Fall Velocity And Shape Of Snowflakes

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Fall Velocity And Shape Of Snowflakes

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Author : Monika Hanesch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999

Fall Velocity And Shape Of Snowflakes written by Monika Hanesch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.

Snow Study At Centre For Atmospheric Research Experiments

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Author : EunSil Jung
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Snow Study At Centre For Atmospheric Research Experiments written by EunSil Jung and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Snow categories.

Sublimation Of Wind Transported Snow

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Author : R. A. Schmidt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972

Sublimation Of Wind Transported Snow written by R. A. Schmidt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Snow categories.

The Use Of Knowledge Guided Machine Learning For Shape Parameter And Drag Coefficient Prediction Of Falling Snowflakes

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Author : Nicholas Fitzgerald
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2024

The Use Of Knowledge Guided Machine Learning For Shape Parameter And Drag Coefficient Prediction Of Falling Snowflakes written by Nicholas Fitzgerald and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with Machine learning categories.

Mesoscale weather models and remote sensing methods are often tuned on datasets of microphysical properties of hydrometeors in cloud systems. Gaps in these datasets, especially those of snow, lead to qualitative and quantitative errors in weather prediction. Difficulty in data collection currently limits the size of available data. Image-based precipitation monitoring methods may help in data collection, allowing capture of falling snowflakes in high detail and allowing for estimation of their properties. A novel Knowledge-Guided Convolutional Neural Network (KGCNN) is presented in this thesis for the prediction of various three-dimensional shape parameters, drag coefficient, mass, and density of falling snowflakes. The neural network model was pre-trained on silhouettes of synthetic snowflakes that are geometrically similar to real snowflakes, then fine-tuned on real snowflake images. Existing drag coefficient correlations were used to remove the burden of learning the relationship between the Reynolds number and drag coefficient from the model. The shape parameter outputs are constrained by custom physics-guided loss functions to ensure physical interpretability and allow for simultaneous prediction of particle volume and density. Pre-training and custom loss functions were found to reduce Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (NRMSE) on mass by 11.8%. Integration of drag coefficient correlations reduced mass NRMSE by 34.4% over similar models directly predicting drag coefficient, and outperformed existing physical correlations for snowflake drag coefficient. Predictions of shape parameters, volume, and density by the KGCNN were found to be consistent with experimental values. As an example of an application of the KGCNN, videos of falling snow were taken using a GoPro Hero 11 Black with a 75 mm zoom lens shielded from wind. Shape parameters, drag coefficient, and mass are predicted for each sampled snowflake. The KGCNN can be used in this manner to predict properties of falling snow using snowflake images and measurements of falling velocity for scientific purposes.

Integrated Ground Based Observing Systems

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Author : Domenico Cimini
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-09-15

Integrated Ground Based Observing Systems written by Domenico Cimini and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The book is a collection of the lectures delivered during the 7th International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (ISSAOS) titled “Integrated Ground-Based Observing Systems Applications for Climate, Meteorology, and Civil Protection”. Its aim is to contribute to the scientific understanding of basic concepts and applications of integrated ground-based observing systems. The first part describes the most common instrumentations showing their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, strategic plans for the deployment of an observation site are discussed along with an overview of techniques for integrating heterogeneous data. The second part introduces cutting-edge applications, including assimilation in numerical weather prediction, climate benchmarking, air quality monitoring and meteo/hydrological warnings.

The Microphysics Of Snow Crystal And Snowflake Melting

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Author : Norihiko Fukuta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982

The Microphysics Of Snow Crystal And Snowflake Melting written by Norihiko Fukuta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with categories.

