Fast Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Fast Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Author : Guido Buonincontri
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31
Fast Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Guido Buonincontri and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Among medical imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stands out for its excellent soft-tissue contrast, anatomical detail, and high sensitivity for disease detection. However, as proven by the continuous and vast effort to develop new MRI techniques, limitations and open challenges remain. The primary source of contrast in MRI images are the various relaxation parameters associated with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomena upon which MRI is based. Although it is possible to quantify these relaxation parameters (qMRI) they are rarely used in the clinic, and radiological interpretation of images is primarily based upon images that are relaxation time weighted. The clinical adoption of qMRI is mainly limited by the long acquisition times required to quantify each relaxation parameter as well as questions around their accuracy and reliability. More specifically, the main limitations of qMRI methods have been the difficulty in dealing with the high inter-parameter correlations and a high sensitivity to MRI system imperfections. Recently, new methods for rapid qMRI have been proposed. The multi-parametric models at the heart of these techniques have the main advantage of accounting for the correlations between the parameters of interest as well as system imperfections. This holistic view on the MR signal makes it possible to regress many individual parameters at once, potentially with a higher accuracy. Novel, accurate techniques promise a fast estimation of relevant MRI quantities, including but not limited to longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times. Among these emerging methods, MR Fingerprinting (MRF), synthetic MR (syMRI or MAGIC), and T1‒T2 Shuffling are making their way into the clinical world at a very fast pace. However, the main underlying assumptions and algorithms used are sometimes different from those found in the conventional MRI literature, and can be elusive at times. In this book, we take the opportunity to study and describe the main assumptions, theoretical background, and methods that are the basis of these emerging techniques. Quantitative transient state imaging provides an incredible, transformative opportunity for MRI. There is huge potential to further extend the physics, in conjunction with the underlying physiology, toward a better theoretical description of the underlying models, their application, and evaluation to improve the assessment of disease and treatment efficacy.
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Author : Nicole Seiberlich
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-11-18
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Nicole Seiberlich and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-18 with Computers categories.
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a ‘go-to’ reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: The basic physics behind tissue property mapping How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor maps and more complex representations of diffusion How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches
Theory Of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Author : Hernán Jara
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Release Date : 2013-04-04
Theory Of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Hernán Jara and has been published by World Scientific Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
qMRI is a rapidly evolving scientific field of high current interest because it has the potential of radically changing the clinical and research practices of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This focuses solely on the theoretical aspects of qMRI, which are treated and analyzed at three different spatial scales, specifically: i) the quantum physics scale of individual spins; ii) the semi-classical physics scale of spin packets; and iii) the imaging scale of voxels. Topics are presented paying particular attention to theoretical unification and mathematical uniformity.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Author : Robert W. Brown
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-05-02
Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Robert W. Brown and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-02 with Medical categories.
New edition explores contemporary MRI principles and practices Thoroughly revised, updated and expanded, the second edition of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design remains the preeminent text in its field. Using consistent nomenclature and mathematical notations throughout all the chapters, this new edition carefully explains the physical principles of magnetic resonance imaging design and implementation. In addition, detailed figures and MR images enable readers to better grasp core concepts, methods, and applications. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Second Edition begins with an introduction to fundamental principles, with coverage of magnetization, relaxation, quantum mechanics, signal detection and acquisition, Fourier imaging, image reconstruction, contrast, signal, and noise. The second part of the text explores MRI methods and applications, including fast imaging, water-fat separation, steady state gradient echo imaging, echo planar imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and induced magnetism. Lastly, the text discusses important hardware issues and parallel imaging. Readers familiar with the first edition will find much new material, including: New chapter dedicated to parallel imaging New sections examining off-resonance excitation principles, contrast optimization in fast steady-state incoherent imaging, and efficient lower-dimension analogues for discrete Fourier transforms in echo planar imaging applications Enhanced sections pertaining to Fourier transforms, filter effects on image resolution, and Bloch equation solutions when both rf pulse and slice select gradient fields are present Valuable improvements throughout with respect to equations, formulas, and text New and updated problems to test further the readers' grasp of core concepts Three appendices at the end of the text offer review material for basic electromagnetism and statistics as well as a list of acquisition parameters for the images in the book. Acclaimed by both students and instructors, the second edition of Magnetic Resonance Imaging offers the most comprehensive and approachable introduction to the physics and the applications of magnetic resonance imaging.
Principles Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Author : Yi Wang
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2012-10-03
Principles Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Yi Wang and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-03 with Magnetic resonance imaging categories.
Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging provides a contemporary introduction of the fundamental concepts of MRI and connects these concepts to the latest MRI developments. Graphic illustrations are used to clarify underlying biophysical processes, simplified calculations are derived to add precision in appreciating abstract concepts, and insightful interpretations are presented for biomedical information in MRI signal. This book contains three parts. I. Section the body into voxels, which describes the Fourier encoding matrix for an imaging system, realization of Fourier encoding using the gradient field in magnetic resonance, and k-space sampling. II. What's in a voxel, which examines the effects of the biophysical processes in a voxel on MRI signal. Intuitive biophysical models are developed for MRI signal dependence on Spin fluctuation in thermal microenvironment, which leads to T1/T2 relaxation rates reflecting cellular contents in a water voxel. Micro- and macro physiological motion, which includes diffusion, perfusion, flow and biomechanical motion. Molecular electron response to the B0 field, which leads to magnetic susceptibility and chemical shift. III. How to operate MRI, which describes MRI safety issue, hardware, software, MRI scanning and routine MRI protocols. This book also uses basic concepts to demonstrate and expose students to the latest technological innovations in MRI, including: B1+ B1- mapping, Electric property tomography (EPT), Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), Contrast agents, Molecular MRI, Spin tagging (SPAMM and DENSE), MR elastography, Parallel imaging including SENSE and GRAPPA, Compressed sensing and Bayesian approach.
Development Of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques For Cellular Tracking And Measuring Organ Perfusion
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Author : Kai David Ludwig
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Development Of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques For Cellular Tracking And Measuring Organ Perfusion written by Kai David Ludwig and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a safe and promising modality for non-invasive, longitudinal, and quantitative evaluation in higher risk populations including pediatrics and obstetrics. The overall goal of this thesis is to develop quantitative MRI techniques for pediatric and in utero studies of disease. Progress with expansion and activation of immune cells has revived interest in cellular-based treatments against incurable or relapsed pediatric cancers. One of the technological shortcomings of translating cellular-based therapies from animal models to clinical application is the inability to non-invasively image therapeutically delivered cells after infusion. Furthermore, several pregnancy complications are correlated to vascular functional deficiencies impeding nutrient exchange in placental tissue, including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), maternal gestational hypertensive disorders as well as adverse birth outcomes. There is a clear need for non-invasive, quantitative assessment of vascular function of the placenta in early pregnancy to identify any developing pathophysiologic conditions before their clinical manifestation. MRI methods of immune cell detection and blood perfusion measurement can improve sensitivity to novel therapies and early disease without using ionizing radiation. To this end, a chemical shift encoded (CSE) fluorine-19 (19F) MRI acquisition and reconstruction is developed and optimized for quantitative imaging of complex cellular labels used to track immune cells. The CSE approach is applied to a 19F cell tracking agent used to detect natural killer (NK) cells in vivo and validation is performed with fluorescence microscopy. This work demonstrates advancements in 19F MRI techniques to detect and accurately quantify 19F concentrations. Additionally, we evaluate arterial spin labeling (ASL) with flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) to measure placental intervillous perfusion in a pregnant rhesus macaque model and compare with ferumoxytol dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. Differences in contrast dynamics of the endogenous blood label versus the injected ferumoxytol are used to delineate fast and slow components of blood arrival time. Regions of fast and slow arrival appear to be associated with functional units of the placenta that may be useful for measuring and monitoring placental function. Overall, the dissertation provides the foundation for developing longitudinal and quantitative MR techniques to assess immune cell dynamics and measure placental vascular function in human pregnancies.
Development Of Quantitative Fast Imaging With Steady State Free Precession Fisp Techniques For High Field Preclinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Author : Ying Gao (Gao)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Development Of Quantitative Fast Imaging With Steady State Free Precession Fisp Techniques For High Field Preclinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Ying Gao (Gao) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Biology categories.
Preclinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is critical in the investigation of pathophysiology and therapies. High-field (>= 4.7 T) preclinical MRI scanners have been developed to quantitatively evaluate disease status and the efficacy of novel therapies in a wide variety of rodent models with rigorous validation. High magnetic fields provide increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that can be "traded" for spatial / temporal resolution which is extremely valuable in preclinical imaging. However, high-field preclinical MRI systems also face challenges that affect imaging quality, in which B0 inhomogenieties are a major source of artifacts and entail difficulties of conventional clinical acquisitions in low-field settings applied at high fields. In this work, three MRI techniques were developed for high-field preclinical MRI scanners exploiting a fast imaging with steady-state free precession (FISP) acquisition scheme as a technical core to circumvent the significant off-resonance artifacts on high field MRI scanners. First, a FISP-based Look-Locker T1 measurement was developed as a non-invasive and sensitive imaging marker to quantitatively assess autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) liver disease in the PCK rat model of ARPKD. Second, a rapid and quantitative arterial spin labeling (ASL)-FISP technique was developed for high-field preclinical MRI scanners to provide perfusion-weighted images in less than 2 s with minimal image artifacts and further investigated in neuroimaging. Third, an initial preclinical 7 T MRI implementation of the highly novel magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) methodology was developed and in vivo preclinical MRF results in mouse kidneys and brain tumor models demonstrated an inherent resistance to respiratory motion artifacts as well as sensitivity to known pathology. Overall, FISP-based quantitative MRI techniques developed here will create a wealth of opportunities for preclinical imaging applications and inform future clinical imaging studies.
Quantitative Perfusion Mri
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Author : Hai-Ling Margaret Cheng
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2023-09-01
Quantitative Perfusion Mri written by Hai-Ling Margaret Cheng and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-01 with Science categories.
Quantitative Perfusion MRI: Techniques, Applications, and Practical Considerations, Volume 11 clearly and carefully explains the basic theory and MRI techniques for quantifying perfusion non-invasively in deep tissue, covering all aspects of perfusion imaging, from acquisition requirements to selection of contrast agents and appropriate pharmacokinetic models and for reliable quantification in different diseases and tissue types. Specifically, this book enables the reader to understand what microvascular functional parameters can be measured with perfusion MRI, learn the basic techniques to measure perfusion in different organs, apply the appropriate perfusion MRI technique to the organ of interest, and much more. This complete reference on quantitative perfusion MRI is highly suitable for both early and experienced researchers, graduate students and clinicians wishing to understand how quantitative perfusion MRI can apply to their application area of interest. Provides a one-stop resource for students and early and experienced researchers on all aspects of quantitative perfusion MRI as written by experts in the field Explains basic theory and MRI techniques Presents a strong focus on the practical considerations that can make or break perfusion MRI Includes applications in oncology, cardiology, neurology and body imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Author : Vadim Kuperman
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2000-03-15
Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Vadim Kuperman and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-03-15 with Science categories.
This book is intended as a text/reference for students, researchers, and professors interested in physical and biomedical applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Both the theoretical and practical aspects of MRI are emphasized. The book begins with a comprehensive discussion of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) phenomenon based on quantum mechanics and the classical theory of electromagnetism. The first three chapters of this book provide the foundation needed to understand the basic characteristics of MR images, e.g.,image contrast, spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, common image artifacts. Then MRI applications are considered in the following five chapters. Both the theoretical and practical aspects of MRI are emphasized. The book ends with a discussion of instrumentation and the principles of signal detection in MRI. Clear progression from fundamental physical principles of NMR to MRI and its applications Extensive discussion of image acquisition and reconstruction of MRI Discussion of different mechanisms of MR image contrast Mathematical derivation of the signal-to-noise dependence on basic MR imaging parameters as well as field strength In-depth consideration of artifacts in MR images Comprehensive discussion of several techniques used for rapid MR imaging including rapid gradient-echo imaging, echo-planar imaging, fast spin-echo imaging and spiral imaging Qualitative discussion combined with mathematical description of MR techniques for imaging flow
Magnetic Resonance Techniques In Clinical Trials In Multiple Sclerosis
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Author : M. Filippi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Magnetic Resonance Techniques In Clinical Trials In Multiple Sclerosis written by M. Filippi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
We have entered an exciting period in the study of multiple sclerosis and its treatment. Central to this progress has been the introduction of magnetic reso nance techniques. When Young and his colleagues published the first images of the brain in multiple sclerosis at the end of 1981, it was at once obvious that magnetic resonance imaging would playa major role in diagnosis. Intuitively one felt that it would also have a role in increasing our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and in monitoring treatment. And so it has proved. Important problems however remain, perhaps the most important of which at present is the weak predictive power of standard magnetic resonance ima ging methods in determining the possibility of progression of impairment and disability. Recently, there have been advances which promise to overcome some of these problems, but decisions about what approach to adopt in selecting patients for clinical trials and which techniques to use in monitoring treatment during their course are still difficult. In this book, Dr. Filippi and his colleagues have assembled an outstanding group of contributors whose work is central to the progress that is being made. The coverage of the issues involved in the use of magnetic resonance techniques in assessing therapeutic effect is comprehensive and, though the field is chan ging rapidly, the principles and much of the detail in the book are likely to have lasting value.