Federal Support For Research And Development
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Federal Support For Research And Development
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2007
Federal Support For Research And Development written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Federal aid to research categories.
Federal Support For Research And Development
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Author : Sheila Marie Campbell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Federal Support For Research And Development written by Sheila Marie Campbell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Federal aid to research categories.
This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study, prepared at the request of the Ranking Member of the Senate Committee on the Budget, examines recent trends in federal support for research and development and the current state of knowledge about the economic effects of that support. Private businesses are the largest sponsors of research and development (R & D) in the United States; however, the federal government has long provided significant support for R & D activities to both supplement and encourage private efforts. The government finances research and development through spending and tax benefits that give businesses an incentive to increase their R & D spending. This study addresses questions such as whether the current level of spending is appropriate, what returns taxpayers receive for public investment in R & D, and whether funds are allocated to areas of inquiry and projects that will provide the highest return on that investment.--Preface.
Criteria For Federal Support Of Research And Development
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Author : Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. Committee on Science and Technology
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965
Criteria For Federal Support Of Research And Development written by Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. Committee on Science and Technology and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Research categories.
Federal Support For R D And Innovation
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Author : Louis Schorsch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Federal Support For R D And Innovation written by Louis Schorsch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Federal aid to research categories.
Federal Support For Research And Development
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Author : Sheila Campbell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Federal Support For Research And Development written by Sheila Campbell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
New knowledge and continuing innovation have been major factors in increasing economic well-being. Private businesses are the largest sponsors of research and development (R&D) in the United States, producing the discoveries that in turn lead to new products and services and the growth of productivity; however, the federal government has long provided significant support for R&D activities to both supplement and encourage private efforts. The government finances research and development through spending -- fiscal year 2007 appropriations for R&D activities total $137 billion -- and tax benefits that give businesses an incentive to increase their R&D spending. Studies of federally supported R&D provide multifaceted but incomplete answers to questions about those governmental activities: whether the current level of spending is appropriate, what returns taxpayers receive for public investment in R&D, and whether funds are allocated to areas of inquiry and projects that will provide the highest return on that investment. Results of the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) economic analysis of federal support for R&D and its review of trends in the data over time indicate the following: Over the 1953-2004 period as a whole, federal spending for R&D has grown, on average, as fast as the overall economy; Distinguishing between research and development is important in evaluating the effectiveness of the government's R&D spending and the benefits it may provide; Federal funding of research -- particularly of basic research -- is generally viewed favorably because of its large potential for spillovers and the corresponding economic benefits; Studies of federal spending for basic research in the past, particularly studies of research conducted at academic institutions, have estimated that the average returns from that spending exceed the returns that might have been gained had those resources been put to other uses.
Federal Support For Research And Development
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Federal Support For Research And Development written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Federal aid to research categories.
Liberty And Research And Development
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Author : Tibor R. Machan
language : en
Publisher: Hoover Press
Release Date : 2013-11-01
Liberty And Research And Development written by Tibor R. Machan and has been published by Hoover Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-01 with Political Science categories.
The contributors to this volume explore the implications of government funding of scientific research and offer alternatives to the heavy reliance on government support that research and development (R&D) currently enjoys. Each author squarely confronts the problems arising from the idea that government funding of R&D is and ought to be the norm.
Allocating Federal Funds For Science And Technology
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Author : Committee on Criteria for Federal Support of Research and Development
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1995-12-06
Allocating Federal Funds For Science And Technology written by Committee on Criteria for Federal Support of Research and Development and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-12-06 with Political Science categories.
The United States faces a new challenge--maintaining the vitality of its system for supporting science and technology despite fiscal stringency during the next several years. To address this change, the Senate Appropriations Committee requested a report from the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine to address "the criteria that should be used in judging the appropriate allocation of funds to research and development activities; to examine the appropriate balance among different types of institutions that conduct such research; and to look at the means of assuring continued objectivity in the allocation process." In this eagerly-awaited book, a committee of experts selected by the National Academies and the Institute responds with 13 recommendations that propose a new budgeting process and formulates a series of questions to address during that process. The committee also makes corollary recommendations about merit review, government oversight, linking research and development to government missions, the synergy between research and education, and other topics. The recommendations are aimed at rooting out obsolete and inadequate activities to free resources from good programs for even better ones, in the belief that "science and technology will be at least as important in the future as they have been in the past in dealing with problems that confront the nation." The authoring committee of this book was chaired by Frank Press, former President of the National Academy of Sciences (1981-1993) and Presidential Science and Technology Advisor (1977-1981).
Federal Support Of Research And Development At Universities And Colleges And Selected Nonprofit Institutions
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Author : National Science Foundation (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970
Federal Support Of Research And Development At Universities And Colleges And Selected Nonprofit Institutions written by National Science Foundation (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Federal aid to higher education categories.
Federal Funds For Research And Development
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Federal Funds For Research And Development written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Federal aid to research categories.