Financing Increased Coal Production
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Financing Increased Coal Production
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Author : Suraj P. Kanhouwa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Financing Increased Coal Production written by Suraj P. Kanhouwa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Coal mines and mining categories.
Financing Increased Coal Production
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Author : Suraj P. Kanhouwa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Financing Increased Coal Production written by Suraj P. Kanhouwa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with categories.
Credit Power And Democracy
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Author : Clifford Hugh Douglas
language : en
Publisher: London : C. Palmer
Release Date : 1921
Credit Power And Democracy written by Clifford Hugh Douglas and has been published by London : C. Palmer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1921 with Capital categories.
Financing Coal Ventures
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Author : Lewis G. Mosburg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987-01
Financing Coal Ventures written by Lewis G. Mosburg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-01 with categories.
International Economic Conference Geneva May 1927
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Author : League of Nations. Secretariat. Economic and Financial Section
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1927
International Economic Conference Geneva May 1927 written by League of Nations. Secretariat. Economic and Financial Section and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1927 with Coal mines and mining categories.
Coal Industry
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Author : D. K. Mittal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Coal Industry written by D. K. Mittal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Coal mines and mining categories.
Coal Satisfies 58 Per Cent Of The Total Commercial Energy Demand In The Country. The Entire Coal Production (Except For The Captive Mines) And 75 Per Cent Of The Total Commercial Demand For Coal Lies In The Public Sector.Coal Production Increased From 70 M.T. At The Time Of Nationalization In 1972-73 To A Targeted 238 M.T. In 1992-93. The Targets Were Met In Terms Of Quantity Alone. The Quality Suffered. The Average Ash Content Of The Indian Coal Increased From Around 25-30 Per Cent To About 35-40 Per Cent. Severe Shortage Of Coking Coal Is Obligating Their Import For Steel Plants. Greater Effort Is, Therefore, Needed For Improving Production Of Coking Coal, Increasing The Share Of Underground Mines And Expanding Coal Washing Capacity In The Public And The Private Sectors.Coal Companies In India Suffered Heavy Losses During The Seventies And The Eighties Due To Over-Manning Low Productivity, Poor Technology And Unviable Prices On Account Of Dominance Of Price Stabilization Considerations. Various Elements Of Costs, E.G., Depreciation, Interest And Return On Equity Were Excluded From The Cost Build Up For Price Fixation. Only Since December 1987 The Coal Prices Are Regulated On The Basis Of Normative Costs Recommended By The Bicp. A Process Of Averaging Of Costs Is Adopted Due To Vast Differences In Production Costs In Underground And Opencast Mining And Those Due To Depth Of Mines, Capital Intensity, Technology And Terrain Etc.With The Commencement Of The Nineties, The Emphasis Shifted From Price Stabilization To Commercialization. The Cil Launched A Number Of Schemes, Such As, Cash And Carry Scheme , Cost-Plus Scheme And Wash And Carry Scheme For Improving Liquidity, Reducing Interest Loss And Earning Higher Return On Investments. Consequently, The Cil Earned A Profit Of Rs.187 Crore In 1991-92 And Rs.225 Crore (Unaudited) In 1992-93. These And Other Aspects Of The Coal Industry Have Been Studied In The Book With The Help Of 102 Statistical Tables And Appendices Pertaining To The World Coal Reserves And World Coal Production.
