Far From Equilibrium Dynamics
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Non Linear Dynamics Near And Far From Equilibrium
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Author : J.K. Bhattacharjee
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-12-27
Non Linear Dynamics Near And Far From Equilibrium written by J.K. Bhattacharjee and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-27 with Science categories.
We will be concerned mainly with systems with in?nite degrees of freedom which can however, be described by a few variables. These variables must necessarily be ?elds i. e. functions of space and time. A typical example would be to try to describethe?owofairaroundus. Thevariablesthatwouldbenecessarytodescribe the state of air would certainly be its density, its temperature and its velocity. All these variables (density, temperature and velocity) are, in general, functions of space and time. They are mesoscopic variables. They do not re?ect the variations occurring at the molecular level. To de?ne a density, it should be recalled, we take a small volume (small compared to the total system size, yet large compared to atomic dimensions) and consider the mass of this small volume. The ratio of mass tovolumeremainsconstantforareasonablylargevariationinthesizeofthevolume chosen and de?nes the density of the system. It fails to be a constant if the volume becomessosmallthatitcontainsonlyafewmolecules. Inthatcaseourdescription in terms of a density fails. All the systems that we will talk about can be described in terms of a coarse grained ?eld like the density. Because of the smallness (at the macroscopic level) of the volume used in de?ning density it can be considered a local variable. This is what makes it a ?eld. Similarly we can talk about the local temperature and local velocity. The local velocity is not the velocity of an individual molecule but the velocity associated with a macroscopically small, yet microscopicallylargevolumeofair.
Non Equilibrium Dynamics Of One Dimensional Bose Gases
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Author : Tim Langen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-05-22
Non Equilibrium Dynamics Of One Dimensional Bose Gases written by Tim Langen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-22 with Science categories.
This work presents a series of experiments with ultracold one-dimensional Bose gases, which establish said gases as an ideal model system for exploring a wide range of non-equilibrium phenomena. With the help of newly developed tools, like full distributions functions and phase correlation functions, the book reveals the emergence of thermal-like transient states, the light-cone-like emergence of thermal correlations and the observation of generalized thermodynamic ensembles. This points to a natural emergence of classical statistical properties from the microscopic unitary quantum evolution, and lays the groundwork for a universal framework of non-equilibrium physics. The thesis investigates a central question that is highly contested in quantum physics: how and to which extent does an isolated quantum many-body system relax? This question arises in many diverse areas of physics, and many of the open problems appear at vastly different energy, time and length scales, ranging from high-energy physics and cosmology to condensed matter and quantum information. A key challenge in attempting to answer this question is the scarcity of quantum many-body systems that are both well isolated from the environment and accessible for experimental study.
Thermodynamics And Fluctuations Far From Equilibrium
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Author : John Ross
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-08-06
Thermodynamics And Fluctuations Far From Equilibrium written by John Ross and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-06 with Science categories.
Thermodynamics is one of the foundations of science. The subject has been developed for systems at equilibrium for the past 150 years. The story is di?erent for systems not at equilibrium, either time-dependent systems or systems in non-equilibrium stationary states; here much less has been done, even though the need for this subject has much wider applicability. We have been interested in, and studied, systems far from equilibrium for 40 years and present here some aspects of theory and experiments on three topics: Part I deals with formulation of thermodynamics of systems far from equilibrium, including connections to ?uctuations, with applications to n- equilibrium stationary states and approaches to such states, systems with multiple stationary states, reaction di?usion systems, transport properties, andelectrochemicalsystems. Experimentsto substantiatethe formulationare also given. In Part II, dissipation and e?ciency in autonomous and externally forced reactions, including several biochemical systems, are explained. Part III explains stochastic theory and ?uctuations in systems far from equilibrium, ?uctuation–dissipation relations, including disordered systems. We concentrate on a coherent presentation of our work and make conn- tions to related or alternative approaches by other investigators. There is no attempt of a literature survey of this ?eld. We hope that this book will help and interest chemists, physicists, b- chemists, and chemical and mechanical engineers. Sooner or later, we expect this book to be introduced into graduate studies and then into undergraduate studies, and hope that the book will serve the purpose.
Systems Far From Equilibrium
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Author : Luis Garrido
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1980
Systems Far From Equilibrium written by Luis Garrido and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Science categories.
Non Equilibrium Phase Transitions
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Author : Malte Henkel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-01-19
Non Equilibrium Phase Transitions written by Malte Henkel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-19 with Science categories.
