Fiscal Policy And Social Welfare
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Fiscal Redistribution And Social Welfare
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Author : Mr.David Coady
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-03-08
Fiscal Redistribution And Social Welfare written by Mr.David Coady and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Fiscal policy is a key tool for achieving distributional objectives in advanced economies. This paper embeds the discussion of fiscal redistribution within the standard social welfare framework, which lends itself to a transparent and practical evaluation of the extent and determinants of fiscal redistribution. Differences in fiscal redistribution are decomposed into differences in the magnitude of transfers (fiscal effort) and in the progressivity of transfers (fiscal progressivity). Fiscal progressivity is further decomposed into differences in the distribution of transfers across income groups (targeting performance) and in the social welfare returns to targeting due to varying initial levels of income inequality (targeting returns). This decomposition provides a clear distinction between the concepts of progressivity and targeting, and clarifies the relationship between them. For illustrative purposes, the framework is applied to data for 28 EU countries to determine the factors explaining differences in their fiscal redistribution and to discuss patterns in fiscal redistribution highlighted in the literature.
Fiscal Policy And Social Welfare
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Author : John Creedy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Fiscal Policy And Social Welfare written by John Creedy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Business & Economics categories.
A systematic treatment of tax and transfer systems models and their redistributive effects, illustrating fixed pre-tax income distributions, fixed wage rate distributions, and the general equilibrium framework. Creedy (economics, U. of Melbourne) reviews various inequality and tax progressivity schemes, as well as social welfare functions and pension measures, demonstrating a continuum that moves from a framework with fixed labor supplies to one in which labor supplies respond to the changes in the tax system. Includes extensive numerical examples and diagrams. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Is Fiscal Policy The Answer
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Author : Blanca Moreno-Dodson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2012-10
Is Fiscal Policy The Answer written by Blanca Moreno-Dodson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Fiscal policy is an important instrument for maintaining and improving living standards. Such living standards can be viewed as an outcome of the interaction between the opportunities offered by society and the readiness and ability of each person to exploit them. Under certain circumstances, public finance can make an important contribution to the creation of opportunities within a given society by raising resources from the private sector through taxation or borrowing (domestic and external) and allocating those resources effectively and equitably in the form of public spending, including through public goods and transfers. The first chapters in this volume sketch out a framework that policy makers can use in adopting a more cohesive or integrated approach to the short- and long-term dimensions of fiscal policy. Here the traditional threefold rationale for fiscal policy proposed by Musgrave-stabilization, resource allocation, and distribution-continues to be useful. Other chapters in this volume take up some of the critical institutional challenges in implementing fiscal policy for longer-term growth and development. These chapters also look at the tools and approaches being developed to address these challenges. Improving the quality of public investment management is a particular priority in view of the recent evidence that as little as half of all public investment expenditure translates into productive capital stock. The last chapter in this volume is a case study of fiscal responses to the great recession in low-income Sub-Saharan Africa, looking at stabilization and the longer-run growth, as well as distributional aspects of such responses. The growing depth of domestic financial markets in many African countries rather unexpectedly is turning out to be a critical source of financing for fiscal policy responses.
The Welfare Economics Of Cooperative And Non Cooperative Fiscal Policy
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Author : Willem H. Buiter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
The Welfare Economics Of Cooperative And Non Cooperative Fiscal Policy written by Willem H. Buiter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Economics categories.
In a competitive two-country overlapping generations model with perfect capital mobility, a plan that is individually Pareto optimal (that is Pareto optimal with respect to individual preferences) can be sustained without coordination of national fiscal policies when the fiscal arsenal is restricted to lump-sum taxes and government borrowing. Cooperation is required to achieve a Pareto optimum with respect to the two utilitarian national social welfare functions. Cooperation and international side payments are required to achieve an optimum with respect to a utilitarian global social welfare function. Without international lump-sum transfers, when distortionary taxes on capital income are permitted, Pareto optima with respect to national social welfare functions and global social welfare optima will not be individual Pareto optima: efficiency is traded off for a more desirable intergenerational and international distribution of resources. With nationally provided international public goods, the achievement of individual Pareto efficiency requires coordination of public spending but not of financing.
The Distributional Effect Of Social Welfare Spending In An Economy Evidence From Thailand
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Author : Joseph Ato Forson
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2013-03-15
The Distributional Effect Of Social Welfare Spending In An Economy Evidence From Thailand written by Joseph Ato Forson and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2013 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: A, , course: Fiscal and Monetary Policy Analysis and Management, language: English, abstract: This paper attempts to test the validity of public welfare spending theories (compensation theory, system theory, median voter theory, group theory, Incrementalism and some variants of public choice theory) in the context of Thailand. The study make use of GDP, previous welfare spending, increases in population, tax revenue, openness to trade, democratic government, labour union, trade association, urbanisation and welfare spending as a share of GDP over the period 1982 – 2007. We found strong and positive link between globalisation, GDP, tax revenue, labour union and previous welfare spending with Thailand welfare spending. These increases will invariably call for increased access to education, health care systems and other related welfare spending which means, the revenue base has to be increased through tax. We therefore recommend Thai Government to undertake reform in the tax system to broaden the tax net. Also, land and property tax systems ought to be reformed as well to extend coverage. We also recommend the stimulation of domestic demand in Thailand to reduce the over reliance on the international market which exposes countries to high end risks and uncertainties. The falling population growth in Thailand could also spell a doom to Thai’s labour supply. Thailand currently relies on immigrant workers from neigbouring countries like Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam and Burma. As the economic conditions in these countries improve, these immigrant workers might return. This will create a shortage in the supply needs to cater for the ever increasing demand propelled by the continuous industralisation of the Thai economy. Policy decision makers should factor this in their subsequent decision to mitigate this effect in the near future.
