Firm Size Quality Bias And Import Demand
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Firm Size Quality Bias And Import Demand
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Author : Joaquin Blaum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Firm Size Quality Bias And Import Demand written by Joaquin Blaum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Business enterprises categories.
Commonly used firm-based models of importing imply that firm productivity should have no effect on the allocation of expenditure across a common set of sourcing countries. Using French data, we show that this homotheticity property is soundly rejected: larger firms concentrate their import spending on their top varieties, holding the sourcing strategy fixed. To rationalize this finding, we propose a novel model of importing that features (i) a complementarity between firm productivity and input quality and (ii) heterogeneity across countries in their ability to produce high quality inputs. This model implies that large firms bias their spending towards countries with a comparative advantage in producing high quality inputs and hence generates a non-homothetic import demand system. We provide empirical support for this and other predictions of this theory.
Non Traded Gains From Trade Selection In The Non Traded Sector Evidence From Brazil
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Author : Rafael Machado Parente
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2023-12-22
Non Traded Gains From Trade Selection In The Non Traded Sector Evidence From Brazil written by Rafael Machado Parente and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-22 with Business & Economics categories.
We investigate how trade shocks affect the allocation of labor across plants at the local labor market level. Using Brazil’s import liberalization as a quasi-natural experiment, we uncover a new margin for the gains from trade: the reallocation of labor from smaller to larger producers in the non-traded sector. We find that in response to liberalization, larger non-traded producers self-select into importing, expanding as they gain access to inputs from abroad. We then develop a parsimonious model of heterogeneous producers incorporating this mechanism. The theory is consistent with the empirical findings and show that reallocation among non-traded producers is welfare-enhancing. In contrast, this reallocation effect disappears when all nontraded producers make the same importing decision.
Private Enterprise Development
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Author : United States. Agency for International Development
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Private Enterprise Development written by United States. Agency for International Development and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Business enterprises categories.
Making It Big
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Author : Andrea Ciani
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2020-10-08
Making It Big written by Andrea Ciani and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
Heterogeneous Firms And Import Quality
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Author : Benjamin R. Mandel
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010-11
Heterogeneous Firms And Import Quality written by Benjamin R. Mandel and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11 with Business & Economics categories.
A key emerging insight in international econ. is that the scope for quality differentiation can help to explain patterns in export prices at the level of products or firms. In this paper, a unified theoretical framework of firm heterogeneity in cost and quality is brought to bear on an expansive data set of U.S. import transaction prices. The higher moments of the price distribution are used to identify the scope for quality differentiation at the detailed product level. The product classification is then used to evaluate two claims in the nascent firm-level trade quality lit. First, the positive link between exporter capability and price is found to depend on the nature of the product. Second, a time series test documents firm sorting into export markets according to output quality. Illus.
Empirical Patterns Of Firm Growth And R D Investment
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Author : Tor Jakob Klette
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Empirical Patterns Of Firm Growth And R D Investment written by Tor Jakob Klette and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
We present a model of endogenous firm growth with Ramp;D investment and stochastic innovation as the engines of growth. The model for firm growth is a partial equilibrium model drawing on the quality ladder models in the macro growth literature, but also on the literature on patent races and the discrete choice models of product differentiation. We examine to what extent the assumptions and the empirical content of our model are consistent with the findings that have emerged from the empirical studies of growth, productivity, Ramp;D and patenting at the firm level. The analysis shows that the model fits well with empirical patterns such as (i) a skewed size distribution of firms with persistent differences in firm sizes, (ii) firm growth independent of firm size, as stated in the so-called Gibrat`s law, and (iii) Ramp;D investment proportional to sales, as well as a number of other empirical patterns.
Does Import Competition Induce R D Reallocation Evidence From The U S
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Author : Rui Xu
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2017-11-16
Does Import Competition Induce R D Reallocation Evidence From The U S written by Rui Xu and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-16 with Business & Economics categories.
We analyze the impact of rising import competition from China on U.S. innovative activities. Using Compustat data, we find that import competition induces R&D expenditures to be reallocated towards more productive and more profitable firms within each industry. Such reallocation effect has the potential to offset the average drop in firm-level R&D identified in the previous literature. Indeed, our quantitative analysis shows no adverse impact of import competition on aggregate R&D expenditures. Taking the analysis beyond manufacturing, we find that import competition has led to reallocation of researchers towards booming service industries, including business and repairs, personal services, and financial services.
Export And Import Price Index Manual Theory And Practice
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2010-04-06
Export And Import Price Index Manual Theory And Practice written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-06 with categories.
A joint production by six international organizations, this manual explores the conceptual and theoretical issues that national statistical offices should consider in the daily compilation of export and import price indices. Intended for use by both ...
Country Specific Factors And The Pattern Of Horizontal And Vertical Intra Industry Trade In The Uk
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Author : David Greenaway
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Country Specific Factors And The Pattern Of Horizontal And Vertical Intra Industry Trade In The Uk written by David Greenaway and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Commerce categories.
Competition And Firm Productivity
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Author : Sandra Ospina
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2010-03-01
Competition And Firm Productivity written by Sandra Ospina and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper presents empirical evidence on the impact of competition on firm productivity. Using firm-level observations from the World Bank Enterprise Survey database, we find a positive and robust causal relationship between our proxies for competition and our measures of productivity. We also find that countries that implemented product-market reforms had a more pronounced increase in competition, and correspondingly, in productivity: the contribution to productivity growth due to competition spurred by product-market reforms is around 12-15 percent.