Fiscal Federalism And Macroeconomic Governance
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Fiscal Federalism And Macroeconomic Governance
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Author : Anwar Shah
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1998
Fiscal Federalism And Macroeconomic Governance written by Anwar Shah and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Control fiscal categories.
November 1998 Shah concludes that, contrary to a common misconception, decentralized fiscal systems offer more potential for improved macroeconomic governance than do centralized fiscal systems, because they require greater clarity about the roles of various players and decisionmakers and-to ensure fair play-greater transparency in rules governing interactions. In analyzing the institutional environment for macroeconomic management, Shah discusses monetary policy, fiscal policy, and subnational borrowing. In analyzing the macroeconomic dimensions of securing an economic union, he discusses the regulatory environment, tax coordination, transfer payments and social insurance, intergovernmental fiscal transfers, and regional equity. Finally, he discusses the challenges of globalization and draws lessons from experience about fiscal reform in developing countries: Among them: * Monetary policy is best entrusted to an independent central bank with a mandate for price stability. * Fiscal rules accompanied by gatekeeper intergovernmental councils or committees provide a useful framework for fiscal discipline and coordination of fiscal policy. * The integrity and independence of the financial sector contribute to fiscal prudence in the public sector. * To ensure fiscal discipline, governments at all levels must be made to face the financial consequences of their decisions. * Societal norms and consensus about the roles of various levels of government and limits to their authority are vital to the success of decentralized decisionmaking. * Tax decentralization is a prerequisite for subnational access to credit markets. * Higher-level institutional assistance may be needed to finance local capital projects. * An internal common market is best preserved by constitutional guarantees. * Intergovernmental transfers in developing countries undermine fiscal discipline and accountability while building transfer dependencies that cause a slow economic strangulation of fiscally disadvantaged regions. * Periodic review of jurisdictional assignments is essential to realign responsibilities with changing economic and political realities. * Finally, and contrary to a common misconception, decentralized fiscal systems offer more potential for improved macroeconomic governance than do centralized fiscal systems. This paper-a product of the Country and Regional Relations Division, Operations Evaluation Department-is part of a larger effort in the department to learn lessons of experience in improving public sector performance in developing countries. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Fiscal Federalism In Theory And Practice
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Author : Mrs.Teresa Ter-Minassian
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1997-09-10
Fiscal Federalism In Theory And Practice written by Mrs.Teresa Ter-Minassian and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-09-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Over the past few decades, a clear trend has emerged worldwide toward the devolution of spending and, to a lesser extent, revenue-raising responsibilities to state and local levels of government. One view is that the decentralization of spending responsibilities can entail substantial gains in terms of distributed equity and macroeconomic management. The papers in this volume, edited by Teresa Ter-Minassian, examine the validity of these views in light of theoretical considerations, as well as the experience of a number of countries.
Macro Federalism And Local Finance
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Author : Anwar M. Shah
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2008-06-20
Macro Federalism And Local Finance written by Anwar M. Shah and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-20 with Political Science categories.
The design of a federal system to deal with growth, stabilization, and regional and local development issues is the primary concern of this volume, edited by Anwar Shah. The book provides analytical tools to address issues arising from globalization, localization, and regional integration. It discusses tax harmonization issues associated with subnational value added tax administration. It provides a framework for fiscal discipline in a federal system. Lessons from international experiences from policies to deal with lagging regions are drawn. The book empirically examines the effect of fiscal decentralization on the overall size of the public sector. Finally, it draws lessons from industrial countries' experiences on local governance. This important new series represents a response to several independent evaluations in recent years that have argued that development practitioners and policy makers dealing with public sector reforms in developing countries and, indeed, anyone with a concern for effective public governance could benefit from a synthesis of newer perspectives on public sector reforms. This series distills current wisdom and presents tools of analysis for improving the efficiency, equity, and efficacy of the public sector. Leading public policy experts and practitioners have contributed to the series.
Macroeconomic Management And Fiscal Decentralization
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Author : Jayanta Roy
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1995-01-01
Macroeconomic Management And Fiscal Decentralization written by Jayanta Roy and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Suggests guidelines by which developing countries can successfully manage the rapid surge in government revenues that occurs during a commodity boom. The book addresses the problems associated with such booms, including long-term spending commitments, Dutch disease, and a slowdown in diversification.
Fiscal Federalism And Macroeconomic Governance
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Author : Anwar Shah
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Fiscal Federalism And Macroeconomic Governance written by Anwar Shah and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Shah concludes that, cont ...
Macroeconomic Management And The Devolution Of Fiscal Powers
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Author : Paulo Flavio Nacif Drummond
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2002-04
Macroeconomic Management And The Devolution Of Fiscal Powers written by Paulo Flavio Nacif Drummond and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-04 with Business & Economics categories.
Several of the transition economies are devolving fiscal authority to subnational governments at a time when it is also important to consolidate fiscal policy. This can be problematic because, without appropriate care, the central government's ability to determine the level and structure of revenues, public spending, and borrowing may well diminish as fiscal policy is devolved. This paper focuses on how the center can maintain its ability to conduct fiscal policy while devolving revenue, spending, and borrowing powers to lower levels of government. Empirical evidence shows that countries with good governance have maintained fiscal control despite a high degree of fiscal devolution. And decentralization is associated with better fiscal outcomes for middle-income countries with strong governance. Fiscal management issues are explored in four key areas: budget coordination mechanisms at the macro level tax-effort incentives and revenue-sharing mechanisms expenditure control and hard-budget constraints and criteria and rules for borrowing.