Is Fiscal Policy The Answer
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Author : Blanca Moreno-Dodson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2012-11-15
Is Fiscal Policy The Answer written by Blanca Moreno-Dodson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-15 with Business & Economics categories.
The effects of fiscal policy measures, both taxes and public spending, adopted by developing countries in response to the 2009 global crisis are still uncertain. This book discusses them using an analytical framework that allows for distilling possible implications on growth and social welfare.
The Welfare State Public Investment And Growth
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Author : Hirofumi Shibata
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Welfare State Public Investment And Growth written by Hirofumi Shibata and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
This book presents fifteen papers selected from the papers read at the 53rd Congress of the International Institute of Public Finance held at Kyoto, Japan, in August 1997. Although organized under the general title of Public Finance and Public Investment, the Congress covered a wide range of topics in Public Finance. One of the highlights of the Congress was a historic and brilliant debate between two of the greatest living authorities in the area of public finance, Professors James M. Buchanan and Richard A. Musgrave, on the nature of the welfare state and its future. Part I of this book is concerned with this debate and its empirical counterpart. James M. Buchanan (Chapter 1) warns that the welfare state will be unsustainable unless it preserves generality or at least quasi generality in welfare programs. The introduction of overt discrimination in welfare programs through means testing and targeting can only diminish public support. He argues that a political version of the "tragedy of commons" will emerge if and when identifiable interest groups recognize the prospects of particularized gains as promised by discriminatory tax or transfer payments. Faced with mounting pressure from entitlement-like claims of special interest groups against public revenues on one hand and equally strong pressure against further tax burdens on the other, political leaders are attracted to solutions that single out the most vulnerable targets. Distributional disagreement among classes will then become a major source of political discourse and an impetus for class conflict.
Targeting Social Benefits
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Author : Neil Gilbert
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-07-12
Targeting Social Benefits written by Neil Gilbert and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-12 with Political Science categories.
Over the last decade changing family life and increasing fiscal constraints on welfare expenditures have forced industrialized nations to reconsider how they approach social protection. Faced with fiscal and demographic changes, many countries have been struggling to -develop innovative policy responses. Some involve targeting benefits in order to shrink existing program commitments, to focus welfare expenditures on those most in need, and to give social welfare systems more flexibility in redirecting available resources to meet emerging demands. Targeting Social Benefits: International Perspectives and Trends provides a systematic assessment of the trend toward targeting in seven countries representing a range of industrialized welfare states-New Zealand, the Netherlands, Britain, Israel, the United States, Italy, and Sweden. The contributors to this volume examine the extent to which each country has adopted measures to focus social benefits on specific population groups and particularly social welfare program areas. A summary chapter surveys and categorizes the choices nations have made in targeting methods, culls the lessons learned for recent reforms, and explores the implications of these developments for the future of the welfare state. Specific methods for targeting benefits in different program areas are analyzed, which includes means-tests, income testing, diagnostic criteria, behavioral requirements and the use of socio-demo-graphic categories. This illuminating volume provides an in-depth understanding of alternative approaches to and consequences of policies designed to target social benefits. It will help scholars, professionals, and policymakers deepen their understanding of the alternative methods and consequences of recent policies designed to shift the allocation of social welfare benefits. Neil Gilbert is Chernin Professor of Social Welfare at the School of Social Welfare, University of California at Berkeley, and Director of the Center for Com
Social Performance And Fiscal Policy
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Author : Guido van Steen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Social Performance And Fiscal Policy written by Guido van Steen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Fiscal policy categories.
Fiscal Redistribution And Social Welfare
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Author : David P. Coady
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Fiscal Redistribution And Social Welfare written by David P. Coady and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
This paper embeds analysis of fiscal redistribution (FR) within the standard social welfare framework. Differences in FR are decomposed into differences in the magnitude (fiscal effort) and progressivity (fiscal progressivity) of transfers. Progressivity is further decomposed into differences in the distribution of transfers across income groups (targeting performance) and in the social welfare returns to targeting (targeting returns). This motivates a distinction between conditional and unconditional FR, where the latter abstracts from targeting returns. For illustrative purposes, the framework is applied to EUROMOD data for EU countries to explain differences in FR and to discuss patterns in FR highlighted in the literature.