Fast Simulation Of Seismic Wind Turbine Response
DOWNLOAD
Download Fast Simulation Of Seismic Wind Turbine Response PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Fast Simulation Of Seismic Wind Turbine Response book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Fast Simulation Of Seismic Wind Turbine Response
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Fast Simulation Of Seismic Wind Turbine Response written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
This paper discusses recent additions to the computer simulation code FAST that allow a user to consider seismic loads.
Fast Simulation Of Wind Turbine Seismic Response
DOWNLOAD
Author : Ian Prowell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Fast Simulation Of Wind Turbine Seismic Response written by Ian Prowell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Earthquakes categories.
Numerical modeling is an essential tool for predicting the seismic response of structures. Many mature computational tools, both commercial and public domain, are available for modeling stationary buildings and structures. Wind turbines are structures in motion, however, and as such are not easily modeled in these existing packages. FAST, an open source software tool maintained by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), designed specifically to simulate turbine dynamics, overcomes this limitation. This paper discusses recent additions to FAST that allow a user to consider seismic loads in addition to existing robust capabilities for simulating wind and other load sources under the various states of wind turbine operation. For that purpose, researchers at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) first simulated seismic response for a small utility-scale wind turbine to a suite of earthquake motions using an experimentally validated OpenSees model. A comparable model built for FAST was subjected to the same earthquake recordings. Results from the two models validate this new capability in FAST.
The Influence Of Earthquake Ground Motion On Wind Turbine Loads
DOWNLOAD
Author : Himanshu Arora
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Influence Of Earthquake Ground Motion On Wind Turbine Loads written by Himanshu Arora and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
The design of wind turbines installed in various regions of the world where earthquakes are likely must take into account loads imposed on the turbine due to ground shaking. Currently, design standards such as the International Electrotechnical Commission's standard, IEC 61400-1, do not provide detailed guidelines for assessing loads on wind turbines due to seismic input excitation. In regions of high seismic hazard, it is extremely important to perform a thorough seismic analysis. Various simplified and full-system wind turbine models have been published and used for seismic analysis of turbine loads in recent years. Among these models, the open-source software, FAST, allows for full-system simulation of the response of wind turbines subjected to earthquake ground motion along with other sources of loading such as from the mean wind field and turbulence. This study employs this open-source software to simulate seismic loads and presents statistical and spectral summaries resulting from extensive analyses undertaken by simulating turbine response to various input motions from Western U.S. earthquakes. A total of 150 different earthquake ground motion records with varying magnitude and distance from fault rupture are selected and normalized/scaled to selected target levels prior to response simulation using a utility-scale 5-MW wind turbine model. The records selected are divided into six groups of 25 records each; the groups consist of different magnitude and distance-to-rupture values. The records in each bin are scaled to have similar demand levels as the average of the demand of the unscaled records in that bin. Two different normalization options are considered -- in one, the scaling is at the rotor rotation rate (or the once-per-rev or 1P frequency); in the other, the scaling is done at the tower fore-aft first mode frequency. A study of various turbine load measures is conducted. It is found that turbine tower loads, in particular, are especially influenced by the earthquake excitation.
An Experimental And Numerical Study Of Wind Turbine Seismic Behavior
DOWNLOAD
Author : Ian Prowell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
An Experimental And Numerical Study Of Wind Turbine Seismic Behavior written by Ian Prowell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Earthquake resistant design categories.
This dissertation presents an experimental and numerical investigation into the seismic response of modern wind turbines. Currently, no consensus exists in the industry and there is significant interest in improving prediction of the behavior of wind turbines simultaneously subjected to wind, earthquake, and operational excitation. To this end, an experimental program was planned in order to evaluate seismic loading of wind turbines. In 2004, a preliminary shake table test of a 65-kW utility scale wind turbine was conducted that provided an experimental basis to begin the work discussed herein. A monitoring campaign was performed at Oak Creek Energy Systems in Mojave, California to assess variability of in-situ dynamic characteristics of two modern wind turbines (900-kW and 1.5-MW rated power) under different operational states and wind conditions. A second shake table experiment with a more extensive test program and improved instrumentation was executed, in which orientation of shaking and operational state were found to significantly influence response. Using the finite element program OpenSees, beam-column models of the tested specimens were constructed and calibrated. Collected data provided a basis to show that such a model could reproduce salient characteristics including natural frequencies, mode shapes, and dynamic response time histories for a parked turbine. In-situ results were used to guide construction of full turbine-foundation-soil models that provided insight into soil-structure interaction phenomena. An existing tool to simulate turbine dynamics, the FAST code, was extended to include seismic loading to allow simulation of operational turbines subjected to base shaking and validated based on shake table results. Using a calibrated model of the tested 900-kW turbine it is shown that neglecting aerodynamics results in significant over estimation of the tower bending demand. An investigation of turbines ranging from 65-kW to 5-MW concluded that consideration of aerodynamics and operational state becomes increasingly important with size. The updated FAST code was demonstrated to accurately reproduce observed dynamics of operating turbines, providing a validated tool for seismic design of turbines. These contributions clarify that operational state and orientation of shaking are important considerations and enable the development of a new generation of turbines that appropriately consider seismic loads.