A new portable, vertically-diverging wind tunnel was developed for studying melting of natural snowflakes and snow crystals during their free fall under controlled condition of the air stream. Using the tunnel, their size and fall velocity were measured and the regression equations were obtained. Their observed melting time depended only weakly with the size suggesting the possibility of internal melting due to air flow through their structure. Rotating and orbiting motions were commonly detected with snow crystals. Disruption was found frequently towards the end of melting of both snowflakes and ice crystals and resulted in instability in their suspension. A theoretical development was carried out for melting snowflakes and ice crystals considering their non-spherical shape. A new simple model of snowflake melting had been developed and was applied to a representative atmospheric condition. Comparison of the model behaviors of radar bright bands suggested that the shape and its development as well as size during aggregation play important roles in the bright band mechanism. The model predicts that the higher the snowfall rate, the larger the reflectivity increase and the lower the altitude of the bright band center. (Author).

Weather Radar Polarimetry

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Author : Guifu Zhang
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-08-19

Weather Radar Polarimetry written by Guifu Zhang and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-19 with Science categories.

This book presents the fundamentals of polarimetric radar remote sensing through understanding wave scattering and propagation in geophysical media filled with hydrometers and other objects. The text characterizes the physical, statistical, and electromagnetic properties of hydrometers and establishes the relations between radar observables and physical state parameters. It introduces advanced remote sensing techniques (such as polarimetric phased array radar) and retrieval methods for physical parameters. The book also illustrates applications of polarimetric radar measurements in hydrometer classification, particle size distribution retrievals, microphysical parameterization, and weather quantification and forecast.

Mountain Weather Research And Forecasting

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Author : Fotini K. Chow
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-08-30

Mountain Weather Research And Forecasting written by Fotini K. Chow and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-30 with Science categories.

This book provides readers with a broad understanding of the fundamental principles driving atmospheric flow over complex terrain and provides historical context for recent developments and future direction for researchers and forecasters. The topics in this book are expanded from those presented at the Mountain Weather Workshop, which took place in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, August 5-8, 2008. The inspiration for the workshop came from the American Meteorological Society (AMS) Mountain Meteorology Committee and was designed to bridge the gap between the research and forecasting communities by providing a forum for extended discussion and joint education. For academic researchers, this book provides some insight into issues important to the forecasting community. For the forecasting community, this book provides training on fundamentals of atmospheric processes over mountainous regions, which are notoriously difficult to predict. The book also helps to provide a better understanding of current research and forecast challenges, including the latest contributions and advancements to the field. The book begins with an overview of mountain weather and forecasting chal- lenges specific to complex terrain, followed by chapters that focus on diurnal mountain/valley flows that develop under calm conditions and dynamically-driven winds under strong forcing. The focus then shifts to other phenomena specific to mountain regions: Alpine foehn, boundary layer and air quality issues, orographic precipitation processes, and microphysics parameterizations. Having covered the major physical processes, the book shifts to observation and modelling techniques used in mountain regions, including model configuration and parameterizations such as turbulence, and model applications in operational forecasting. The book concludes with a discussion of the current state of research and forecasting in complex terrain, including a vision of how to bridge the gap in the future.

Meteorological Research Reviews

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Author : Alfred Blackadar
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-06-27

Meteorological Research Reviews written by Alfred Blackadar and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-27 with Science categories.

The objects of the American Meteorological Society are "the development and dissemination of knowledge of meteorology in all its phases and applications, and the advancement of its professional ideals." The organization of the Society took place in affiliation with the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Saint Louis, Missouri, December 29, 1919, and its incorporation, at Washington, D. C., January 21, 1920. The work of the Society is carried on by the Bulletin, the Journal, and Meteorological Monographs, by papers and discussions at meetings of the Society, through the offices of the Secretary and the Executive Secretary, and by correspondence. All of the Americas are represented in the membership of the Society as well as many foreign countries.

Atmospheric Modelling And Millimetre Wave Propagation

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Author : G. Brussaard
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1994-12-31

Atmospheric Modelling And Millimetre Wave Propagation written by G. Brussaard and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-12-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book outlines the fundamental physics of radiowave interaction in the earth's atmosphere at microwave and millimetre wavelengths and describes the latest techniques for predicting the performance of radio systems operating in these bands.