fields. It will also appeal to a broader, interdisciplinary audience from the social sciences and humanities including philosophers and historians of science.
Units Of Selection
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Author : Javier Suárez
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-09-30
Units Of Selection written by Javier Suárez and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-30 with Philosophy categories.
'Unit of selection' is a polysemic expression, meaning interactor, replicator/reproducer or manifestor of adaptation/type-1 agent in today's biological research. This Element presents each of these concepts and demonstrates the necessity of their isolation.
The Evolution Of Multicellularity
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Author : Matthew D. Herron
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-06-07
The Evolution Of Multicellularity written by Matthew D. Herron and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-07 with Science categories.
Among the most important innovations in the history of life is the transition from single-celled organisms to more complex, multicellular organisms. Multicellularity has evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, resulting in the evolution of new kinds of organisms that collectively constitute a significant portion of Earth’s biodiversity and have transformed the biosphere. This volume examines the origins and subsequent evolution of multicellularity, reviewing the types of multicellular groups that exist, their evolutionary relationships, the processes that led to their evolution, and the conceptual frameworks in which their evolution is understood. This important volume is intended to serve as a jumping-off point, stimulating further research by summarizing the topics that students and researchers of the evolution of multicellularity should be familiar with, and highlighting future research directions for the field.
Social Evolution And The What When Why And How Of The Major Evolutionary Transitions In The History Of Life
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Author : Peter Nonacs
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-01-27
Social Evolution And The What When Why And How Of The Major Evolutionary Transitions In The History Of Life written by Peter Nonacs and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-27 with Science categories.