Earthquake Response Modeling For A Parked And Operating Megawatt Scale Wind Turbine
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Earthquake Response Modeling For A Parked And Operating Megawatt Scale Wind Turbine written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Earthquake engineering categories.
Demand parameters for turbines, such as tower moment demand, are primarily driven by wind excitation and dynamics associated with operation. For that purpose, computational simulation platforms have been developed, such as FAST, maintained by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). For seismically active regions, building codes also require the consideration of earthquake loading. Historically, it has been common to use simple building code approaches to estimate the structural demand from earthquake shaking, as an independent loading scenario. Currently, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) design requirements include the consideration of earthquake shaking while the turbine is operating. Numerical and analytical tools used to consider earthquake loads for buildings and other static civil structures are not well suited for modeling simultaneous wind and earthquake excitation in conjunction with operational dynamics. Through the addition of seismic loading capabilities to FAST, it is possible to simulate earthquake shaking in the time domain, which allows consideration of non-linear effects such as structural nonlinearities, aerodynamic hysteresis, control system influence, and transients. This paper presents a FAST model of a modern 900-kW wind turbine, which is calibrated based on field vibration measurements. With this calibrated model, both coupled and uncoupled simulations are conducted looking at the structural demand for the turbine tower. Response is compared under the conditions of normal operation and potential emergency shutdown due the earthquake induced vibrations. The results highlight the availability of a numerical tool for conducting such studies, and provide insights into the combined wind-earthquake loading mechanism.
Seismic Loading For Fast
DOWNLOAD
Author : M. A. Asareh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Seismic Loading For Fast written by M. A. Asareh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Earthquakes categories.
As more wind farms are constructed in seismically active regions, earthquake loading increases in prominence for design and analysis of wind turbines. Early investigation of seismic load tended to simplify the rotor and nacelle as a lumped mass on top of the turbine tower. This simplification allowed the use of techniques developed for conventional civil structures, such as buildings, to be easily applied to wind turbines. However, interest is shifting to more detailed models that consider loads for turbine components other than the tower. These improved models offer three key capabilities in consideration of base shaking for turbines: 1) The inclusion of aerodynamics and turbine control; 2) The ability to consider component loads other than just tower loads; and 3) An improved representation of turbine response in higher modes by reducing modeling simplifications. Both experimental and numerical investigations have shown that, especially for large modern turbines, it is important to consider interaction between earthquake input, aerodynamics, and operational loads. These investigations further show that consideration of higher mode activity may be necessary in the analysis of the seismic response of turbines. Since the FAST code is already capable of considering these factors, modifications were developed that allow simulation of base shaking. This approach allows consideration of this additional load source within a framework, the FAST code that is already familiar to many researchers and practitioners.
Dynamic Behavior Of Operational Wind Turbines Considering Aerodynamic And Seismic Load Interaction
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mohammad-Amin Asareh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Dynamic Behavior Of Operational Wind Turbines Considering Aerodynamic And Seismic Load Interaction written by Mohammad-Amin Asareh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Earthquake engineering categories.
"With the advancements in the wind energy production industry, the demand for a cost effective and safe design of wind turbine structures is growing rapidly. The wide deployment of wind turbines in locations with high seismic hazard has lead engineers to take into account a more comprehensive seismic design of such structures. In response to the need for a computational tool that can perform coupled simulations of wind and seismic loads, a seismic module has been developed for the publicly available National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) code, FAST, at the first step of this research. This achievement allows engineers working in this industry to directly consider interaction between seismic and other environmental loads for turbines with a freely available simulation tool. The first paper details the practical application and theory of these enhancements and provides examples for the use of different capabilities. The platform is then used to show the suitable earthquake and operational load combination with the implicit consideration of aerodynamic damping by estimating appropriate load factors. In the next step, the developed platform is used to evaluate the effects of aerodynamic and seismic load coupling on the power generation and structural dynamics behavior of wind turbines. Various turbine operation scenarios such as (i) normal operational condition, (ii) idling, and (iii) earthquake induced emergency shutdown are simulated to show the differences in generated power and dynamic response of wind turbine structures. The effects of aerodynamic damping and pitch control system are presented which show reduction in the resulting design demand loads. In the last step, a finite element model of the turbine which is calibrated with the previously implemented code is used to evaluate the fragility of wind turbines under seismic and wind excitation. This is obtained by the assessment of nonlinear dynamic behavior of a 5-MW NREL wind turbine considering different earthquake and wind intensities using the finite element model. Engineering Demand Parameters (EDP) and Intensity Measures (IM) are then obtained from Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) and used to assess the probability of exceeding different Damage States (DS) using fragility curves."--Abstract, page iv.
