Fire Effects Of Bombing Attacks
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Fire Effects Of Bombing Attacks
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Author : United States. Department of Defense. Civil Defense Liaison Office
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1950
Fire Effects Of Bombing Attacks written by United States. Department of Defense. Civil Defense Liaison Office and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1950 with Air warfare categories.
Fire Effects Of Bombing Attacks
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Author : United States. Office of Civil Defense
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1959
Fire Effects Of Bombing Attacks written by United States. Office of Civil Defense and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1959 with Air warfare categories.
Fire Effects Of Bombing Attacks
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1950
Fire Effects Of Bombing Attacks written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1950 with Air warfare categories.
Fire Effects Of Bombing Attacks
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Author : United States. Office of Civil Defense
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1955
Fire Effects Of Bombing Attacks written by United States. Office of Civil Defense and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1955 with Air warfare categories.
Fire Effects Of Bombing Attacks The Firebombing And Destruction Of Hamburg And Dresden In World War Ii By Incendiary Attack Fire Storms Effectiveness Of Barriers Japanese Fire Bombing
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Author : U. S. Military
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-03-06
Fire Effects Of Bombing Attacks The Firebombing And Destruction Of Hamburg And Dresden In World War Ii By Incendiary Attack Fire Storms Effectiveness Of Barriers Japanese Fire Bombing written by U. S. Military and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-06 with categories.
The enormous effectiveness of fire as a weapon of war was demonstrated in World War II. Structural damage caused by fire accounted for 80 percent of the total damage to the cities attacked by airborne weapons. The great fire attacks on the cities of Germany and Japan were scientifically planned with emphasis placed on the susceptibility of the target and the type and quantity of munitions necessary to produce maximum damage. The lessons learned from these attacks and later from the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki should provide valuable guidance to planners in designing measures to minimize the effects of fire damage to American cities in any future war. Complete appraisal of the fire damage in German cities may never be made. The best figures for total damage due to high-explosive and incendiary bombs were compiled from aerial surveys made by the British Air Ministry. Although admittedly incomplete, records of the principal attacks on most cities were included. Of the 49 cities studied, 39 percent of the individual dwelling units (2,164,800 out of a total of 5,554,500) were seriously damaged. Both high-explosive and incendiary bombs were used in the great attacks on German targets by the U. S. Army Air Force and the Royal Air Force. The high-explosive bombs varied in size from 100 to 2,000 pounds (with heavier bombs for special targets). The incendiary bombs varied from 4 to 100 pounds (with some 500-pound bombs used on industrial installations) and were of two general types, namely: (1) Those in which the container was combustible and served as incendiary material, and (2) those in which the case was merely a container capable of placing the incendiary filling at the desired place in the target. In the principal city attacks the total load of bombs dropped consisted of an approximately equal weight of high explosives and incendiaries. High-explosive bombs deterred firefighting, disrupted communications, broke water-main networks, created road blocks, opened up buildings, broke windows, and displaced roofing. In some places they caused fires, but this was a secondary and relatively minor factor. The incendiaries started most of the fires. Bomb loads of 1,000 to 2,000 tons were dispatched over German cities in one night. A total of over 7,000 tons was dropped on Hamburg, and an even heavier bomb load was dropped on Dresden in the closing days of the war. In contrast, the heaviest single attack on an English city was 457 tons of incendiary and high-explosive bombs dropped on London on the night of April 16-17, 1941. These figures show that the German attacks on England were relatively light despite the great damage they caused. Contents: Section I * Fire Warfare in World War II * Fire Warfare on German Cities * The Pattern of German Cities * Characteristics of Fire Storms * Fire Spread * Fire Defense Operations * Casualties * Fire Warfare on Japanese Cities * The Pattern of Japanese Cities * Characteristics of Conflagrations * Fire Spread * Firebreaks * Fire Defense Operations * Casualties * Fire from the Atomic Bomb Attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan * The Pattern of the Cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki * Fires Caused by the Atomic Bomb * Fire Defense Operations * Casualties * Section II * Principal Factors Involved in the Fire Susceptibility of American Cities * Factors Having the Greatest Influence on Fire Initiation and Fire Spread * 1. Building Density * 2. Combustibility of Structures * 3. Firebreaks * 4. Size of Target Area * Contributing Factors to Fire Initiation and Fire Spread * 1. Continuity of Combustible Construction * 2. Occupancy Combustibility * 3. Size of Buildings * 4. Topography * Weather Factors * 1. Humidity * 2. Rain and Snow * 3. Wind * Conclusions * Bibliography
Fire Effects Of Bombing Attacks
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Author : United States. Federal Civil Defense Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1957
Fire Effects Of Bombing Attacks written by United States. Federal Civil Defense Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1957 with Air warfare categories.
Impact Of Air Attack In World War Ii Summary Of Civil Defense Experience V 3 Causes Of Fire From Atomic Attack V 4 Evaluation Of Source Material
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Author : Stanford Research Institute
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1953
Impact Of Air Attack In World War Ii Summary Of Civil Defense Experience V 3 Causes Of Fire From Atomic Attack V 4 Evaluation Of Source Material written by Stanford Research Institute and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1953 with Civil defense categories.
Preparing For The Psychological Consequences Of Terrorism
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2003-08-26
Preparing For The Psychological Consequences Of Terrorism written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-08-26 with Political Science categories.
The Oklahoma City bombing, intentional crashing of airliners on September 11, 2001, and anthrax attacks in the fall of 2001 have made Americans acutely aware of the impacts of terrorism. These events and continued threats of terrorism have raised questions about the impact on the psychological health of the nation and how well the public health infrastructure is able to meet the psychological needs that will likely result. Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism highlights some of the critical issues in responding to the psychological needs that result from terrorism and provides possible options for intervention. The committee offers an example for a public health strategy that may serve as a base from which plans to prevent and respond to the psychological consequences of a variety of terrorism events can be formulated. The report includes recommendations for the training and education of service providers, ensuring appropriate guidelines for the protection of service providers, and developing public health surveillance for preevent, event, and postevent factors related to psychological consequences.
Fire And The Air War
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Author : National Fire Protection Association
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1946
Fire And The Air War written by National Fire Protection Association and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1946 with Atomic bomb categories.
The Medical Implications Of Nuclear War
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Author : Fred Solomon
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1986-01-15
The Medical Implications Of Nuclear War written by Fred Solomon and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-01-15 with Science categories.
Written by world-renowned scientists, this volume portrays the possible direct and indirect devastation of human health from a nuclear attack. The most comprehensive work yet produced on this subject, The Medical Implications of Nuclear War includes an overview of the potential environmental and physical effects of nuclear bombardment, describes the problems of choosing who among the injured would get the scarce medical care available, addresses the nuclear arms race from a psychosocial perspective, and reviews the medical needs--in contrast to the medical resources likely to be available--after a nuclear attack. "It should serve as the definitive statement on the consequences of nuclear war."--Arms Control Today