Decentralization And Macroeconomic Management
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Author : Mrs.Teresa Ter-Minassian
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1997-11-01
Decentralization And Macroeconomic Management written by Mrs.Teresa Ter-Minassian and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The literature on fiscal federalism has amply discussed both the potential efficiency and welfare gains from decentralization and the potential trade-offs between decentralization and income redistribution. By contrast, it has generally put less emphasis on the effects of decentralization on macroeconomic management, although policymakers worldwide increasingly have to grapple with these effects. This paper examines the constraints that a high degree of decentralization can place on the ability of the central government to carry out its traditional macroeconomic management functions and explores various ways to minimize these constraints.
Fiscal Decentralization And Fiscal Performance
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Author : Anwar Shah
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005
Fiscal Decentralization And Fiscal Performance written by Anwar Shah and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Federal government categories.
Fiscal rules binding on all levels can help sustain political commitment in countries having coalitions or fragmented regimes in power. Coordinating institutions help in the use of moral suasion to encourage a coordinated response. Industrial countries' experiences also show that unilaterally imposed federal controls and constraints on subnational governments typically do not work. Instead, societal norms based on fiscal conservatism such as the Swiss referenda and political activism of the electorate play important roles. Ultimately capital markets and bond-rating agencies provide more effective discipline on fiscal policy. In this context, it is important not to backstop state and local debt and not to allow ownership of the banks by any level of government. Transparency of the budgetary process and institutions, accountability to the electorate, and general availability of comparative data encourages fiscal discipline.
Fiscal Aspects Of Evolving Federations
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Author : David E. Wildasin
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1998
Fiscal Aspects Of Evolving Federations written by David E. Wildasin and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Decentralization in government categories.
February 1998 Establishing hard rather than soft budget constraints in intergovernmental fiscal relations is perhaps the most important challenge facing developing economies as they decentralize. Recent experience with fiscal decentralization in many developing and transition economies has led many observers to question whether fiscal decentralization undermines macroeconomic stability. In several countries, transfers from central to lower-level governments have increased fiscal deficits at the central level, creating pressures on central banks to monetize additional debt, thus jeopardizing price stability. In other countries, central governments trying to control their deficits have reduced transfers to lower-level governments, creating fiscal distress at lower levels. These issues of macroeconomic fiscal stability have not featured prominently in North American policy debates about fiscal federalism, nor has much academic research been devoted to them. In a world where the state's basic political organization is undergoing rapid reform and restructuring, the tensions and opportunities created by fiscal interactions among levels of government are of critical concern. Much of the literature on fiscal federalism has been geared to the situation in such industrial countries as Canada and the United States. Policymakers and researchers should identify the institutional structures of stable, mature federations that help sustain satisfactory macro-economic performance. But different policy problems are likely to arise in different settings, especially in the developing world. Among topics that deserve further research attention: * The interplay between intergovernmental grants and government borrowing. * What is the difference in effect on lower-level governments between hard and soft budget constraints? What economic distortions are associated with soft budget constraints? What institutional reforms might help to establish hard budget constraints? * Is the country still the appropriate unit of analysis for important economic issues? What economic benefits or costs result from including several regions within one jurisdictional structure? What economic considerations determine the optimal size of a country and what are the crucial economic functions of national governments? * Demographic change, changes in communication and transportation technology, and the development of market institutions may alter the optimal or equilibrium boundaries of political units over time. Such change invariably raises questions about the organization of the public sector and the assignment of expenditures and revenues to different levels of government. The patterns of gains and losses from reorganizing factor markets and jurisdictional structures can be complex. To understand them fully requires understanding the economic consequences of changes in both market organization and policy outcomes resulting from reorganization of the public sector. This paper-a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study fiscal decentralization and the organization of government.
Fiscal Decentralization And Fiscal Performance
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Author : Anwar Shah
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Fiscal Decentralization And Fiscal Performance written by Anwar Shah and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
A resurgence of recent interest in fiscal federalism has been a source of concern among macroeconomic stabilization experts. They argue that a decentralized fiscal system poses a threat to macroeconomic stability as it is incompatible with prudent monetary and fiscal management. The author addresses these concerns by taking a simple neo-institutional economics with an econometric analysis perspective. His analysis concludes that, contrary to a common misconception, fiscal decentralization is associated with improved fiscal performance and better functioning of internal common markets. Fiscal policy coordination represents an important challenge for federal systems. In this context, fiscal rules and institutions provide a useful framework but not necessarily a solution to this challenge. Fiscal rules binding on all levels can help sustain political commitment in countries having coalitions or fragmented regimes in power. Coordinating institutions help in the use of moral suasion to encourage a coordinated response. Industrial countries' experiences also show that unilaterally imposed federal controls and constraints on subnational governments typically do not work. Instead, societal norms based on fiscal conservatism such as the Swiss referenda and political activism of the electorate play important roles. Ultimately capital markets and bond-rating agencies provide more effective discipline on fiscal policy. In this context, it is important not to backstop state and local debt and not to allow ownership of the banks by any level of government. Transparency of the budgetary process and institutions, accountability to the electorate, and general availability of comparative data encourages fiscal discipline. Fiscal decentralization poses significant challenges for macroeconomic management. These challenges require careful design of monetary and fiscal institutions to overcome adverse incentives associated with the "common property" resource management problems or with rent seeking behavior. Experiences of federal countries indicate significant learning and adaptation of fiscal systems to create incentives compatible with fair play and to overcome incomplete contracts. This explains why that decentralized fiscal systems appear to do better than centralized fiscal systems on most aspects of monetary and fiscal policy management and transparent and accountable governance.