“The importance of knowledge consists not only in its direct practical utility but also in the fact the it promotes a widely contemplative habit of mind; on this ground, utility is to be found in much of the knowledge that is nowadays labelled ‘useless’. ” Bertrand Russel, In Praise of Idleness, London (1935) “Why are scientists in so many cases so deeply interested in their work ? Is it merely because it is useful ? It is only necessary to talk to such scientists to discover that the utilitarian possibilities of their work are generally of secondary interest to them. Something else is primary. ” David Bohm, On creativity, Abingdon (1996) In this volume, the dynamical critical behaviour of many-body systems far from equilibrium is discussed. Therefore, the intrinsic properties of the - namics itself, rather than those of the stationary state, are in the focus of 1 interest. Characteristically, far-from-equilibrium systems often display - namical scaling, even if the stationary state isvery far from being critical. A 1 As an example of a non-equilibrium phase transition, with striking practical c- sequences, consider the allotropic change of metallic ?-tin to brittle ?-tin. At o equilibrium, the gray ?-Sn becomes more stable than the silvery ?-Sn at 13. 2 C. Kinetically, the transition between these two solid forms of tin is rather slow at higher temperatures. It starts from small islands of ?-Sn, the growth of which proceeds through an auto-catalytic reaction.
Far From Equilibrium Dynamics
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Author : Yasumasa Nishiura
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date : 2002
Far From Equilibrium Dynamics written by Yasumasa Nishiura and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Mathematics categories.
When different scales exist in the spatial direction, it produces non- uniformity that is frequently characterized by identifiable patterns. This monograph investigates the dynamics of spatio-temporal patterns created by the coexistence of different scales. Of particular concern is how the loss of uniformity requires the fixing of particular scales that cause the loss of the global picture of the system. Singular perturbation theories are discussed as a way out of that dilemma. Various methodologies for studying dissipative systems from the standpoint of separation and unification of scales are presented. The interface dynamics caused by the difference of spatial scales is also given a prominent place in the discussion. Translated from the 1999 Japanese work Hisenkei mondai. 1, Patan keisei no suri. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Statistical Thermodynamics Of Nonequilibrium Processes
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Author : Joel Keizer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Statistical Thermodynamics Of Nonequilibrium Processes written by Joel Keizer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The structure of the theory ofthermodynamics has changed enormously since its inception in the middle of the nineteenth century. Shortly after Thomson and Clausius enunciated their versions of the Second Law, Clausius, Maxwell, and Boltzmann began actively pursuing the molecular basis of thermo dynamics, work that culminated in the Boltzmann equation and the theory of transport processes in dilute gases. Much later, Onsager undertook the elucidation of the symmetry oftransport coefficients and, thereby, established himself as the father of the theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Com bining the statistical ideas of Gibbs and Langevin with the phenomenological transport equations, Onsager and others went on to develop a consistent statistical theory of irreversible processes. The power of that theory is in its ability to relate measurable quantities, such as transport coefficients and thermodynamic derivatives, to the results of experimental measurements. As powerful as that theory is, it is linear and limited in validity to a neighborhood of equilibrium. In recent years it has been possible to extend the statistical theory of nonequilibrium processes to include nonlinear effects. The modern theory, as expounded in this book, is applicable to a wide variety of systems both close to and far from equilibrium. The theory is based on the notion of elementary molecular processes, which manifest themselves as random changes in the extensive variables characterizing a system. The theory has a hierarchical character and, thus, can be applied at various levels of molecular detail.
Quantum Gases
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Author : Nick Proukakis
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2013
Quantum Gases written by Nick Proukakis and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Science categories.
This volume provides a broad overview of the principal theoretical techniques applied to non-equilibrium and finite temperature quantum gases. Covering Bose-Einstein condensates, degenerate Fermi gases, and the more recently realised exciton-polariton condensates, it fills a gap by linking between different methods with origins in condensed matter physics, quantum field theory, quantum optics, atomic physics, and statistical mechanics.
Fractals Scaling And Growth Far From Equilibrium
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Author : Paul Meakin
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1998
Fractals Scaling And Growth Far From Equilibrium written by Paul Meakin and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Mathematics categories.
A comprehensive, 1998 account of the practical aspects and pitfalls of the applications of fractal modelling in the physical sciences.
Pattern Formation And Dynamics In Nonequilibrium Systems
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Author : Michael Cross
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-07-16
Pattern Formation And Dynamics In Nonequilibrium Systems written by Michael Cross and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-16 with Mathematics categories.
An account of how complex patterns form in sustained nonequilibrium systems; for graduate students in biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and physics.