Future Of Coal In India
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Author : Rahul Tongia, Anurag Sehgal, Puneet Kamboj
language : en
Publisher: Notion Press
Release Date : 2020-09-15
Future Of Coal In India written by Rahul Tongia, Anurag Sehgal, Puneet Kamboj and has been published by Notion Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Mark Twain observed, “I'm in favour of progress; it's change I don't like.” Coal dominates Indian energy because it’s available domestically and cheap (especially without a carbon tax). If the global focus is on the energy transition, how does India ensure a just transition? Managing winners and losers will be the single largest challenge for India’s energy policy. Coal is entrenched in a complex ecosystem. In some states, it’s amongst the largest contributors to state budgets. The Indian Railways, India’s largest civilian employer, is afloat because it overcharges coal to offset under-recovery from passengers. Coal India Limited, the public sector miner that produces 85% of domestic coal, is the world’s largest coal miner. But despite enormous reserves, India imports about a quarter of consumption. On the flip side, coal faces inevitable pressure from renewable energy, which is the cheapest option for new builds. However, there is significant coal-based power capacity already in place, some of which is underutilized, or even stranded. Low per-capita energy consumption means India must still grow its energy supply. Before India can phase out coal, it must first achieve a plateau of coal. How this happens cost-effectively and with least resistance isn’t just a technical or economic question, it depends on the political economy of coal and its alternatives. Some stakeholders want to kill coal. A wiser option may be to first clean it up, instead of wishing it away. Across 18 chapters, drawing from leading experts in the field, we examine all aspects of coal’s future in India. We find no easy answers, but attempt to combine the big picture with details, bringing them together to offer a range of policy options.
Costs Of Corporate Bond Issue In Coal Mining Companies
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Author : Agata Sierpińska-Sawicz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Costs Of Corporate Bond Issue In Coal Mining Companies written by Agata Sierpińska-Sawicz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
In Poland, more than 90% of electricity production is based on coal fuel. Meanwhile, the financial situation of the mining industry is quite challenging. Companies in this sector are in debt, generating losses caused by a sharp drop in coal prices and a simultaneous increase in extraction costs that result from descending into lower levels of coal deposits. At the same time, banks are reluctant to loan money because of the risk of a borrowing entity's default. Increasingly, companies are turning to bond issue to maintain their liquidity and finance development projects. However, bondholders impose conditions in the form of covenants that are often difficult to satisfy, and the strictest relate to the level of a company's indebtedness and ability-to-repay-debt financial ratios. This article discusses bond issue costs. The authors analyze the bond issue programs of three of the four mining companies operating in Poland. The fourth company did not issue any bonds. Bond issue costs are composed of interest payable to investors, issue preparation and support costs, collateralization costs, and the cost of recording and organizing the sale. The main cost involved in bond issuance is the coupon cost, which depends on the company's financial health and its level of indebtedness, the purpose of the issue, its volume, and the type and quality of the safeguards against the risk of loss of funds invested by bondholders. Bonds issued by coal mining companies are assumed mainly by banks, which demand high interest due to the poor financial condition of the issuers. In addition to interest, companies also pay a capital commitment fee, an arrangement fee and a fee for early redemption. Altogether, in relation to the costs of capital raised through a bank loan, the bond issue results in significantly higher costs of raising capital.
The Political Economy Of Coal
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Author : Michael Jakob
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
The Political Economy Of Coal written by Michael Jakob and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Coal mines and mining categories.
This volume provides an overview of the political economy of coal in diverse country contexts. Coal is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions globally, accounting for about 40 percent of energy-related CO2 emissions. Continued construction of coal-fired power plants could make the climate targets of the Paris Agreement infeasible to achieve. In spite of sharply declining costs for renewable energy sources, many countries still heavily rely on coal to meet their energy demand. The predominance of coal can only be adequately understood in light of the political factors that determine energy policy formulation. To this end, this edited volume assembles a wide variety of case studies exploring the political economy of coal for across the globe. These includes industrial and developing nations, coal importers and exporters as well as countries that are either substantial coal users, are just beginning to ramp up their capacities, or have already initiated a coal phase-out. Importantly, all case studies are structured along a unifying framework that focuses on the central actors driving energy policy formulation, their main objectives as well as the context that determines to what extent they can influence policy making. This large set of comparable studies will permit drawing conclusions regarding key similarities as well as differences driving coal use in different countries. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy, climate change, resource management, and sustainable development. It will also appeal to practitioners and policymakers involved in sustainable development.
Financing Of Energy Sector In Developing Countries
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Author : Pradeep Chaturvedi
language : en
Publisher: Concept Publishing Company
Release Date : 1999
Financing Of Energy Sector In Developing Countries written by Pradeep Chaturvedi and has been published by Concept Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Business & Economics categories.