Experimental And Numerical Seismic Response Of Offshore Wind Turbines Supported On Bucket Foundations
DOWNLOAD
Author : Muhammad Zayed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Experimental And Numerical Seismic Response Of Offshore Wind Turbines Supported On Bucket Foundations written by Muhammad Zayed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Bucket foundations have proven to be an efficient cost-effective option for a wide range of offshore applications. Motivated by the strong growth in offshore wind energy, this dissertation aims to investigate the seismic response of bucket foundations. A scaled soil-structure model of a 3.45 Megawatt (MW) utility-scale Offshore Wind Turbine (OWT) was tested on medium-size 1-g shake table. A preliminary testing phase resulted in developing new approaches for: i) tracking shear wave velocity variation within the ground during seismic excitation, and ii) generating accumulated ground deformation via asymmetric base shaking. Thereafter, the OWT model was subjected to a series of harmonic and earthquake-like excitations. From the collected data, key features of the overall system response were gleaned. Utilizing the experimental data, a nonlinear finite element (FE) model was calibrated to simulate the observed seismic response. The developed FE model was then extended to investigate the seismic behavior of a representative utility-scale OWT in sands under earthquake motions, combined with operational wind load effects. A parametric study is conducted to investigate influence of: i) soil stiffness and strength, ii) ground motion characteristics, iii) soil permeability, iv) bucket size, and v) damping on the OWT seismic response. The results suggest that: i) the near field pore water pressure build-up and bucket rotation are correlated, ii) ground motion characteristics have direct impact on the permanent bucket rotation, iii) lower soil permeability results in larger rotation due to the higher near field pore water pressure build-up, iv) permanent bucket rotation tends to reach a maximum and a minimum at the lower and upper bounds of soil permeability, respectively, reflecting the fully drained and undrained conditions, v) the difference in permanent bucket rotation between undrained and drained conditions tends to decrease with increasing soil stiffness, vi) Within the range of investigated scenarios, an essentially linear correlation was noted between the OWT fundamental frequency and the permanent bucket rotation, and vii) viscous damping at higher frequencies might have a significant effect on the bucket moment rotation response. As such, the gained insights provide guidance for seismic design of bucket foundation offshore wind turbines.
Physical Modelling In Geotechnics Volume 1
DOWNLOAD
Author : Andrew McNamara
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-07-11
Physical Modelling In Geotechnics Volume 1 written by Andrew McNamara and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Physical Modelling in Geotechnics collects more than 1500 pages of peer-reviewed papers written by researchers from over 30 countries, and presented at the 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 2018 (City, University of London, UK 17-20 July 2018). The ICPMG series has grown such that two volumes of proceedings were required to publish all contributions. The books represent a substantial body of work in four years. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics contains 230 papers, including eight keynote and themed lectures representing the state-of-the-art in physical modelling research in aspects as diverse as fundamental modelling including sensors, imaging, modelling techniques and scaling, onshore and offshore foundations, dams and embankments, retaining walls and deep excavations, ground improvement and environmental engineering, tunnels and geohazards including significant contributions in the area of seismic engineering. ISSMGE TC104 have identified areas for special attention including education in physical modelling and the promotion of physical modelling to industry. With this in mind there is a special themed paper on education, focusing on both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching as well as practicing geotechnical engineers. Physical modelling has entered a new era with the advent of exciting work on real time interfaces between physical and numerical modelling and the growth of facilities and expertise that enable development of so called ‘megafuges’ of 1000gtonne capacity or more; capable of modelling the largest and most complex of geotechnical challenges. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics will be of interest to professionals, engineers and academics interested or involved in geotechnics, geotechnical engineering and related areas. The 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics was organised by the Multi Scale Geotechnical Engineering Research Centre at City, University of London under the auspices of Technical Committee 104 of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). City, University of London, are pleased to host the prestigious international conference for the first time having initiated and hosted the first regional conference, Eurofuge, ten years ago in 2008. Quadrennial regional conferences in both Europe and Asia are now well established events giving doctoral researchers, in particular, the opportunity to attend an international conference in this rapidly evolving specialist area. This is volume 1 of a 2-volume set.
New Energy And Sustainable Development Proceedings Of 2016 International Conference On New Energy And Sustainable Development Nesd 2016
DOWNLOAD
Author : Yuan Yan-ping
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2016-12-22
New Energy And Sustainable Development Proceedings Of 2016 International Conference On New Energy And Sustainable Development Nesd 2016 written by Yuan Yan-ping and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-22 with Science categories.
This compendium includes a wide range of topics, from energy science and technology, development and utilization of resources to sustainable ecological development. It serves not only as a combination and analysis of the existing theories and findings, but also emphasizes on new investigations and experiments. The book is an invaluable source for professionals, researchers, academicians and engineers. It is also an important tool for authors to re-examine their researches by comparing them to other similar ones shown in other papers.